Psych Final Exam - Missed Questions

People with dissociative disorders have ___________

A less voluminous hippocampus and amygdala

________ plays an important role in the production of speech, whereas ________ plays an important role in the comprehension of language.

Broca's area; Wernicke's area

Dan is at an international food fest with his brother Jude. When Dan is served a dish of Mopane worm stew, Jude tells him reassuringly, "That's food!" and Dan comprehends his statement regarding the concept of food. Which of the following characteristics of concepts has been illustrated in this scenario?

Concepts provide clues about how to react to a particular object.

________ is a complex molecule in the cell's chromosomes that carries genetic information.

DNA

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the use of explicit memory?

Emma recounting the events in a movie that she saw last Friday

_______ has to do with remembering who, what, where, when, and why. _______ has to do with remembering how.

Explicit memory; Implicit memory

Who is considered the "founder of American personality psychology"?

Gordon Allport

Which of the following is true of short-term memory?

It is improved by chunking and rehearsal techniques

________ inhibits the firing of neurons in the central nervous system, but it excites the heart muscle, intestines, and urogenital tract.

Norepinephrine

Samantha was injured in a skiing accident, and she lost her sense of hearing. The doctor who operated on her stated that the hair cells in Samantha's ears were damaged. In order to help Samantha detect sound again, the doctor should suggest

a cochlear implant

How long does information last in sensory memory?

a fraction of a second to several seconds

A predisposition or readiness to perceive something in a particular way is known as

a perceptual set.

A ____________ is a strategy that guarantees a solution to a problem.

algorithm

A(n) __________ is a strategy that guarantees a solution to a problem.

algorithm

Lakeisha sustained a brain injury in a car accident. Although Lakeisha's memories of her life before the accident are intact, she is no longer able to form new, long-term memories. Every night when she goes to bed, her memories of what she had done that day are lost. Lakeisha suffers from

anterograde amnesia

In addition to providing treatment for depression, antidepressant drugs may also be an effective treatment for _________

anxiety disorders and eating disorders

Marshall's cerebellum was damaged in a car accident. Marshall is likely to have problems with

balance and muscle coordination.

In the context of the structure of the eye, the function of both the cornea and the lens is to

bend the light falling on the surface of the eye just enough to focus it at the back

The immune system and the central nervous system both rely on ________ mediators for communication

chemical

A woman feels sick every time she travels by air. She associates flying with physical illness and, as a result, hates air travel. She also finds it difficult to watch movies with airplanes or read books about airplanes because they make her uncomfortable. This scenario illustrates the learning process of

classical conditioning

While watching television, you can see how advertisers cunningly apply classical-conditioning principles to consumers by showing ads that pair something pleasant with a product in hope that you, the viewer, will experience those positive feelings toward the product. In this situation, the product is the

conditioned response.

Martin is riding his motorcycle to his office. When he hears the honking of a truck trying to overtake him, he gives way to the truck. In the context of the pathways in the nervous system, in this scenario, which type of nerves communicated information from Martin's brain to his muscles and made him move his motorcycle?

efferent

Harry has been diagnosed with epilepsy by his neurologist. Which of the following should the neurologist use to assess Harry's epilepsy by studying his brain-wave activity?

electroencephalograph

Your grandma initiates regular get-togethers at her neighborhood community hall. She also believes that it's important to experience gratitude and be thankful for the wonderful life she has lived. According to the five-factor five model of personality, your grandma would likely score high on which of the following traits?

extraversion

The ________ is the most important part of the retina and is a tiny area in the center of the retina at which vision is at its best.

fovea

You conclude that Carla is a naturally anxious woman. You ignore the fact that Carla is currently working on a tight-deadline project and is spending 100 hours per week at work. You are demonstrating the __________

fundamental attribution error

Over time, a person is likely to develop a tolerance for a psychoactive drug and need a higher dose of the substance to get the same effect. This scenario exemplifies

habituation

Which category of drugs modifies a person's perceptual experiences and produces visual images that are not real?

hallucinogens

Lionel is the CEO of a company that is going through a financial crisis. He asks his employees to brainstorm and create a list of all possible solutions to revive the company's business. In this scenario, Linonel is asking his employees to engage in

heuristic thinking.

