psych chapter 9

The continuous development approach views development as a ________.

cumulative process

What is the primary psychosocial milestone of childhood?

developing a positive sense of self

Crawling, walking, writing, dressing, naming colors, speaking in sentences, and starting puberty are all examples of ________.

developmental milestones

Theorists who view development as ________ believe that development takes place in unique stages.

discontinuous

Jamaal is participating in the Strange Situation experiment. When his mother returns, he freezes, and then behaves erratically. In fact, he runs away from his mother. What kind of attachment is this?

disorganized

Grasping a toy, writing with a pencil, and using a spoon are all examples of ________ motor skills.

fine

Balancing, running, and jumping are all examples of ________ motor skills.

gross

One-year-old Allan learned the schema for trucks because his family has a truck. When Allan sees trucks on television, he says, "Look mommy, truck!" This exemplifies ________.

assimilation

Which term refers to the adjustment of a schema by adding information similar to what is already known?

assimilation

_____ is a long-standing connection or bond with others.

attachment

Which parenting style is most encouraged in modern America?

authoritative

During the ________ stage, children understand events and analogies logically, and they can perform simple mathematical operations.

concrete operational

A developmental psychologist might use ________ to observe how children behave on a playground, at a daycare center, or in the child's own home.

naturalistic observation

_______ development involves growth and changes in the body and brain, the senses, motor skills, and health and wellness.

physical

During Jean Piaget's ________ stage, the world is experienced through senses and actions.

sensorimotor

Frank takes his six-month-old daughter to daycare. A substitute provider is there, and his daughter begins crying. She clings to her father and hides her face. What does this exemplify?

stranger anxiety

Stage theories hold that the sequence of development is ________.

universal

What does the normative approach ask regarding the lifespan?

what is normal development?

18-month-old Graehm learned the schema for apples. When Graehm sees tomatoes at the grocery store, he says, "Look mommy, apples!" His mother tells him that the food he sees at the store is a tomato, not an apple. He now has separate schemata for tomatoes and apples. This exemplifies ________.

accommodation

Adolescents (ages 12-18) experiment with and develop a sense of who they are and what roles they want to play. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?

identity vs. confusion

Once children reach the preschool stage (ages 3-6 years), they are capable of originating activities and asserting control over their world through social interactions and play. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?

initiative vs. guilt

After age 65, most people are attempting to assess their lives and make sense of life and the meaning of their contributions. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?

integrity vs. despair

People in early adulthood (20s through early 40s) are ready to establish emotional closeness and maintain relationships with others. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?

intimacy vs. isolation

________ development involves emotions, personality, and social relationships.

psychosocial

______ are concepts (mental models) that are used to help us categorize and interpret information.

schemata