PSYCH chapter 9 (question samples)

Melissa is 35 years old and just took the GRE. She is worried about her score. She does not feel she performed very well on the math portion of the exam. While her GRE score will be used by graduate school admissions, it can _____predict her performance in graduate school.

modestly

A prototype is the:

most representative example of a concept.

Makaila is able to discriminate speech sounds and can even read lips. Makaila is MOST likely about _____months of age.

4

Those who learn sign language as teens never become as fluent as children exposed to sign language from birth. This reflects that childhood is a(n) _____for mastering aspects of language.

Critical period

According to _____, parents should praise their children for _____.

Dweck; effort

_____is associated with a theory of intelligence proposing eight or more distinct forms of intelligence.

Gardner

School smarts are MOST similar to _____concept of _____ intelligence.

Sternberg's; analytic

Although people may use trial and error to solve a problem, they are guaranteed to find the solution by following a step-by-step procedure, otherwise known as a(n) _____.

algorithm

Every day, Jamie imagines that she will win her gymnastics competition. She imagines receiving a medal and the cheers from the crowd. The visual imagery Jamie is using is called:

an outcome simulation

Because of abuse and neglect, Marcy was not exposed to spoken or signed language until age 10. Research suggests that her ability to master:

any language is lost

Because of an automobile accident, Jenny suffered damage to her cerebral cortex in Broca's area. Jenny is MOST likely to experience:

aphasia

Micah is 8 years old and loves to draw. He has loved to draw since he could hold a pencil. His art work is so good that it far exceeds the artistic abilities of his peers. His parents have decided to enroll him in art classes. Micah's parents are practicing:

appropriate developmental placement.

Dr. Rich is a scientist who studies social influences on behavior. Dr. Rich has published ten articles and three scientific books in the past three years, which is quite an accomplishment for a psychological scientist. Dr. Rich is MOST likely to be in her:

early thirties

Which phenomenon is a form of social intelligence?

emotional intelligence

People who score in the upper ranges on emotional intelligence scales are likely to:

experience high-quality interactions with friends.

Sharon is just learning to speak. She says words like da-da, kitty, and ma-ma. This is not unusual because, whatever the language, when children begin to speak, they tend to use mostly:

nouns

Which process or strategy is MOST closely related to confirmation bias?

belief perseverance

Group differences and the stereotype threat can partially be countered by having students focus on the idea that intelligence is:

changeable

The authors of the textbook ask whether people are indeed wise humans. The authors assign their highest grade—an A—to human:

cognitive efficiency.

The developmental psychologist Lev Vygotsky was one of a group of people born in Russia in the late nineteenth century. As a group, they experienced war, starvation, and revolution. The term _____refers to a group of people born within a few years of each other.

cohort

Pigeons can reliably discriminate pictures of cars from pictures of chairs. This BEST illustrates their capacity to develop:

concepts

_____thinking involves narrowing available problem solutions to the single best solution.

convergent

In Sternberg's terms, _____intelligence drives one's ability to adjust to different environments.

creative

Students who have spent time living abroad and experiencing other cultures are more adept at:

creative problem solving.

_____is the ability to produce ideas that are both novel and valuable.

creativity

Maggie, a graduate student at a local university, is interested in the impact of the No Child Left Behind legislation on intelligence. As a result of this, she gives an intelligence test to people in different age groups from 15 to 45. Maggie is conducting a(n) _____study.

cross-sectional

Dr. Milano compares the performance of a group of 20-year-olds, a group of 45-year-olds, and a group of 70-year-olds on several tests of fluid intelligence and several tests of crystallized intelligence. Dr. Milano's investigation BEST exemplifies a:

cross-sectional study.

Of the types of intelligence described in the textbook's discussion of aging and intelligence, _____intelligence increases with age.

crystallized

According to the principle of belief perseverance, when faced with evidence that conflicts with one's point of view on a controversial issue, one tends to:

discount the information

Of the types of intelligence described in the textbook's discussion of aging and intelligence, _____intelligence decreases with age.

fluid

Presenting an issue in a specific way that affects judgment and decision making is known as _____.

framing

The public might think the economic situation is not as bad as it really is if the government reported employment at 88 percent, rather than saying that the unemployment rate is 12 percent. Which phenomenon is influencing the public's judgment in this situation?

framing

When attempting to persuade others, it is better to focus on the positive rather than the negative. This is a characteristic of:

framing

Those who score above average on tests of mathematical aptitude are also likely to score above average on tests of verbal aptitude. According to Spearman, this BEST illustrates the importance of:

general intelligence

According to the textbook, modern researchers would likely conclude that children who are able to resist eating lollipops even when exposed to them for long periods of time:

had high levels of emotional intelligence.

