Psych Final

Mikkia needs therapy for help with procrastination. She says, "There's no way I'm going to that therapist! He sees patients three times a week for years on end. I need to get better soon!" The therapist MOST likely uses the _____ approach.

psychoanalytic

If a patient suffers uncontrollable seizures, physicians can destroy specific nerve clusters that cause or transmit the convulsions. This BEST illustrates a procedure known as:

psychosurgery

For a person recovering from alcohol use disorder, Alcoholics Anonymous may be beneficial because the group meetings:

reduce isolation

The personal strength that helps most people cope with stress and recover from adversity and even trauma is called:

resilience

Depressive symptoms have a _____ pattern when the symptoms alternate based on the months of the year. One may be depressed during winter or fall but not during the spring or summer months.

seasonal

Drugs that are used to treat depression as well as other disorders such as anxiety and strokes are called:

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

Some studies suggest there may be an anxiety gene that affects the brain levels of________.

serotonin

This behavior therapy is commonly used to treat phobias.

systematic desensitization

To help Adam reduce his fear of dogs, a therapist first encourages him to physically relax and imagine that he is walking toward a friendly and harmless little dog. The therapist's technique BEST illustrates:

systematic desensitization

To help Tom reduce his fear of flying, a therapist first encourages him to physically relax and then simply imagine that he is taking off in an airplane. The therapist's technique BEST illustrates:

systematic desensitization

At her weekly therapy session, Nia became agitated at her therapist, saying that he was controlling and domineering, just like her father. Nia's behavior illustrates _____.

transference

Michael complains that threatening voices are constantly telling him he is so evil he should kill himself. Michael is experiencing:

Hallucinations

Donald is a 35-year-old man with schizophrenia. He has struggled with mental illness since childhood, when he had anxiety and impaired judgment. He began experiencing psychotic symptoms at age 19, which have been only partially controlled by medication. What is Donald's prognosis?

His condition is likely to deteriorate over time

Bob yells at this therapist, "You are an impatient know-it-all, and you only care about yourself!" Bob is MOST likely experiencing:

transference

Spencer has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. His parents have a difficult time understanding him because his speech is fragmented and bizarre. He jumps from one idea to another, sometimes within sentences, creating a:

word salad

Elaine feels that her life is empty. Over the last few months, she has lost interest in her career and hobbies, and she wonders if she would be better off dead. She is MOST likely suffering from:

Major depressive disorder

Of the following individuals, who is MOST likely to benefit from the use of lithium? Landon, who experiences a generalized sense of apprehension and anxiety Miranda, who experiences periods of extreme sadness, followed by episodes of optimistic overexcitement Ivan, who experiences sudden brief episodes of intense dread and panic Olivia, who experiences delusions and auditory hallucinations

Miranda, who experiences periods of extreme sadness, followed by episodes of optimistic overexcitement

Some clinicians view dissociative identity disorder as a natural, protective response to traumatic experiences during childhood, making it a form of:

PTSD

Identifying and eliminating the socially stressful conditions that contribute to psychological disorders is of MOST interest to the advocates of _____ mental health.

Preventative

As a young adult, Clarice has difficulty forming relationships because she feels she cannot trust men. She is seeking a therapist who can help her gain insight into her feelings. The therapy that focuses on helping patients to gain insight is:

Psychoanalysis

During her weekly psychoanalytic therapy sessions, Sabrina will often abruptly change the subject. A psychoanalyst would suggest that this illustrates:

Resistance

During his weekly therapy sessions, Colin finds it very difficult to talk about childhood memories. He often pauses before mentioning embarrassing moments, or simply forgets important details. Colin's behavior illustrates:

Resistance

In psychoanalysis, _____ is the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material.

Resistance

Although no more effective in controlling schizophrenia symptoms, many of the newer-generation antipsychotics, such as _____ and Zyprexa, have fewer side effects.

Risperdal

Mrs. Higgins believes that aliens from another planet have removed her stomach and are watching to see how long it takes her to grow another. Mrs. Higgins is MOST likely suffering from:

Schizophrenia

Sam, a 16-year-old boy, has been feeling hopeless, has difficulty concentrating, and experiences chronic sadness. How likely is he to share this information with his parents?

Very unlikely

A psychologist gets an e-mail referral from a prospective client named Sandy. Sandy complains of stress, fatigue, and apathy. The psychologist asks if Sandy is male or female. Why did the psychologist consider this important to know?

