psych Chapter 11 pt 1

According to Galen, the ________ person is passionate, ambitious, and bold.

choleric

Cattell used the statistical technique called ____________.

factor analysis

________ describes a proportion of difference among people that is attributed to genetics.

heritability

Tammy has a positive view of challenges: She views them as tasks to be mastered. She develops a deep interest in and a strong commitment to becoming a good teacher. When she doesn't pass her first teaching praxis, she quickly recovers and works to overcome the setback. Albert Bandura would say Tammy has _______

high self efficacy

A(an) ________ complex refers to the feeling that one lacks worth and doesn't measure up to the standards of others or of society.

inferiority

When Marcos is unhappy, he is mean to other children; he calls them names and behaves aggressively toward them. He often manipulates his peers into doing what he wants. What coping strategy is Marcos using?

moving against people

When Fay feels anxious, she retreats to her closet with a flashlight, using the closet as a private hideaway. What coping strategy is Fay using

moving away from people

When Imogene feels anxiety, she clings to her mother and father for affection and reassurance. What coping strategy is Imogene using?

moving toward people

Karen Horney described three coping styles when dealing with anxiety. Which of the following is not one of them?

moving with people

Self-efficacy is ________.

our level of confidence in our own abilities

Carl Jung referred to the ________ as the mask we adopt.

persona

Dr. Grimes conducts a ________ by requesting that his patient respond to ambiguous stimuli, thus revealing hidden feelings, impulses, and desires.

projective test

Which of the following is not part of Albert Bandura's social cognitive theory?

reaction formation

According to Abraham Maslow, the highest need is ________.

self- actualization

Which of the following was one of Alfred Adler's main contributions to personality theory?

suggesting that our birth order shapes our personality

In Carl Jung's view, the task of integrating unconscious archetypal aspects of the self is part of ________ in the second half of life.

the self-realization process

Raymond Cattell advanced the study of personality by:

using factor analysis

In Hippocrates theory of personality, what bodily humor was associated with choleric temperament?

yellow bile from the liver

Who developed social-cognitive theory?

Albert Bandura

What was the main idea behind Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development?

An individual's personality develops throughout the lifespan.

Because we have developed certain response tendencies, ________ believed that we demonstrate consistent behavior patterns.

BF Skinner

Who believed that our personality traits are influenced by our genetic inheritance?

Hans and Sybil Eysenck

What is the main idea of the behavioral perspective on personality?

Personality is significantly shaped by the reinforcements and consequences outside of the organism.

Jessica believes that she succeeds in high school because she works hard, earned a place on the basketball team because she practices constantly, and cooks well because she takes cooking classes. Julian Rotter would say that Jessica has ________.

an internal locus of control

Many cultures have stories about a hero who goes on a quest, such as Hercules, King Arthur, and Gilgamesh. What would Carl Jung say this exemplified?

archetype

Who proposed the locus of control concept?

Julian Rotter

Who suggested that men have womb envy because they cannot give birth?

Karen Horney

who developed the first comprehensive theory of personality.

Sigmund Freud

Ingrid is energized by being alone, speaks slowly and softly, and avoids attention. Carl Jung would call her a(an) ________.

introvert

What is the developmental task of Erik Erikson's second stage of psychosexual development, in which a sense of independence in many tasks develops?

autonomy vs. shame/doubt

The ________ refers to the common psychological tendencies that have been passed down from one generation to the next.

collective unconscious

________ is a state of being in which our thoughts about our real and ideal selves are very similar.

congruence

The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) is a projective test ________.

consists of 19 ambiguous pictures and 1 blank card

Ina can no longer read the street signs, but she refuses to admit she needs glasses to drive. Which defense mechanism does this exemplify?

denial

According to Sigmund Freud, an adult who smokes, drinks, overeats, or bites her nails is fixated in the ________ stage of her psychosexual development.

oral

A(an) ________ locus of control is the belief that our outcomes are outside of our control; an ________ locus of control is the belief that we control our own outcomes.

external; internal

Hans and Sybil Eysenck viewed people as having two specific personality dimensions:

extrovert; introvert

A technique called _____________ reveals statistical similarities among a wide variety of items.

factor analysis

What is the developmental task of Erik Erikson's seventh stage of psychosocial development, in which individuals contribute to society and focus on being a part of a family?

generativity vs. stagnation

As the "third force" in psychology, ________ is touted as a reaction both to the pessimistic determinism of psychoanalysis and to the behaviorists' view of humans passively reacting to the environment.

humanism

Kim believed he failed his math class because the test was too hard, passed his psychology class because the professor passed every student in the class, and didn't get the internship because the manager didn't like him. Julian Rotter would say that Kim has ________.

an external locus of control

How can parents help their children achieve high congruence?

giving them unconditional love

What is the developmental task of Erik Erikson's eighth stage of psychosocial development, in which an individual assesses and makes sense of her life and the meaning of her contributions?

integrity vs. despair

During which period are sexual feelings dormant as children focus on other pursuits, such as school, friendships, hobbies, and sports?

latency

Dan avoids applying to college because he doubts he can succeed. He is working a retail job, but he tends to focus on the things he does wrong. In fact, he has almost no confidence in his abilities, and when he experiences a setback at work he is ready to quit. Albert Bandura would say Dan has ________.

low self- efficacy

Creative, fair-minded, and impulsive are examples of ____________.

personality traits

Immanuel Kant used the terms persistent, steadfast, and calm to describe a ________ person.

phlegmatic

The ________ is composed of a series of true and false questions in order to establish an individual's clinical profile.

Minnesota Multiphasic personality inventory (MMPI)

What is the main difference between Sigmund Freud and the neo-Freudians?

Neo- Freudians reduced the emphasis on sex

Which statement summarizes the main idea of reciprocal determinism?

Our behavior, cognitive processes, and situational context all influence each other.

Which of the following theorists is not neo-Freudian?

Albert Bandura

The ________ Inkblot Test employs a series of symmetrical inkblot cards that are presented to a client by a psychologist in an effort to reveal the person's unconscious desires, fears, and struggles.

Rorschach

Which question was central to the marshmallow test?

Would you be able to resist getting a small reward now in order to get a larger reward later?