Psych Exam 1

Norepinephrine and epinephrine are released by the _______. A) adrenal medulla B) HPA axis C) adrenal cortex D) cerebral cortex

A) adrenal medulla

Dr. Watson, from the _____ school of psychology, focused on objective, observable behavior rather than on the unconscious. A) behaviorist B) cognitive C) functionalism D) conditionalist

A) behaviorist

A stressful occurrence that occurs suddenly and generally affects many people simultaneously is considered a ______. A) cataclysmic event B) hassle C) chronic stressor D) life change

A) cataclysmic event

Sensation is the process of _____ raw sensory data from the internal and external world and transmitting it to the brain. A) detecting, converting, and transmitting B) selecting and organizing C) detecting and organizing D) selecting, receiving, and organizing

A) detecting, converting, and transmitting

Structuralism made an important contribution to the science of psychology because it ________________. A) established a model for studying mental processes scientifically. B) showed how seperate thoughts combined to form an idea C) explained why individuals experience stimuli differently D) highlighted why different scientific methods are needed to study children and animals versus studying adult humans.

A) established a model for studying mental processes scientifically.

What is a measure of the degree to which a characteristic is related to genetic, inherited factors? A) heritability B) inheritance C) the biological ratio D) the genome statistic

A) heritability

Primary appraisal refers to the idea of deciding _______. A) if a stressor is harmful, threatening, or challenging B) what types of coping strategies are available C) to use defense mechanisms to deal with a stressor D) to directly deal with the stressor

A) if a stressor is harmful, threatening, or challenging

Experiments on subliminal perception have _____. A) supported the existence of the phenomenon, but it has little or no effect on persuasion B) shown that subliminal perception occurs only among children and some adolescents C) shown that subliminal messages affect only people who are highly suggestible D) failed to support the phenomenon

A) supported the existence of the phenomenon, but it has little or no effect on persuasion

Biopsychologists emphasize _____. A) that behavior is the result of genetics and physiological processes occurring in the brain and nervous system B) the belief that biology is destiny C) the evolution of mental behavior D) that the way to understand human behavior is to first understand animal behavior

A) that behavior is the result of genetics and physiological processes occuring in the brain and nervous system

Ethnocentrism in research refers ________. A) the belief that a typical behavior in one's culture is typical of all cultures B) a researcher's inflated sense of his or her own research abilities C) a central need to include people from all races and cultures in an experiment D) an attitude among researchers that their field of study is more important than any other field

A) the belief that a typical behavior in one's culture is typical of all cultures

When there is leftover neurotransmitter in the synaptic gap, which of the following occurs? A) The leftover neurotransmitter stays in the gap. B) The process of reuptake occurs. C) The receiving neuron fires for a longer period of time. D) The sending neuron fires for a long period of time.

B) The process of reuptake occurs

Why do so many people believe in ESP, despite evidence to the contrary? A) Genetics affect their perceptions B) They selectively attend to supportive data C) Emotional responses are ignored D) Belief in ESP are based on critical thinking

B) They selectively attend to supportive data

Which of the following is correctly matched? A) heart attack: a thickening of coronary artery walls that blocks blood flow to the heart B) angina: chest pain due to the failure of the heart to pump sufficient blood to the brain C) heart attack: tissue thickening of coronary artery walls that blocks blood flow to the heart D) angina: death of heart muscle tissue

B) angina: chest pain due to a failure of the heart to pump sufficient blood to the brain

Which field studies how biological processess (e.g., genetics, brain) are related to behavioral and mental processes? A) behavioral genetics B) biopsychology C) cognitive neurology D) psychoanalytic genetics

B) biopsychology

A negative emotional state caused by having to choose between two or more incompatible goals or impulses is called _______. A) frustration B) conflict C) stress D) hostility

B) conflict

Which neurotransmitter is involved in drug addiction? A) epinephrine B) dopamine C) GABA D) serotonin

B) dopamine

Emotion-focused forms of coping are based on relieving your ______ when faced with stressful situations. A) physical ailments B) emotional reactions C) cognitive strategies D) cognitive reactions

B) emotional reactions

The H. pylori bacterium that is associated with ulcer formation: A) not affected by antibiotics B) found in 75% of people who do not have ulcers C) found in 100% of patients with ulcers D) found in 50% of people who do not have ulcers

B) found in 75% of people who do not have ulcers

Many researchers believe that _____ contributes more to people's stress levels than ______. A) major life events; hassles B) hassles; major life events C)minor violation of law; divorce D) vacation; financial problems

B) hassles; major life events

"Impossible figures" are stimuli that appear to make sense but are found to be impossible. These figures ____. A) define the correspondence between sensation and perception B) help scientists understand perceptual principles C) outline how to organize elements into a coherent whole D) define the difference between monocular and binocular cues

B) help scientists understand perceptual principles

Research suggests that people with higher _____ have less psychological stress than those with higher ______. A) external locus of control; internal locus of control B) internal locus of control; external locus of control C) emotion-focused coping styles; problem-focused coping styles D) problem-focused coping styles; emotional-focused coping styles

B) internal locus of control; external locus of control

The brain's ability to reorganize and change its structure and function throughout the life span is known as ______. A) neurogenesis B) neuroplasticity C) neurokenesis D) neuroevolution

B) neuroplasticity

Chemical messengers that are released by axons and stimulate dendrites on another neuron are called _____. A) chemical messengers B) neurotransmitters C) synaptic transmitters D) neuromessengers