Sammie is celebrating his first birthday today. He can say numerous words like da-da, kitty, and fish. Noam Chomsky would say that Sammie is able to do this effortlessly because:

he has a predisposition to learn language.

To solve a problem, people often make use of simple thinking strategies. These strategies will allow them to make judgments and solve problems efficiently by following a(n) _____.

heuristic

The similarity of intelligence test scores is _____between fraternal twins reared together than between nontwin siblings reared together, supporting the role of _____ influences on intelligence.

higher; environmental

Brody is doing quite well as the manager of a large electronics store. He writes clear memos to the staff, delegates tasks effectively, and knows how to read other employees. Robert Sternberg would predict that Brody would score:

highly on a test of practical intelligence.

The best example of a category of objects, events, ideas, and people is called a(n):

prototype

Those who emphasize the importance of the gfactor would be MOST likely to encourage:

quantifying intelligence with a single numerical score.

People who make outstanding creative contributions to the arts or sciences are MOST likely to:

receive above-average scores on tests of divergent thinking.

Tom and Linda's young infant, Jake, is just starting to pay attention to their faces when they speak to him. Jake has hit which milestone?

receptive stage

Howard Gardner proposed that intelligence is:

reflected in any of several specific abilities.

At the zoo, a chimpanzee has figured out how to use the right kind of stones to crack open the nuts thrown to him by spectators. In Skinner's terms, the chimpanzee's problem solving has been shaped by:

reinforcement

Sometimes one is prone to judge an individual based on one's notion of the category of people he or she most closely resembles. When this happens, one falls prey to the:

representativeness heuristic.

Some people who score below average on intelligence tests have an island of brilliance, which refers to some incredible ability, such as heightened musical memory. This condition is known as:

savant syndrome.

Heuristics are:

simple thinking strategies for solving problems quickly and efficiently.

Females tend to outscore males on which of these skills?

spelling, emotion detecting, and locating objects

An experiment finds that men who take a spelling test have lower scores after they read an article about how women typically outscore men on this kind of test. This finding supports which concept?

stereotype threat

Which concept is MOST likely to impact a test-taker's score on an aptitude test?

stereotype threat

Charlotte's identical twin sons are participating in a research study that includes MRI scans. The MRI findings will MOST likely indicate that:

they have very similar gray matter volume.

Scores on a test of _____will probably be at LEAST as high when one is in one's nineties as when one is in one's twenties.

vocabulary

In research studies in which subjects were asked to make a choice regarding a complex problem, they made the best decision when they:

were slightly distracted

Research on racial differences in intelligence indicates that:

on average, Black Americans perform less well than White Americans on intelligence tests.

At 17 months of age, Julie says "wada" whenever she wants a drink of water. Julie is MOST likely in the _____stage of language development.

one word

At the beginning of a race, someone asks a group of runners if they think they will come in first, they all say yes. This BEST illustrates:

overconfidence

Teresa is a Black woman scheduled to take a math aptitude test. To ensure her best performance and reduce the chance of stereotype threat, which situation would MOST likely be recommended for her?

She should have a Black woman administer the test.

Erica is a figure skater preparing for the upcoming national championships. Her coach has suggested she practice mentally for the competition. Which scenario would one recommend she imagine?

She should imagine her jumps and spins while listening to her skating music.

Emotional intelligence consists of _____component abilities.

4

Professor Johnson has a doctorate degree in psychology. This is a great accomplishment as only _____percent of Americans earn doctorate degrees.

1

A performance score on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) that is higher than all but 2 percent of all scores earns an intelligence score of:

130

Raul has begun using two-word sentences such as "Mommy food" when he talks to his parents. He is MOST likely about _____months of age.

24

Avia has just entered the babbling stage of language development. Avia is MOST likely about _____months of age.

4

After she suffered a stroke, Mrs. Estrada had so much difficulty speaking that she had to communicate by writing. This suggests that her brain damage occurred in _____area in the left hemisphere.

