Psych 2e Ch. 9 Review (quiz)

proxy

Ross has learned that he has Parkinson's disease, and that in time he will lose some of his cognitive faculties. He and his wife have a lawyer draw up a document that names her a health care ________ who will be able to make medical decisions for Ross when he is unable to do so for himself.

Vygotsky

Which theorist promoted the idea that development is fundamentally affected by one's culture as well as their interactions with their own environment?

Schemata

________ are concepts (mental models) that are used to help us categorize and interpret information

Physical

________ development involves growth and changes in the body and brain, the senses, motor skills, and health and wellness.

zygote

A(an) ________ begins as a one-cell structure that is created when a sperm and egg merge.

formal operational

According to Jean Piaget, in what stage do children begin to use abstract thinking processes?

Erik Erikson

According to ________, lifespan development encompasses eight stages and at each stage we encounter a psychosocial crisis that must be resolved.

identity vs. confusion

Adolescents (ages 12-18) experiment with and develop a sense of who they are and what roles they want to play. Erik Erikson would argue that during this period adolescents face the________ task of development.

integrity vs. despair

After age 65, most people are attempting to assess their lives and make sense of life and the meaning of their contributions. Within the psychosocial model of development, what is the primary developmental task of this stage?

trust vs. mistrust

Between birth and one year, infants are dependent on their caregivers; therefore, caregivers who are responsive and sensitive to their infant's needs help their baby to develop a sense of the world as a safe, predictable place. In Erikson's developmental theory, what is the primary developmental task of this stage?

sensorimotor

During Jean Piaget's ________ stage, the world is experienced through what we can take in through our perceptual systems and how we can move our bodies.

pre-conventional

Elroy decided not to cheat on the exam because he would fail the class if he was caught and he'd get punished by his parents. What stage of moral development does this exemplify?

surveys

Emily is a doctoral student in psychology. She plans to use ________ to complete her doctoral paper, asking individuals to self-report important information about how their thoughts, experiences, and beliefs differ over a 10-year period.

fine

Grasping a toy, writing with a pencil, and using a spoon are all examples of ________ motor skills.

egocentrism

Jory, a six year old, is picking out a card for his mother's birthday. He picks the card with a picture of Lightning McQueen, reasoning that since he loves Cars his mother does to. What does this exemplify?

death with dignity and pain management in a humane and comfortable setting.

The goal of hospice care is to provide

bargaining

Victoria has learned that she has metastatic breast cancer and has only a few months to live. She immediately goes to church and prays that she will "change her ways" and will become a model Christian if God will just heal her illness. Victoria is at the _______ stage of grieving.

environment and culture

What does nurture refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate?

authoritative

Which parenting style is most encouraged in modern America?

Sigmund Freud

Which theorist is credited with proposing the psychosexual stages of development?