B) neurotransmitters

Behaviorists were different conceptually from earlier psychologists and _______________. A) accepted the practice of introspection B) rejected the influence of unconscious forces C) believed classical conditioning only applied to animals such as Pavlov's dogs D) relied heavily on subjective measures of behavior

B) rejected the influence of unconscious forces

The three full body senses are _____. A) pressure, temperature and pain B) skin, vestibular, and kinesthesis C) skin, pressure, and movement D) pain, kinesthesis, and balance

B) skin, vestibular, and kinesthesis

The resulting physical and psychological reactions to stressors are known as _____. A) distress B) the stress response C) the social readjustment rating scale D) frustration

B) the stress response

Kinesthetic receptors are located ____. A) in the semicircular canals B) throughout the muscles, joints, and tendons of the body C) in the occipital lobe of the brain D) in the extremites

B) throughout the muscles, joints, and tendons of the body

Which of the following is the correct pathway traveled by sound waves through the ear? A) Cochlea - hammer - anvil - stirrup - oval window B) Oval window - ear drum - basilar membrance - cochlea C) Ear drum - hammer - anvil - stirrup - cochlea D) Malleus - anvil - stirrup - ear drum - cochlea

C) Ear drum - hammer - anvil - stirrup - cochlea

The father of psychology is ______ A) Sigmund Freud B) B. F. Skinner C) Willhelm Wundt D) William James

C) Willhelm Wundt

In an approach-approach conflict, a person must choose between two or more goals that will lead to _____. A) less conflict B) frustration C) a desirable event D) effective coping

C) a desirable result

The two chemicals released during the fight or flight stress response that are associated with the development of heart disease are _____. A) high-density and low-density cholesterol B) adrenaline and epinephrine C) cortisol and epinephrine D) insulin and leptin

C) cortisol and epinephrine

Functionalism made an important contribution to the science of psychology because it _______ A) explained why different individuals experience stimuli differently B) drew the line between branches of psychology so that each had its own function C) expanded the scope of psychology to consider such topics as emotion and observable behavior D) specified precisely the scope of psychology as dealing with mental processes.

C) expanded the scope of psychology to consider such topics as emotion and observable behavior.

The point on the retina that contains only cones and is responsible for our sharpest vision is called the _____. A) focal spot B) photoreceptor C) fovea D) optical illusion

C) fovea

Subliminal perception refers to the perception of any stimulus that _____. A) is presented during a person's motivational need state B) manipulates people without their knowing about it C) is presented below the threshold of a person's conscious awareness D) is presented within the threshold of a person's preconscious awareness

C) is presented below the threshold of a person's conscious awareness

Confusion of the vestibular sense leads to ____. A) loss of consciousness B) congitive dysfunction C) loss of balance D) numbness

C) loss of balance

Which of the following provides a 3-D image of the brain? A) positron emission tomography (PET) B) intrabrain electrical recordings C) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) D) transcranial magnetic stimulation

C) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Cognitive psychology focuses on ______. A) conflict within the conscious mind B) the positive, creative, growth-seeking potential of human nature C) mental processes, language, and perception D) complex biochemical events involved in information processing

C) mental processes, language, and perception

If a psychologist is interested in studying the risk factors that lead to delinquency in adolescence, on what goal of psychology is the researcher focused? A) describing behavior B) explaining behavior C) predicting behavior D)changing behavior

C) predicting behavior

Stem cells have been used to replenish devastated cells and have helped individuals suffering from _______. A) autism B) mental retardation C) stress D) schizophrenia

C) stress

The Ponzo illusion occurs because ____. A) none of these are correct B) people in the urban areas misjudge the size of the lines because the structural architecture they are exposed to C) the converging lines provide depth cues telling you that the top dark, horizontal, line is farther away than the bottom line and therefore much larger D) this is not an illusion

C) the converging lines provide depth cues telling you that the top dark, horizontal, line is farther away than the bottom line and therefore much larger

The operant organizational principle that governs our ability to focus on one particular voice at a noisy party or to distinguish between figure and ground when viewing a picture is called a _____ principle. A) Freudian B) grounding C) focal D) Gestalt

D) Gestalt

The sympathetic and parasympathetic systems are branches of the _____ nervous system. A) somatic B) central C) cardinal D) autonomic

D) autonomic

Research has shown that watching episodes of aggression on television causes children to become physically more aggressive. As a result, the V-chip was created. What goal of psychology does this best represent? A) describing behavior B) explaining behavior C) predicting behavior D) changing behavior

D) changing behavior

The three basic parts of the neuron can be likened to an arm, where the fingers represent the ____'; the palm of the hand represents the ______; and the forearm represents the _____. A) dendrites; myelin; axon terminal B) somas; cell body; dendrite C) receivers; generator; transmittor D) dendrites; cell body; axon

D) dendrites; cell body; axon

After exposure to a severe and prolonged stressor, illness and death may occur in the _____ phase of the general adaptation syndrome. A) terminal B) stagnation C) tertiary depletion D) exhaustion

D) exhaustion

Abnormalities in the _____ lobe are associated with schizophrenia. A) parietal B) temporal C) occipital D) frontal

D) frontal

The branch of psychology that studies the relation between attributes of the physical world and our sensory experience of those attributes is called _______. A) physical psychology B) astropsychology C) parapsychology D) psychophysics

D) psychophysics

Psychology is defined as the ________ A) science of conscious and unconscious forces on behavior B) empirical study of the mind C) scientific study of the mind D) scientific study of behavior and mental processes

D) scientific study of behavior and mental processes

The neurotransmitter affects sleep, appetite, and emotional states, among other behaviors. A) acetylcholine B) dopamine C) GABA D) serontonin

D) serotonin