psych 310 midterm

A women complains of an assortment of physiological ailments. You think that she is intentionally producing the physical symptoms to appear sick, which fills some psychological need. If this is true, the appropriate diagnosis is: A. factitious disorder B. conversion disorder C. generalized anxiety disorder D. psychophysical disorder

A

Dontrall observed his parents' generous behavior throughout his childhood. As a result, he developed a positive and generous attitude towards the world. According to the behavioral model, Dontrall acquired the perspective through the process of: A. modeling B. self-actualization C. operant conditioning D. classical conditioning

A

Gabe appeared at the clinic complaining of pain in his knees, shoulder, and abdomen; nausea and vomiting; blurred vision; and exhaustion. The patient history revealed that he had been going to clinics for years trying to get treatment for these complaints as well as a host of other physical symptoms. The diagnostic consensus was that Gabe suffered from: A. factitious disorder B. somatic symptoms C. illness anxiety disorder D. body dysmorphic disorder

A

Having to walk the dog several times a day when it is raining is an example of a: A. stressor B. stress response C. stress disorder D. psychophysical disorder

A

If a therapist asked you to say whatever came to mind, then suggested interpretations designed to help you work through grief over real or imagined losses, your therapist would be using: A. psychodynamic therapy B. cognitive therapy C. behavioral therapy D. sociocultural therapy

A

If people with unipolar depression were found to have lower levels of norepinephrine, such a finding would support which perspective? A. Biological B. Sociocultural C. Psychological D. Developmental psychopathology

A

People with ____ interact with the world in a way that produces continual stress and often leads to coronary heart disease. A. Type A personality style B. Type B personality style C. factitious disorder D. conversion disorder

A

Shaun wants to be a good participant. He knows that his professor is an environmentalist, so his answers on the survey reflect a pro-environment position. This is an example of: A. subject bias B. a placebo effect C. random variation D. experimenter bias

A

Someone interested in the effects of social change, poverty, and race on the risk for generalized anxiety disorders probably supports the ____ perspective A. sociocultural B. psychodynamic C. humanistic-existential D. cognitive-behavioral

A

Taking rapidly, dressing flamboyantly, and getting involved in dangerous activities are _____ symptoms of mania. A. behavioral B. motivational C. cognitive D. emotional

A

The body's network of activates and cells that identify and destroy antigens and cancer cells is called the: A. immune system B. autonomic nervous system C. sympathetic nervous system D. cardiovascular system

A

The finding that many adolescents who attempted suicide know someone who has attempted suicide provides a case for which process in suicidal actions? A. Modeling B. Reinforcement C. Unconscious conflict D. Maladaptive thinking

A

The form of experiment used MOST often to study the psychological effects of unusual or unpredictable events is: A. natural B. matched design C. analogue D. single-subject

A

The individual MOST at risk of suicide is someone who: A. has become increasingly introverted and adopted an overall more pessimistic outlook B. recently escaped from an abusive environment and is now living with family C. get tapped in his or her marriage and just recently divorced D. is a devout Muslim

A

The most appropriate motto for someone with generalized anxiety disorder is: A. "Better safe than sorry." B. "Life's a gamble; give it your best shot." C. "When you reach the mountaintop, it's hard to come back down." D. "Nothing ventured, nothing gained."

A

The stated and unstated rules for proper conduct that a society establishes are referred to as: A. norma B. culture C. morality D. conventions

A

The therapy found to be most effective for treating schizophrenia is: A. drug therapy B. Gestalt therapy C. electroconvulsive therapy D. cognitive-behavioral therapy

A

Which model is the MOST likely to predict that transference will occur during therapy? A. Psychodynamic B. Cognitive C. Humanistic-existential D. Behavioral

A

Which theoretical orientation would support the finding that there is a significant relationship between positive life events and feelings of life satisfaction and happiness? A. Cognitive-behavioral B. Biochemical C. Existential D. Psychanalytic

A

A clinician's knowledge that a person about to be interviewed has already been diagnosed as having an anxiety disorder could lead to: A. reactivity B. observer bias C. observer drift D. cross-situational invalidity

B

A patient has social anxiety disorder. Which is an example of a biological treatment for this condition? A. having the patient engage in activities that elicit anxiety B. prescribing an anti-depressant medication such as paroxetine C. teaching the patient how to effectively challenge negative thoughts D. encouraging the patient to cultivate relationships with others who have similar anxieties