In the context of the major regions

hindbrain

Xavier has left his home and is attending college in a city that is far away from home where he does not know anybody. According to the mere exposure effect, Xavier will be most likely to make friends with _________

his roommate

According to drive reduction theory, the goal of drive reduction is __________

homeostasis

In the context of psychotherapy, ______are treatments that uniquely emphasize people's self-healing capacities and that encourage clients to understand themselves and to grow personally.

humanistic therapies

Emma enters her college auditorium that is almost packed to capacity and tries to find an empty seat. She fails to notice her friend waving to her in the crowd. This scenario most likely illustrates

inattentional blindness

A case study _______

is an in-depth look at a single individual

The ________ senses provide information about movement, posture, and orientation, whereas the ________ senses provide information about balance and movement.

kinesthetic; vestibular

According to the Atkinson-Shiffrin theory, information can last up to a lifetime in

long-term memory

The eardrum is located in the ______

middle ear.

In the context of depth perception, familiar size and relative size, height in field of view, and shading are examples of

monocular cues.

What term refers to Charles Darwin's principle of an evolutionary process; the process in which organisms that are best adapted to their environment will survive and, importantly, produce offspring?

natural selection

Scolding a child for misbehavior is a form of ________; time-out is a form of ______.

negative reinforcement; negative punishment

The ________ system is the body's electrochemical communication circuitry.

nervous

According to the five-factor model of personality, which statement best describes the relationship between neuroticism and personality?

neuroticism is low in self-satisfied individuals

When scores on IQ tests like the Stanford-Binet and the Wechsler scales are examined, they approximate a ______, which is a symmetrical curve, with a majority of scores falling in the middle of the possible range and few scores appearing toward the extremes.

normal distribution

Milgram's studies are a classic series of experiments by Stanley Milgram that demonstrated the profound power of _______________

obedience

In attribution theory, the person who offers a casual explanation of the actor's behavior is called the _________

observer

_________ is a language's sound system.

phonology

_________ are favorable views of the self that are not necessarily rooted in reality.

positive illusions

During the COVID-19 pandemic, a state agency sent out a flyer to all homes explaining the safety and importance of getting vaccinated. This is best characterized as a _______measure

public health

Mia begins running regularly to lose weight. After a year from starting the routine, she runs for the joy of running. According to the stages of change model, Mia is in the maintenance stage and has _________

reached transcendence

According to Bandura, the way behavior, environment, and person/cognitive factors interact to create personality is described as ____________

reciprocal determinism

Daisuke, a psychologist, actively listens to his client, Samantha. When she describes her grief over the death of her child, he says, "You sound devastated," to help her identify her feelings. IN the context of client-centered therapy, which of the following techniques is Daisuke most likely using in this scenario?

reflective speech

Pia has a zestful, optimistic, and energetic approach toward life. She believes that brisk walking while listening to songs on her phone is the best way to cope with anger and frustration. She is likely to brighten up a dull, lifeless gathering by cracking jokes. In this scenario, Pia is most likely to score high on __________

resilience

Dominque and Salem are enjoying a picnic in a nearby forest. Suddenly, a huge black bear invades their space and heads for their picnic basket. According to the James-Lange theory of emotions, they will _________

run and experience the emotion of fear as a result of the physical changes in their bodies

Freud believed that the prime motive in human existence is the need for ______ , Karen Horney believed that the prime motive in human existence is the need for ______________

sex; security

Sleepwalking occurs during ________ of the sleep cycle.

stage R

The _________ describes the process by which individuals give up bad habits and adopt healthier lifestyles and breaks down behavioral changes into five steps

stages of change model

According to __________, people who have first agreed to a small request tend to comply later with a larger request.

the foot-in-the-door technique

When typing text messages, Juan usually leaves out the vowels in commonly used words. For example, he types "thn" instead of "then." The receiver is generally able to make sense of Juan's message. Which of the following principles most likely comes into play in this scenario?

the gestalt principle of closure

Infants who display secure attachment _________

use their caregiver as a secure base from which to explore the environment