Psych Exam 3 practice questions
The car accident
Robert had a serious car accident while Mozart was playing on his stereo. Now, every time Robert hears a Mozart song, he feels frightened and panicked. What is the unconditioned stimulus?
Variable ratio
Salespeople who are paid exclusively by commission are reinforced on which type of schedule?
Fixed Interval Reinforcement
Students get a grade for a quiz that's given once a week. What is this an example of?
Operant Conditioning
A student sometimes got A's on his midterm exams last year when he used his green pen to write the exams. Now he always takes his lucky green pens to exams. How did the student's superstitious behavior arise?
Unconditioned Response
In classical conditioning, an unlearned, inborn reaction to an unconditioned stimulus is a(n)
Stimulus Discrimination
In operant conditioning, what is the tendency for a response to happen only when a particular stimulus is present?
Counter-conditioning
Juan developed a fear of dogs after being attacked by one. His counselor helped him to overcome this fear by teaching him to relax in the presence of dogs. Eventually, he was no longer afraid of dogs. Which of the following processes occurred?
Primary Reinforcers
Reinforcers that are innately reinforcing, such as food, water, and warmth are called
The sound of the can opener
Tamara normally feeds her cat canned cat food. She noticed that every time she uses her electric can opener, her cat comes to the kitchen. What is the conditioned stimulus
Observational learning
The Bobo doll study, where a child punched a doll after seeing an adult do the same, was a demonstration of what type of learning?
going to the dentist and having a toothache relieved
What is an example of Negative Reinforcement
Shaping
What is the procedure called in which reinforcement is used to guide a response closer and closer to a desired response?
Instinctive Drift
What is the tendency for conditioning to be limited by natural instincts
Stimulus generalization
What is the tendency to respond to a new stimulus as if it's the original conditioned stimulus?
Intermittent
What kind of reinforcement should you use if you want to a response to last without reinforcement long after it's been learned through operant conditioning?
Fear
What response did Watson and Rayner condition in their experiment with Baby Albert?
The crying
When a child hears a loud noise, he cries. The family's dog often barks loudly. Each time the child sees the dog, he cries. What is the conditioned response?
Nucleus accumbens
Which brain structure has been shown to be related to learning through reinforcement?
Dopamine
Which neurotransmitter has been shown to be most closely associated with reinforcement of behaviors?
Pavlov
Who's work is known for classical conditioning?