B

A pattern of anxiety, insomnia, depression, and flashbacks that begins shortly after a traumatic event and persists for less than a month is called: A. hysteria B. acute stress disorder C. generalized anxiety disorder D. posttraumatic stress disorder

B

A therapist using free association and dream interpretation discovers that as a small child her client had been left alone by her mother on several occasions. The therapist concludes that the patient is experiencing unipolar depression. The therapist is MOST likely from which orientation? A. Cognitive B. Psychodynamic C. Behavioral D. Humanistic

B

According to Seligman's research, dogs that were initially exposed to inescapable electric shocks learned to _____ when given the opportunity to avoid subsequent escapable shocks. A. quickly escape B. do nothing C. engage in novel behaviors D. bark and whimper

B

After Caroline's plane crashes but she survived, her mother came to her. Her friends visited often and went to lunch and dinner with Caroline occasionally. This situation probably contributed to Caroline's coping ability after the accident. How does this relate as a factor to her response to stress? A. Personality B. Social support C. Severity of the Trauma D. Nature of her childhood experiences

B

Assume that a recent local suicide attempt was clearly a case of modeling. The person who would MOST likely model another's suicide would be a(n): A. preteen B. teenager C. middle-age adult D. older adult

B

Brooklyn learns to turn on the TV by watching her older brother turn it on. This form of learning is called: A. shaping B. modeling C. operant conditioning D. classical conditioning

B

Easton saw his best friends shot and killed by a gunman who was driving through his neighborhood. A month later, Easton is in a psychologist's office complaining that he cannot work; everything seems hopeless. He has several other symptoms consistent with these complaints. Based on this data, te diagnosis would Most likely be: A. recurrent depression B. reactive depression C. endogenous depression D. melancholic depression

B

Research on the relationship between religious beliefs and psychological health shows that people: A. without any religious belief are the healthiest B. who are devout and see God as caring and helpful are the healthiest. C. who believe in a higher being are the healthiest D. who are not religious cope better with life stressors such as war and illness

B

The MOST common mental disorders in the United States are A. mood disorders B. anxiety disorders C. personality disorders D. sexual disorders

B

The MOST legitimate criticism of intelligence tests concerns their: A. validity B. cultural fairness C. reliability D. standardization

B

The children GREATEST risk for suicide is one who: A. is not allowed to get a pet but keeps asking for one B. has experienced family stress dish as parental unemployment or abuse C. does not fully understand death D. engages with friends but also likes to spend time playing alone

B

The clinician who would be MOST likely to ask, "Do you believe you will always feel this in all situations?" is a(n): A. psychodynamic clinician B. existential clinician C. cognitive-behavioral clinician D. sociocultural clinician

B

The interdependence that exists between events or characteristics is described as: A. matching B. correlation C. mulivariable D. clinical significance

B

The model of abnormality that examines the effects of society and culture is the ____ model. A. behavioral B. sociocultural C. psychodynamic D. humanistic-existenital

B

The therapy for generalized anxiety disorder developed by Albert Ellis is called: A. behavior modification B. rational-emotive therapy C. self-instruction training D. stress inoculation training

B

Theory focused on the behaviors people exhibit and the thoughts they have is usually described as: A. biological B. cognitive-behavioral C. sociocultural D. object realtions

B

Which statement about the relationship between religion and suicide is MOST accurate? A. a country's economic status is a more important predictor of suicide rates than its major religion B. The degree of a person's devoutness is a more important predictor of suicide than his or her specific religion C. Counties that have high Jewish ad Muslim populations also have high suicide rates D. Religion is a more important predictor of suicide risk for women than it is for men, especially in Catholic countries.

