psych chapter 9
The continuous development approach views development as a ________.
cumulative process
What is the primary psychosocial milestone of childhood?
developing a positive sense of self
Crawling, walking, writing, dressing, naming colors, speaking in sentences, and starting puberty are all examples of ________.
developmental milestones
Theorists who view development as ________ believe that development takes place in unique stages.
discontinuous
Jamaal is participating in the Strange Situation experiment. When his mother returns, he freezes, and then behaves erratically. In fact, he runs away from his mother. What kind of attachment is this?
disorganized
Grasping a toy, writing with a pencil, and using a spoon are all examples of ________ motor skills.
fine
Balancing, running, and jumping are all examples of ________ motor skills.
gross
One-year-old Allan learned the schema for trucks because his family has a truck. When Allan sees trucks on television, he says, "Look mommy, truck!" This exemplifies ________.
assimilation
Which term refers to the adjustment of a schema by adding information similar to what is already known?
assimilation
_____ is a long-standing connection or bond with others.
attachment
Which parenting style is most encouraged in modern America?
authoritative
During the ________ stage, children understand events and analogies logically, and they can perform simple mathematical operations.
concrete operational
A developmental psychologist might use ________ to observe how children behave on a playground, at a daycare center, or in the child's own home.
naturalistic observation
_______ development involves growth and changes in the body and brain, the senses, motor skills, and health and wellness.
physical
During Jean Piaget's ________ stage, the world is experienced through senses and actions.
sensorimotor
Frank takes his six-month-old daughter to daycare. A substitute provider is there, and his daughter begins crying. She clings to her father and hides her face. What does this exemplify?
stranger anxiety
Stage theories hold that the sequence of development is ________.
universal
What does the normative approach ask regarding the lifespan?
what is normal development?
18-month-old Graehm learned the schema for apples. When Graehm sees tomatoes at the grocery store, he says, "Look mommy, apples!" His mother tells him that the food he sees at the store is a tomato, not an apple. He now has separate schemata for tomatoes and apples. This exemplifies ________.
accommodation
Adolescents (ages 12-18) experiment with and develop a sense of who they are and what roles they want to play. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?
identity vs. confusion
Once children reach the preschool stage (ages 3-6 years), they are capable of originating activities and asserting control over their world through social interactions and play. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?
initiative vs. guilt
After age 65, most people are attempting to assess their lives and make sense of life and the meaning of their contributions. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?
integrity vs. despair
People in early adulthood (20s through early 40s) are ready to establish emotional closeness and maintain relationships with others. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?
intimacy vs. isolation
________ development involves emotions, personality, and social relationships.
psychosocial
______ are concepts (mental models) that are used to help us categorize and interpret information.
schemata