psych final exam
Jeff has periods of chest pains, difficult breathing, increased heart rate, sweating, faintness, and dizziness for no apparent reason. From which of these disorders is he apparently suffering?
panic disorder
Which two disorders are often comorbid? That is, people with one of them usually have the other also:
panic disorder and agoraphobia
One reason why people are more likely to develop a phobia of spiders than a phobia of cars is that
people have more safe experiences with cars than with spiders.
Which kind of psychotherapy gives people the least direction and advice, simply providing sympathy, acceptance, and encouragement for people to solve their own problems?
person-centered therapy
In contrast to DSM-IV, DSM-5 permits therapists to rate people along several dimensions instead of giving each person a label. However, this policy applies only to
personality disorders
It is common for depressed people to experience abnormalities in their
sleep
The psychological disorders that are diagnosed most frequently in the United States are
substance abuse, mood disorders, impulse control problems and anxiety disorders
What does it mean if you wake up and find yourself temporarily unable to move?
Part of your brain is awake and another part is asleep
Several psychological disorders, such as koro and running amok, occur in some cultures and not others. What is the likely reason?
People copy abnormal behaviors from other people's example
What is the usual time course for major depression?
Typically, depression occurs in a series of episodes separated by normal mood.
A circadian rhythm lasts about how long?
a day
What does the American Psychiatric Association's definition of abnormal behavior emphasize?
behavior that leads to distress, disability, or risk
Which of the following would be most likely to cause you to LOSE your circadian rhythm of wakefulness and sleepiness?
damage to a particular part of your brain
Unfounded beliefs are __________; sensory experiences that do not correspond with external reality are __________.
delusions...hallucinations
Generalized anxiety disorder is very likely in people who also have which other disorder?
depression
Which of these thought disorders is characteristic of schizophrenia?
difficulty understanding abstract concepts and proverbs
Someone whose periods of depression alternate with periods of mania has which condition?
bipolar disorder
Treatment for panic attack usually focuses on teaching the person to control
breathing
People who consistently work on the night shift (midnight to 8 a.m.) may or may not fully adjust their circadian rhythms to this schedule. Which of the following would be most likely to help people adjust their rhythms?
bright lights while at work 6
Compared to most behavior therapists, cognitive-behavior therapists place more emphasis on
changing people's interpretation of their situation
The various forms of psychotherapy differ in some regards, but are similar in several others, including
getting the client to make a commitment to seek changes in his/her life
Someone with schizophrenia deteriorates in everyday functioning and has
hallucinations, delusions, or thought disorder.
During sleep, mammals
lower their body temperatures.
A personality disorder is a:
maladaptive, inflexible manner of behaving
How does behavior therapy differ from other psychoanalysis?
Behavior therapy is more interested in changing behavior than in interpreting hidden meanings.
How does DSM help psychologists do research?
DSM helps researchers identify psychological disorders the same way.
What does DSM stand for?
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual
what does the "biopsychosocial model" of abnormal behavior mean?
Each disorder results from a combination of biological, psychological, and social problems.
What is the primary difference between fear and anxiety?
Fear, unlike anxiety, is generally associated with a specific situation.
One reason why psychiatrists today tend to diagnose more problems as "disorders" than they did in the past is that today
Insurance companies pay for more treatment if the person has a diagnosis
Sleepwalking occurs mostly in stages 3 and 4 of sleep. Why would it be unlikely in REM?
Major muscles are paralyzed during REM
Which of the following is a difficulty for therapists using DSM for diagnosis?
Many people don't fit neatly into one category
Suppose you are an experimenter, and you have trained someone to press a lever to avoid shocks. Now you disconnect the shock generator. Other than telling the person what you have done, what procedure would be most successful in facilitating extinction of the lever pressing?
Prevent the person from pressing the lever
Where is seasonal affective disorder most common?
Scandinavia and other far northern places
After the brain?
Some neurons are active but others are as inactive as in sleep
As a rule, how does a first episode of depression differ from later episodes?
The first episode is more likely to be a response to intense stress
Which of these is one of the effects of antidepressant drugs?
They prolong the effects of certain neurotransmitters
Cognitive therapists try to get their clients to change their
distressing thoughts, by exploring the evidence behind them
. A study compared memory abilities in young adults and older adults at different times. Early in the morning, the older adults performed __________ than the young adults; later in the day, the older adults performed __________ than the young adults
equal or better...worse
If a depressed person starts taking antidepressant drugs, the drugs alter the activity at dopamine and serotonin synapses within __________ and produce benefits for mood and behavior within __________.
hours...weeks
What is spontaneous remission?
improvement of psychological problems without therapy
A period of sleep ____ memory for something just learned and ____ attention and memory for material learned after awakening.
improves... improves
A phobia is best defined as a fear that
interferes with normal living
REM sleep is also called paradoxical sleep because
the brain is very active, but the muscles are relaxed
What did Freud mean by the term "transference"?
treating a therapist the way you feel toward your parents
One criticism of DSM is that it incorrectly
treats certain normal reactions as if they were disorders
Psychodynamic therapies are best described as therapies that
try to understand people's conflicting impulses, including unconscious ones.