B

With regard to accessing the effectiveness of the various models of abnormality, which model BEST lends itself to laboratory testing? A. Psychodynamic B. Cognitive-behavioral C. Humanistic-existential D. Sociocultural

B

Darla thinks she has bad luck. She repeatedly says "Bad things just happen to me. It doesn't matter what I do. If it can go wrong it will. And it always does." How does this thinking relate to the development of stress disorders? A. There is no correlation between the two B. She is less likely to develop a stress disorder C. She is more susceptible to a stress disorder D. She will definitely develop a stress disorder during her lifetime

C

For people to decide about participating in psychological research, they must be given full knowledge of the nature of the study and their rights. This principle is called: A. risk disclosure B. benefit analysis C. informed consent D. privacy

C

If racial and ethnic disparities regarding access to treatment did not exist in the United States, then you would expect to observe which of the following? A. A decrease in the prevalence of depression across all racial and ethnic groups B. An equal prevalence of depression across all racial and ethnic groups C. An increase in the percentage of Hispanic Americans and African Americans who recieve treatment for depression D. An increase in the percentage of all racial and ethnic groups who receive treatment for depression

C

The _____ model proposes that humans must have an accurate self awareness and live meaningful lives to be psychologically well adjusted: A. psychodynamic B. cognitive-behavioral C. humanistic-existential D. biological

C

The leading cause of death globally, resulting in 17 million deaths worldwide each year, is: A. asthma B. hypertension C. coronary heart disease D. muscle contraction headache

C

The theory that states people develop generalized anxiety disorders because they failed to recieve unconditional positive regard as children and evaluate themselves with conditions of worth is: A. Pavlov's conditioning theory B. Freud's psychoanalytic theory C. Rogers's client-centered theory D. Ellis's rational-emotive theory

C

if a person experienced anxiety or depression following a significant natural disaster, we should stay that that person was: A. suffering from a mental illness B. deviant but not dangerous C. exhibiting a typical reaction D. statistically deviant

C

which person would NOT be considered abnormal, despite the fact that the person's behavior is dysfunctional? A. someone who is too confused to drive safely B. someone who parties so much that he or she cannot go to class C. someone who goes on a hunger strike to protest social justice D. someone who cannot stay alone for even one night

C

A correlational study of college employees shows a strong positive correlation between self-reported stress levels and days of work missed for illness, allowing the researcher to conclude that: A. stress causes illness B. illness causes stress C. some other variable causes both increases in stress levels and illness D. The researcher can make a fairly accurate prediction of days a person will miss for illness if the person's stress level is known

D

A patient sees a therapist to help her address her eating disorder. The therapist focuses only on issues specifically related to this problem. This therapy is best described as: A. relational psychoanalytic B. psychoanalysis C. extended psychoanalytic therapy D. short-term psychodynamic therapy

D

A researcher designed an experiment to study the cause of aggression in children. Half the children ate a sugared cereal; the other half ate cornflakes. The researcher then recorded the number of aggressive acts displayed by the children in a one-hour play period after breakfast. In this experiment, _____ is the dependent variable and ____ is the independent variable. A. sugared cereal; cornflakes B. the play period; the number of aggressive responses C. breakfast; the length of the play period D. the number of aggressive responses; cornflakes

D

A weakness of the biological model of abnormal behavior is that: A. most people are reluctant to try biological treatment B. this model dismisses the effect of non-biological factors on behavior C. there is limited research supporting biological causes of mental illness D. The affectedness of biological treatments cannot be objectively evaluated

D

Retrospective analysis involves: A. interviewing those thought to e a high risk for suicide B. developing a suicide profile , especially for mental patients and prisoners C. studying people who survive suicide attempts D. gathering information about suicide victim's past.

D

The ______ theoretical perspective suggests that suicide is caused by the loss of loved ones and self-directed aggression. A. cognitive-behavioral B. humanistic C. biological D. psychodynamic

D

The theoretical position that explains te origin of anxiety disorders as the overrun of defense mechanism by neurotic or moral anxiety it the ____ approach A. cognitive-behavioral B. humanistic C. sociocultural D. psychodynamic

D

Using "the four Ds" to define abnormal behavior: A. allows us to create diagnoses that are clear cut and not debatable B. allows us to eliminate those who are merely eccentric C. allows us to include those who experience no distress D. is still often vague and subjective

D

What theoretical orientation would support the finding that Westerners experience more psychological symptoms of depression than do others around the world? A. Biochemical B. Cognitive-behavioral C. Psychoanalytic D. Sociocultural

D

Which is NOT an example of an immediate stressor? A. loss of a loved on through death B. natural disaster C. loss of a job D. serious illness

D

in the middle ages, the model of mental illness that MOST people believed in was the: A. moral model B. medical model C. psychogenic model D. demonology model

D