Psych Exam 3 practice questions

The car accident

Robert had a serious car accident while Mozart was playing on his stereo. Now, every time Robert hears a Mozart song, he feels frightened and panicked. What is the unconditioned stimulus?

Variable ratio

Salespeople who are paid exclusively by commission are reinforced on which type of schedule?

Fixed Interval Reinforcement

Students get a grade for a quiz that's given once a week. What is this an example of?

Operant Conditioning

A student sometimes got A's on his midterm exams last year when he used his green pen to write the exams. Now he always takes his lucky green pens to exams. How did the student's superstitious behavior arise?

Unconditioned Response

In classical conditioning, an unlearned, inborn reaction to an unconditioned stimulus is a(n)

Stimulus Discrimination

In operant conditioning, what is the tendency for a response to happen only when a particular stimulus is present?

Counter-conditioning

Juan developed a fear of dogs after being attacked by one. His counselor helped him to overcome this fear by teaching him to relax in the presence of dogs. Eventually, he was no longer afraid of dogs. Which of the following processes occurred?

Primary Reinforcers

Reinforcers that are innately reinforcing, such as food, water, and warmth are called

The sound of the can opener

Tamara normally feeds her cat canned cat food. She noticed that every time she uses her electric can opener, her cat comes to the kitchen. What is the conditioned stimulus

Observational learning

The Bobo doll study, where a child punched a doll after seeing an adult do the same, was a demonstration of what type of learning?

going to the dentist and having a toothache relieved

What is an example of Negative Reinforcement

Shaping

What is the procedure called in which reinforcement is used to guide a response closer and closer to a desired response?

Instinctive Drift

What is the tendency for conditioning to be limited by natural instincts

Stimulus generalization

What is the tendency to respond to a new stimulus as if it's the original conditioned stimulus?

Intermittent

What kind of reinforcement should you use if you want to a response to last without reinforcement long after it's been learned through operant conditioning?

Fear

What response did Watson and Rayner condition in their experiment with Baby Albert?

The crying

When a child hears a loud noise, he cries. The family's dog often barks loudly. Each time the child sees the dog, he cries. What is the conditioned response?

Nucleus accumbens

Which brain structure has been shown to be related to learning through reinforcement?

Dopamine

Which neurotransmitter has been shown to be most closely associated with reinforcement of behaviors?

Pavlov

Who's work is known for classical conditioning?