Psych Chapter 6

If you lived in a cave with no cues to indicate time, your circadian rhythms would gradually conform to a ____ hour day.

25

Which statement is true regarding addiction to a drug?

Addiction can involve physical and/or psychological symptoms.

Shy Sherman is drinking some punch that has been spiked with alcohol. Within an hour, Sherman is talking loudly, acting silly, and telling people what he really thinks about them. Shy Sherman is acting this way because alcohol is a(n)

CNS depressant drug

Heidi has been using psychoactive drugs. She appears extremely alert and euphoric. She sometimes has hallucinations. Her physical and psychological dependence is moderate to high. Which category of psychoactive drugs is Heidi using?

CNS stimulating drugs

Which of the following individuals would make the best hypnotic subject?

Carden, who very much wants to be hypnotized

Which disorder is correlated with individuals spending a greater portion of their sleeping time in REM?

Depression

Kevin has volunteered to be a participant in a study on sleep. In studying Kevin's brain activity while he is sleeping, the researcher will most likely use a(n) ____.

EEG

Which of the following people is most likely experiencing REM sleep?

Gene, who is paralyzed because of his stage of sleep

Internal biological clocks interact with external stimuli, referred to by the ____.

German term zeitgebers

Michael wants to use hypnosis to help him swim faster. What should you tell him research reveals about hypnosis being used in this way?

Hypnosis can enhance physical performance through promoting a relaxed state, but these benefits can also be realized in other ways.

Regarding hypnosis, which of the following statements is TRUE?

Hypnosis is an altered state characterized by narrowed attention and increased openness to suggestion.

Which of the following effects would you least expect to experience if you had ingested a large amount of alcohol?

Increased alertness and response speed

Why is methadone used as a treatment for heroin addiction?

It creates fewer withdrawal symptoms and a less intense high.

Which psychologist suggested that consciousness becomes both more complex and more intense as you ascend the animal kingdom?

James

Who would make the best hypnotic subject?

Jerome, who very much wants to be hypnotized

Aurora talks to her therapist about a recurring dream in which she encounters a ferocious lion that has just escaped from local zoo. She works with her therapist to learn how to form a conscious awareness of the dream and to control the dream by turning the lion into a kitten. What technique is Aurora utilizing?

Lucid dreaming

Which of the following individuals is most likely experiencing REM sleep?

Mei Ling, whose body is paralyzed by her stage of sleep

Which of the following brain imaging methods promise to improve the diagnosis of disorders of consciousness, while also shedding light on consciousness itself?

PET and fMRI

Meditation is considered a distinct state of consciousness because

PET and fMRI scans reveal changes in the activity of the frontal lobes of the brain.

When people are deprived of _____ sleep, they compensate for the loss directly and show a rebound effect to recover from the loss

REM

Dr. Abboud strongly advises Jason and Nichelle to make sure their infant does not sleep face down on soft surfaces. She states that such a sleeping position has been highly correlated to a fatal infant disorder known as ____, even though exposure to cigarette smoke and genetic factors may also play a role

SIDS

Charlise has been diagnosed with Capgras syndrome by her physician. Which symptom is she most likely to demonstrate?

She will assume that her husband is not her real husband and has been replaced by an imposter.

Marcus is currently craving a "hit" of his preferred drug and does not think he can go much longer without having some. Which area of the brain is most active when such cravings occur?

The insula

Ginnie ingests a particular drug and experiences a loss of contact with reality and distorted sensory input. This drug is most likely

a hallucinogenic drug.

A group on the quad is advocating marijuana use to increase academic achievement. You remember reading about this in your psychology textbook and report to your friends that studies have found

a negative correlation between marijuana usage and academic achievement.

After suffering a stroke, Gayle is in a longer-term waking state in which she exhibits no signs of awareness. Gayle is exhibiting which disorder of consciousness?

a persistent vegetative state

The three most widely used psychoactive drugs in U.S. society are ____.

alcohol, nicotine, and caffeine

Long-distance running, listening to music, sleep, and daydreaming are just some of the everyday ways to produce

altered states of consciousness.

Varying states of awareness are best monitored using ____, which provides an overall measure of brain activity.

an electroencephalogram

Any repeating cycle of biological activity, such as sleep and waking cycles or changes in body temperature, is known as a(n)

biological rhythm

If you are hypnotized in order to achieve pain relief, you should expect that hypnosis would ____.

change the perception of pain

Dr. Sanchez is a behavioral psychologist who studies learning and memory in rats. Because rats are most active at night, she asks the animal resource facility to reverse their light dark cycle to accommodate her experiments. However, the animal facility is reluctant to disrupt the rats' current ____, which lasts for "about a day."

circadian rhythm

Geoff takes a highly addictive drug that activates the brain's painkilling and mood-altering systems. Geoff may have taken any of the following drugs except

cocaine

Your mental awareness of sensations and perceptions of external events as well as your self-awareness of internal events including thoughts, memories, and feelings about experiences and the self are referred to collectively as your

consciousness

After reading about the effects of prayer or meditation in your psychology book, you decide to try it. Which of the following benefits is most likely to result from your regular practice of meditation?

decreased anxiety

Alcohol is to ____ as caffeine is to ____.

depressant; stimulant

Which neurotransmitter activates the reward seeking system of the brain that connects the structures of the midbrain with the basal ganglia?

dopamine

Duncan is addicted to heroin and has to keep increasing his dosage to get the same effects. This effect of addiction is called

drug tolerance.