Woman are more likely to suffer from depression

One of the hallmarks of schizophrenia is disorganized speech. Theorists suggest that people with such disorganized speech may have:

a breakdown of selective attention

Frank was seen laughing inappropriately in the library as if he was responding to internal stimuli. On the bus home, he was crying uncontrollably and suddenly became angered when a fellow passenger offered him a tissue. His excess of inappropriate behavior is:

a positive symptom

Jill suffers from depression. However, she tends to be depressed in the fall or winter but not during the spring and summer months. This is called:

a seasonal pattern

Brent suffers from depression. While he consistently goes to work and meets family responsibilities, he suffers from negative moods and a sense of hopelessness. What option has the LEAST possible side effects and/or risks?

aerobic exercise

if a person avoids situations in which help may not be available when panic strikes, that person may be suffering for

agoraphobia

Fear learning experiences that traumatize the brain can also create fear circuits in the _____.

amygdala

Tay is a 37-year-old African-American female previously diagnosed with bipolar disorder. She currently appears to be experiencing an episode of mania. Her psychiatrist orders blood work and a PET scan. The imaging is likely to show:

an abnormally high level of activity across the brain.

Stefanie meets with her therapist once a week to talk about her marriage and her relationship with her parents. In addition to helping Stefanie gain insight into these relationships, Stefanie's therapist prescribes medication. This is an example of:

an eclectic approach.

Stephen Ilardi's 12-week training program sets goals in the following areas: aerobic exercise adequate sleep, light exposure, social connection, nutritional supplements, and ____.

anti-rumination

One concern mental health providers have about the dramatic increase in the prescription of antidepressant medication is:

antidepressants are not universally effective.

Last week Tate went into the hospital for a painful medical procedure. Amazingly, he did not seem worried beforehand, and he showed no signs of autonomic nervous system arousal. In addition, Tate seems to lack a conscience for wrongdoing. It is possible that Tate would be diagnosed as having:

antisocial personality disorder

The treatment that associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol) is called:

aversive conditioning

To help Jacob overcome his smoking habit, a therapist puts him in a room with a carton of cigarettes laced with a chemical to induce nausea. He displays images of the dangers of smoking both on the walls and on a television set. This approach BEST illustrates:

aversive conditioning

To help Monica overcome her nearly irresistible craving for chocolate, a therapist provides her with a supply of chocolate candies that contain solidified droplets of a harmless but very bitter-tasting substance. This approach to treatment BEST illustrates:

aversive conditioning

In considering the factors that may contribute to the process of healing, a _____ approach to therapy may be most useful.

biopsychosocial

the approach to understanding and classifying psychological disorders that is MOST likely to minimize stigma for the afflicted is the...

biopsychosocial model

Karl is a prolific painter. However, he is also prone to periods of hopelessness and depression, which are followed by periods of hyperactivity. It is very likely that Karl is suffering from:

bipolar disorder

The police brought Helene to the emergency room after she was seen running down the street in her underwear yelling, "I have the power!" Helene was also spending large amounts of money across town and was rude and reckless over the last five days. In the ER, Helene would not be quiet long enough for the nurse to ask her questions. Helene is MOST likely suffering from:

bipolar disorder

In an attempt to lose some of the weight gained by binge eating, Beatta uses laxatives and exercises until she is exhausted. Beatta MOST clearly demonstrates symptoms of:

bulimia nervosa

Chelsea's therapist uses active listening within an empathic environment. Her therapist is MOST likely practicing:

client centered therapy

Morton suffers from anxiety. His therapist is training him to replace his catastrophizing thinking with more realistic appraisals, and then to gradually engage in activities that normally would be stressful for him. The therapist's approach best illustrates _____ therapy.

cognitive-behavioral

Humanistic therapies focus on _____ thoughts.

conscious

Mr. James incorrectly believes that people are constantly laughing at him and that FBI agents are trying to steal his savings. Mr. James is suffering from:

delusions

Schizophrenia is a severe disorder characterized by:

disorganized speech and behavior, delusions and hallucinations, and inappropriate or limited emotions

Angel has been arrested for stealing a car. He claims that he knows nothing about the crime, as his alter ego must have done it. The court-appointed psychiatrist knows immediately that Angel does not suffer from _____, as the host is never conscious of the alter egos.

dissociative identity disorder

Unlike _____, which may cause seizures and memory loss, _____ has no side effects other than perhaps a headache.

