Psych 330 exam 2 attempt one
Zero-sum beliefs is the perspective that __________. Good people deserve good things while bad people deserve bad things A gain of something for one person is a loss for another When individuals engage in competition, they are more likely to feel prejudice toward that group Some groups are not worth paying attention to
A gain of something for one person is a loss for another
Which of the following statements is false about social identities? Everyone has more than one social identity they form. A social identity only forms in a minimal groups paradigm. The situation can impact which social identity one thinks about most. All of these statements are false.
A social identity only forms in a minimal groups paradigm.
Optimal distinctiveness is _____________. The ability of children to differentiate between those who are different than others in things like race or gender Support for society to view uniqueness and diversity more positively A social identity that allows one to feel unique enough from others A goal to focus on an identity that encompasses as many people as possible (e.g. all humans on Earth)
A social identity that allows one to feel unique enough from others
What element would need to be true for prejudice to be viewed as a mental disorder? All of these are correct. Prejudice would need to be uncommon in one's society. Prejudice would need to be distressing to the person who is prejudiced. Prejudice would need to cause dysfunction in one's daily life for the person who is prejudiced.
All of these are correct.
How might one try to deal with the feeling of cognitive dissonance? All of these are methods one might use to reduce cognitive dissonance Rationalize their behavior Deny there's any disconnect Minimize the importance of the discrepancy
All of these are methods one might use to reduce cognitive dissonance
When we view an outgroup as homogeneous, ____________. We see them as less unique. We are more likely to dehumanize them. We are more likely to feel negatively towards them. All of these elements are true.
All of these elements are true.
What theory of prejudice created a hierarchy to demonstrate different types of prejudice and discrimination (e.g. harassment and genocide)? Realistic group conflict theory Implicit prejudice Socoiofunctional threat theory Allport's model of prejudice
Allport's model of prejudice
Stereotype lift occurs when ___________. A group performs better when performing a task with other ingroup members An individual performs worse on a task because of a primed identity An individual performs better on a task because of a primed identity A group performs worse when performing a task with other ingroup members
An individual performs better on a task because of a primed identity
"Women should never be allowed to carry heavy bags. That's just not okay." This is an example of ________. Implicit prejudice Benevolent prejudice Allport's model of prejudice Stereotype threat
Benevolent Prejudice
Which of the following is a true statement regarding types of prejudice? Benevolent prejudice refers to prejudice that one may intend to be positive. Aversive prejudice refers to individuals who engage in collective action to try to reduce prejudice. Internal prejudice refers to avoiding people who identify with certain groups so that the prejudiced person feels less uncomfortable. Explicit prejudice refers to our tendency to view outgroups as heterogeneous.
Benevolent prejudice refers to prejudice that one may intend to be positive.
Which of the following results was not shown or discussed regarding the blue-eyed/brown-eyed experiment? Children _______________. Acted on stereotypes they knew were arbitrarily created Blamed the teacher for difficulties they faced later in life Were eager to have others be stigmatized so they wouldn't be anymore Exhibited negative symptoms relevant to experiencing discrimination even when they knew it was based on an arbitrarily created identity
Blamed the teacher for difficulties they faced later in life
Old fashioned prejudice is also known as _____________. Blatant prejudice Aversive prejudice Implicit prejudice Symbolic prejudice
Blatant Prejudice
Clarks' doll study found that __________________. Girls preferred more passive toys like dolls while boys preferred more active toys like cars Children engaged in higher discrimination if their parents were also high in prejudice Children usually saw a White doll as nicer, smarter, and more kind than a Black doll All of these things to be true.
Children usually saw a White doll as nicer, smarter, and more kind than a Black doll
Adolescents tend to display high prejudice if they __________. Are naturally higher in testosterone Do not have a strong social support group Were raised by parents with low levels of explicit bias Compare themselves to their peers and feel a sense of threat to an important social identity
Compare themselves to their peers and feel a sense of threat to an important social identity
An internal attribution ________________. Explains behavior by focusing on positive elements Explains behavior by seeing things through "rose-colored glasses." Explains behavior based on something inherently unique to the individual. Explains behavior based on one's environment.
Explains behavior based on something inherently unique to the individual.
Social-cognitive developmental theory ______________. Explains how some people grow up to be completely without bias Operates similarly to social identity theory Explains prejudice by recognizing the different cognitive abilities a child acquires at different stages of their life Is the process of learning prejudice through socialization
Explains prejudice by recognizing the different cognitive abilities a child acquires at different stages of their life
Attributions are ____________. Always negative Always positive Explanations we give to explain someone else's behavior The same as benevolent prejudice
Explanations we give to explain someone else's behavior
Lars is aware of his views towards older adults. He thinks they are unintelligent, slow, and annoying. This type of prejudice is known as _________. Benevolent prejudice Explicit prejudice All of these are correct Aversive prejudice
Explicit prejudice
One way to measure explicit prejudice, is to ____________. Subtly prime different identities All of these are ways of measuring explicit prejudice Give people a survey about how one feels towards individuals from different groups See how close an individual sits next to someone else
Give people a survey about how one feels towards individuals from different groups
Which of the following is an example of minimal groups? Groups formed based on an individual's favorite color All of these are examples of minimal groups Groups formed based on race or ethnicity Groups formed based on gender
Groups formed based on an individual's favorite color
Bubba does not believe that he has bias towards individuals on food stamps. However, his bias becomes obvious in more ambiguous situations; basically, he becomes less likely to give the benefit of the doubt to individuals on food stamps compared to those not on food stamps. Bubba is likely ________. High in implicit prejudice Low in aversive prejudice Low in implicit prejudice High in justification-suppression prejudice
High in implicit prejudice
What did Jane Elliott's study test? What type of doll children preferred The difference in prejudice between children and adults How competition impacted children's treatment of each other How quickly prejudice and discrimination can occur for arbitrary groups
How quickly prejudice and discrimination can occur for arbitrary groups
People may express prejudice because ________________.