After switching to decaffeinated coffee, Hamid has been feeling sluggish in the mornings and has a headache in the afternoons. Hamid's symptoms seem to reflect

drug withdrawal

If you were deprived of sleep for a couple of nights, you would most likely ____.

experience microsleeps until you could get a longer night's sleep

In one study, normal individuals and patients in a persistent vegetative state were administered a mildly painful stimulus. Only the normal individuals in this study showed activity in which area of the brain on the PET scan?

frontal cortical regions

Dr. Tran, a pediatric psychiatrist, cautions his colleagues against prescribing stimulants for long-term use to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder because of the risk of ____.

growth suppression

Jacob is dreaming. If this is all the information that you have, you can state that Jacob

is probably in REM sleep

An individual has been taking a drug regularly for an extended period of time and cannot seem to stop. However, this person is taking the same dosage of when they began and experiences the same effects each time. These circumstances indicate the person

is psychologically dependent

A person has been taking a drug regularly for an extended period and cannot seem to stop. However, she is taking the same dosage as when she began and experiences the same effects. These circumstances indicate that she

is psychologically dependent.

Which of the following is the opposite of being "spaced out," that is, the opposite of having occasional moments of reduced awareness?

mindfulness

Psychoactive drugs achieve their effects in all of the following ways except

mutating neurotransmitter receptors.

When we first fall asleep, we enter into ____.

non-REM sleep

A faith healer claims to cure cancer by asking people to become aware of their livers and to control the liver's removal of impurities from the bloodstream. You know that this is impossible because the activities of the liver occur at the __________ level.

nonconscious

On average, resetting your circadian rhythms when traveling takes about ____ for each hour of time change.

one day

How do opiates compare with CNS-stimulating and CNS-depressing drugs?

opiates depress activity in parts of the cerebral cortex and create excitation in other parts

The suprachiasmatic nucleus is ____.

our internal clock influencing sleep and wakefulness

Arianna has been drinking coffee daily for the past ten years. She says she needs the caffeine to stay awake in her classes and simply to get through the day. If she does not drink coffee on one day, she experiences severe headaches, fatigue and shakiness. Arianna is most likely _____ dependent on caffeine and is experiencing _____

physically; drug withdrawal

In an unbelievably complicated plot too detailed to fully unfold here, someone has hypnotized a baroness to smirk and raise her left eyebrow when anyone says, "grilled cheese with Brussels sprouts." What technique has been used on the baroness?

posthypnotic suggestion

Dr. Taniguchi's specialty is psychopharmacology. That means that she studies

psychoactive drugs

The activation-synthesis theory says that dreams result from ____.

random and meaningless chemical and neural activity in the brain

Mina is seeing a therapist for depression. After several sessions, Mina's therapist recommends that she undergo light therapy and take antidepressant medication. Mina likely suffers from which disorder?

seasonal affective disorder

Research indicates that marijuana use is associated with all of the following except

severe withdrawal symptoms

Penelope crams for her psychology final by staying up all night before the exam. What is a likely consequence of Penelope's actions?

she will likely perform significantly below her fullest potential because she decreased her capacity to remember material

Which of the following is not a theory about why we need sleep

sleep provides time alone, away from social interaction

Nicotine is a ____.

stimulant

Nicotine is a(n) ____, whereas marijuana is a(n) ____.

stimulant; hallucinogen

The ________ test involves reading words that say one color (e.g., "green") while being printed in a different color. It has been used to demonstrate some of the effectiveness of hypnosis.

stroop

Consciousness requires complex interactions between the cerebral cortex and the ____.

thalamus

Which part of the brain is active when a person who uses drugs weighs the "pros" and "cons" of using again?

the frontal lobes

A definition of consciousness would contain all of the following except

the function and structure of cognition

The definition of consciousness would contain all of the following except

the function and structure of cognition.

The human infant spends about half of its sleep time in REM. What is the understanding of why this is the case?

to provide the necessary stimulation for brain connections

Su Fen relaxes after work by having a glass of wine. Su Fen now drinks several glasses of wine to achieve the same effect, thus demonstrating ____.

tolerance

Your body's immune system response can be reduced ____.

with just a few nights of sleep deprivation, and recovery can occur with just a few nights of normal sleep