psych final exam

Jeff has periods of chest pains, difficult breathing, increased heart rate, sweating, faintness, and dizziness for no apparent reason. From which of these disorders is he apparently suffering?

panic disorder

Which two disorders are often comorbid? That is, people with one of them usually have the other also:

panic disorder and agoraphobia

One reason why people are more likely to develop a phobia of spiders than a phobia of cars is that

people have more safe experiences with cars than with spiders.

Which kind of psychotherapy gives people the least direction and advice, simply providing sympathy, acceptance, and encouragement for people to solve their own problems?

person-centered therapy

In contrast to DSM-IV, DSM-5 permits therapists to rate people along several dimensions instead of giving each person a label. However, this policy applies only to

personality disorders

It is common for depressed people to experience abnormalities in their

sleep

The psychological disorders that are diagnosed most frequently in the United States are

substance abuse, mood disorders, impulse control problems and anxiety disorders

What does it mean if you wake up and find yourself temporarily unable to move?

Part of your brain is awake and another part is asleep

Several psychological disorders, such as koro and running amok, occur in some cultures and not others. What is the likely reason?

People copy abnormal behaviors from other people's example

What is the usual time course for major depression?

Typically, depression occurs in a series of episodes separated by normal mood.

A circadian rhythm lasts about how long?

a day

What does the American Psychiatric Association's definition of abnormal behavior emphasize?

behavior that leads to distress, disability, or risk

Which of the following would be most likely to cause you to LOSE your circadian rhythm of wakefulness and sleepiness?

damage to a particular part of your brain

Unfounded beliefs are __________; sensory experiences that do not correspond with external reality are __________.

delusions...hallucinations

Generalized anxiety disorder is very likely in people who also have which other disorder?

depression

Which of these thought disorders is characteristic of schizophrenia?

difficulty understanding abstract concepts and proverbs

Someone whose periods of depression alternate with periods of mania has which condition?

bipolar disorder

Treatment for panic attack usually focuses on teaching the person to control

breathing

People who consistently work on the night shift (midnight to 8 a.m.) may or may not fully adjust their circadian rhythms to this schedule. Which of the following would be most likely to help people adjust their rhythms?

bright lights while at work 6

Compared to most behavior therapists, cognitive-behavior therapists place more emphasis on

changing people's interpretation of their situation

The various forms of psychotherapy differ in some regards, but are similar in several others, including

getting the client to make a commitment to seek changes in his/her life

Someone with schizophrenia deteriorates in everyday functioning and has

hallucinations, delusions, or thought disorder.

During sleep, mammals

lower their body temperatures.

A personality disorder is a:

maladaptive, inflexible manner of behaving

How does behavior therapy differ from other psychoanalysis?

Behavior therapy is more interested in changing behavior than in interpreting hidden meanings.

How does DSM help psychologists do research?

DSM helps researchers identify psychological disorders the same way.

What does DSM stand for?

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual

what does the "biopsychosocial model" of abnormal behavior mean?

Each disorder results from a combination of biological, psychological, and social problems.

What is the primary difference between fear and anxiety?

Fear, unlike anxiety, is generally associated with a specific situation.

One reason why psychiatrists today tend to diagnose more problems as "disorders" than they did in the past is that today

Insurance companies pay for more treatment if the person has a diagnosis

Sleepwalking occurs mostly in stages 3 and 4 of sleep. Why would it be unlikely in REM?

Major muscles are paralyzed during REM

Which of the following is a difficulty for therapists using DSM for diagnosis?

Many people don't fit neatly into one category

Suppose you are an experimenter, and you have trained someone to press a lever to avoid shocks. Now you disconnect the shock generator. Other than telling the person what you have done, what procedure would be most successful in facilitating extinction of the lever pressing?

Prevent the person from pressing the lever

Where is seasonal affective disorder most common?

Scandinavia and other far northern places

After the brain?

Some neurons are active but others are as inactive as in sleep

As a rule, how does a first episode of depression differ from later episodes?

The first episode is more likely to be a response to intense stress

Which of these is one of the effects of antidepressant drugs?

They prolong the effects of certain neurotransmitters

Cognitive therapists try to get their clients to change their

distressing thoughts, by exploring the evidence behind them

. A study compared memory abilities in young adults and older adults at different times. Early in the morning, the older adults performed __________ than the young adults; later in the day, the older adults performed __________ than the young adults

equal or better...worse

If a depressed person starts taking antidepressant drugs, the drugs alter the activity at dopamine and serotonin synapses within __________ and produce benefits for mood and behavior within __________.

hours...weeks

What is spontaneous remission?

improvement of psychological problems without therapy

A period of sleep ____ memory for something just learned and ____ attention and memory for material learned after awakening.

improves... improves

A phobia is best defined as a fear that

interferes with normal living

REM sleep is also called paradoxical sleep because

the brain is very active, but the muscles are relaxed

What did Freud mean by the term "transference"?

treating a therapist the way you feel toward your parents

One criticism of DSM is that it incorrectly

treats certain normal reactions as if they were disorders

Psychodynamic therapies are best described as therapies that

try to understand people's conflicting impulses, including unconscious ones.