It helps one feel better than another person or group
Why was the term "building blocks of prejudice" used when talking about research with children? It seems more appropriate than labeling children's attitudes or behavior the same as adult prejudice or discrimination. Only adolescents display preference for others based on their social groups. All of these are correct. Children are building up skills to unlearn prejudiced attitudes.
It seems more appropriate than labeling children's attitudes or behavior the same as adult prejudice or discrimination.
Being strongly identified with one's ingroup can ____________. Help create the sense of optimal distinctiveness Help buffer against effects of discrimination if your ingroup is stigmatized Lead to all of these things occurring Increase one's likelihood of engaging in collective action for one's group
Lead to all of these things occurring
If a researcher makes individuals answer demographic questions prior to completing a particular task, the researcher is _____________. Making one's identity salient Doing all of these things Making a task appear to be diagnostic Trying to avoid stereotype threat
Making one's identity salient
A person who is prejudiced is likely to ______________. None of these options are likely to apply to someone who is prejudiced Experience significant dysfunction in life Act in a way quite that deviates from the norm Experience significant danger for themselves
None of these options are likely to apply to someone who is prejudiced
Right-wing authoritarianism is specifically designed to measure ____________. One's support for conventional values Aversive prejudice All of these are correct Dislike towards Democrats
One's support for conventional values
Which of the following statements is true regarding the theory behind benevolent prejudice? All of these statements are true. This type of prejudice is almost extinct. People who express this type of prejudice are usually low in social status. People who express this type of prejudice usually think they are being kind and respectful.
People who express this type of prejudice usually think they are being kind and respectful.
Which of the following is a true statement? Aversive prejudice predicts that individuals with high levels of explicit prejudice will only show bias in ambiguous situations. All of these are correct RWA is a personality trait that is believed to vary substantially from one situation to another RWA is a measure that is meant to tap into beliefs such as how much one values traditional thinking
RWA is a measure that is meant to tap into beliefs such as how much one values traditional thinking
Cognitive dissonance is a potential consequence of ____________. Realizing one engages in behavior that one does not support Witnessing acts of discrimination directed at one's ingroup Hearing other people express prejudice Being weakly identified with one's ingroup
Realizing one engages in behavior that one does not support
Which theory suggests that prejudice occurs when we want to make our group seem better than another group? Social-cognitive theory Belief in a just world Social dominance theory Social identity theory
Social identity theory
The dishabituation paradigm is ____________. Used to measure how long it takes one to break a habit of prejudice A measure of one's explicit prejudice Used to measure how different children and adult's level of prejudice is Specifically used with infants
Specifically used with infants
What explains the effect that occurs when one performs worse on a task after being reminded of a particular group identity? Stereotype lift System justification theory Stereotype threat Stereotype content
Stereotype Threat
Someone who scores high in social dominance orientation ____________. Supports an unequal hierarchical structure of society Has a strong desire to be dominant over others Has high social status Is a political conservative
Supports an unequal hierarchical structure of society
What building blocks of prejudice do babies have by the time they are ~1 year old? The ability to recognize different faces The ability to categorize individuals based on what society values Both of these traits Neither of these traits
The ability to recognize different faces
Which of the following is a criticism of the Implicit Association Test? It may be measuring benevolent bias instead of implicit bias. The cutoff determination for a 'strong' bias is relatively arbitrary. It may result in socially desirable responding. There are too many social identities to try to study implicit prejudice.
The cutoff determination for a 'strong' bias is relatively arbitrary.
Humans naturally process various features of other humans. Which of the following is not something we automatically process? An individual's skin color Any visible, physical features like hair color An individual's general age The way another individual thinks about us
The way another individual thinks about us
Older children, of any group identity, (~7-10 years old) tend to prefer ___________. Their ingroup Lower status groups The outgroup Higher status groups
Their ingroup
What did the Robber's Cave study find? When put in a competitive group, children will engage in discrimination. Babies will spend a longer time looking at a new object. Children were more likely to steal from other kids rather than adults. Adults engage in more discrimination than children.
When put in a competitive group, children will engage in discrimination.
Which type of system justification includes questions such as "In general, you find society to be fair" and "Society is set up so that people usually get what they deserve"? Gender system justification Stereotype content system justification None of these are correct Internalization of inferiority system justification
none of these are correct