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT); repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)

As compared to women, men's disorders tend to be more _____.

external

Marjorie is experiencing frequent and intense conflict with her teenage daughter. Marjorie should arrange for them to participate in _____ therapy.

family

The aim of _____ therapy is to heal relationships and to mobilize the group's resources.

family

During a therapy session, Jenny focuses on several intrusive thoughts that have been bothering her. The therapist tells Jenny to report any ideas or memories stimulated by these thoughts. Jenny's therapist is using a technique known as:

free association

If Ardith, who is recovering from alcohol use disorder, wishes to remain in recovery, she is better served by _____ than by _____.

frequent attendance at Alcoholics Anonymous meetings; a general support group

Studies imply that when it comes to culture and gender roles, as well as religious views, clients:

have trouble establishing an emotional bond with a therapist who does not share their values.

Bipolar disorder is characterized by moods that alternate between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the euphoric, _____ state of mania.

hyperactive

which of the following evidence that there is a genetic component to schizophrenia

it is observed in all cultures

Xiomara suffers from bipolar disorder. She is likely to be prescribed _____ to combat the highs and lows of this disorder.

lithium

While this procedure did decrease a person's misery or tension, it also left them permanently lethargic, immature, and uncreative.

lobotomy

Research on deep brain stimulation has revealed that the source of depression can be _____ in the brain.

localized

For the past four weeks, 20-year-old Odessa has been feeling lethargic and worthless. Her friends are worried because she no longer shows interest in her normal social activities. It is very likely that Odessa is suffering from:

major depressive disorder.

Risk factors for brain abnormalities in people with schizophrenia include low birth weight, _____, older paternal age, and oxygen deprivation during delivery.

maternal diabetes

A large pharmaceutical company is conducting a clinical trial to test the efficacy and safety of an antidepressant to treat major depression disorder. Its work is MOST aligned with the _________ model.

medical

A large pharmaceutical company is going to combine the results of all of its depression research studies. This digest is called a _____.

meta-analysis

Major depressive disorder is characterized by at least _____signs of depression.

5

the symptoms of antisocial personality disorder disorder begin to appear at the median age of.....

8

Some life problems require more support than others. For example, AIDS patients are _____ likely than hypertension patients to be in support groups.

more

Seventy-five-year-old Wally lost his wife to a heart attack two years ago, and most of his friends have passed away. His children live in other states and he has no pets. In terms of risk factors for suicide, Wally is:

more likely to attempt suicide, because the suicide rate increases among older men

Professor Skyler studies personality disorders and is most interested in people who are self-focused and exaggerate their own importance. Professor Skyler is studying people with:

narcissistic personality disorder.

Regarding the treatment of schizophrenia, dopamine-blocking drugs have little effect on persistent _____ symptoms, such as toneless voices or expressionless faces.

negative

Antidepressant medications often take 4 weeks to take effect. One theory attributes the delay in action to _____.

neurogenesis

Recent research on the effects of lifestyle on health showed that _____ had the MOST significant impact on mental health.

no one single factor

An overabundance of the neurotransmitter _____ is most likely to be associated with a manic episode

norepinephrine

If you want to improve communication in your own relationships, these three Rogers-inspired hints may help.

paraphrase, invite clarification, and reflect feelings

Cora is a long-term user of antipsychotic medication and was once misdiagnosed with a medical condition that mimics tardive dyskinesia. Her misdiagnosis was MOST likely:

parkinsons disease

Although _____ is/are more common, depression is the most common reason people seek mental health services.

phobias

Which of the following is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)?

prozac

Tardive dyskinesia is associated with the long-term use of _____ drugs.

Anti-psychotic

Nanci's therapist is an active listener, who often paraphrases what she says. He does not judge her and is quite open to her exploration of her weaknesses. He gives her appropriate validation and encourages her to reflect on her feelings. He wants to deepen her self-understanding. Her therapy is MOST likely:

Client-centered

Adam is suffering from depression. His therapist wants to use a therapeutic technique that has proven effective in treating depression. She will probably use:

Cognitive therapy

___________ conducted a study examining the biasing power of diagnostic labels

David Rosenhan

Studies of people suffering from major depressive disorder have found that the depressive episode typically:

Ends with or without treatment

Doug, who suffers from depression, recently saw an ad for free medication in return for participation in a new drug trial. Doug was told that he would be participating in a double-blind study. What does that imply?

Neither Doug nor the researcher will know if Doug is receiving a placebo or the medication

A patient recently admitted to the hospital is complaining of auditory hallucinations. She might be treated with:

Thorazine