Broca's

After she suffered a stroke, Mrs. Jacobitz had so much difficulty speaking that she had to communicate by writing. This suggests that her brain damage occurred in:

Broca's ARea

Joel suffered a head injury after crashing his motorcycle. When he awoke from a two-day coma, he found that he could formulate his thoughts linguistically, but he had lost the ability to speak. Joel suffered damage to:

Broca's Area

Zelda was adopted when she was an infant. Her adoptive parents' intelligence test scores are in the average range. Her biological parents, on the other hand, have test scores that are well above average. When Zelda is 30, what can be predicted about her performance on an intelligence test?

It will be more similar to her biological parents' test scores.

All of these people are taking the SAT. Who is MOST likely to experience the stereotype threat?

Jarrell who is the only African-American and is taking the SAT with all White American students.

Some instructors use the generic pronoun hewhen referring to psychologists and the generic pronoun shewhen referring to administrative assistants. In students' minds, they automatically think of psychologists as men and administrative assistants as women. Why?

Linguistic determinism predicts that language shapes one's thinking.

Zac and Nina are studying for a psychology test. Zac states that heritability refers to the extent to which genes are responsible for an individual's level of a particular characteristic is genetic. Nina disagrees, stating that heritability refers to the extent to which genes are responsible for variation among individuals in a particular characteristic. Which of these students is correct?

Nina is correct.

Sherry's brother is considering adopting an infant from an orphanage that has a reputation for minimal child-caregiver interaction. A 1-year-old boy is available for adoption, but he is passive and not speaking yet. What advice would Sherry give her brother?

The chances are good that the boy will learn to talk if he is provided with responsive caregiving.

Sherry's brother is considering adopting an infant from an orphanage that has a reputation for minimal child-caregiver interaction. A 1-year-old boy is available for adoption, but he is passive and not speaking yet. What advice would Sherry give her brother? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.

The chances are good that the boy will learn to talk if he is provided with responsive caregiving.

While studying chimpanzees, _____observed that animals have the ability to display insight.

Wolfgang Köhler

Zach has been doing backflips and cartwheels since he learned to walk. He is constantly flipping around inside the house and when he is outside playing. His parents decided to enroll him in gymnastics classes. When Zach was evaluated by the coach, he was surprised that Zach had not had any formal gymnastics training in the past, noting that Zach was already at a level 4 in ability and was too advanced for recreational training. Zach was placed on the competition team. He is 6 years old. Zach's parents practiced:

appropriate developmental placement.

Four-month-old Shayna is starting to say things like ah-gooand da-da-da-da. Shayna is in the _____stage of language acquisition.

babbling

The more people examine the evidence for their point of view, the more they tend to:

become convinced they're correct

Alex was an African Grey parrot who could:

indicate which of two numbers was greater.

The sudden realization that one has solved a problem is called a(n) _____.

insight

_____, the sudden awareness of a problem's solution, is aptly represented by a light bulb over a thinker's head.

insight

Factor analysis has been used to assess whether:

intelligence is a single trait or a collection of distinct abilities.

A(n) _____is an effortless, immediate, automatic feeling or thought.

intuition

Instead of taking the time to rationally think about every decision that is faced on a daily basis, people often resort to:

intuition

The Brazilian Piraha language has words for the numbers 1 and 2. Any numbers greater than 2 are referred to as "many." Shown seven nuts in a row, people who speak this language find it difficult to lay out the same number in their own pile. This suggests that their words influence the way they think and is evidence for:

linguistic determinism.

When he was very young, William took an intelligence test as part of a research study. Decades later, William is asked if he would be willing to take another intelligence test in order to test the stability of intelligence. By agreeing to take another intelligence test, William is engaging in a(n) _____study.

longitudinal

Carl's identical twin sons are participating in a research study that includes MRI scans. The MRI findings will MOST likely indicate that:

the areas in their brains associated with verbal intelligence are very similar.

Joanne will not go out at night because she hears from her local news station about the large number of muggings and robberies that occur in her city. However, crime in Joanne's city has actually gone down in the past few years. Joanne's example illustrates:

the availability heuristic.

Robert Sternberg believed that there was/were _____type(s) of intelligence while Howard Gardner was convinced that there were _____.

three; eight

At the zoo, a group of chimpanzees has found a way to groom each other with branches from a fake tree in their cage. The younger chimpanzees invented this grooming technique and are passing it on to their peers and offspring. Thus, they are:

transmitting cultural innovations.

Shelia says things like "me go," "mama bye," and "dada go." She is in the:

two-word stage.

Identical twins Skyler and Sloane live with their biological parents. Skyler took an intelligence test when he was 9 years old and got a score of 100. Sloane took the same test. What would one predict Sloane's score to be?

very close to 100