Psych Final Thinking and Language Critical Thinking

What did Robert Sternberg believe creativity has?

5 Components

What is spoken language built from ?

Phonemes , morphemes ,words and the semantics and syntax that make up grammar

What does overconfidence lead too ?

Planning fallacy

While studying chimpanzees, _____ observed that animals have the ability to display insight.

Wolfgang Köhler

When an issue is presented in a specific way that affects our judgment and decision making, this is known as:

framig

By wording survey questions to support or reject a particular viewpoint represents

framing

When attempting to persuade others, it is better to focus on the positive rather than the negative. This is a characteristic of

framing

Lance is solving the anagram "MAHLTGIRO." He tries to create words using common combinations of the anagram's letters, such as "TH." Lance is using a(n):

heuristic.

What kind of simple thinking strategy do we rely on?

heuristics

Algorithms can be

laborious

What do the linguistic determinism hypothesis state?

language determines thought

Making complex decisions we benefit by ?

letting our brain work on a problem without thinking about it.

What does language facilitate and express?

our thoughts

What reveals our capacity for error?

overconfidence,belief perseverance and framing

When faces with a novel situation for which no well-;earned response will do, we may use

problem-solving strategies

The best example of a category of objects, events, ideas, and people is called a(n):

prototype

When someone mentions hamburgers, Trisha immediately thinks of a Big Mac. In this instance, a Big Mac is a(n

prototype

If someone estimates the likelihood of events based on the ease with which he or she can retrieve it from memory, he or she is demonstrating the _____ heuristic.

availability

What enables us to make snap judgements?

availability heuristic

creativity is supported by which 3 main keys?

Aptitude (the ability to learn) Intelligence Working memory

Where are concepts formed?

Around Prototypes

we form some concepts by

Definition

What does language processing illustrates?

How the minds subsystem are localized in particular brain regions

What are concepts?

The building blocks of thinking

According to the principle of belief perseverance, when faced with evidence supporting one's point of view on a controversial issue, one would MOST likely

assume it is correct.

Which process or strategy is MOST closely related to confirmation bias?

belief perseverance

The tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions is called:

confirmation bias

Obstacles to successful problem solving include?

confirmation bias,fixation and a form of fixation

Solving an algebra problem exemplifies _____ because there is generally one right answer to such a problem

convergent thinking

The ability to produce novel and valuable ideas is called?

creativity

What are the 5 components of creativity ?

expertise, imaginative thinking skills, venturesome personality, intrinsic motivation, creative environment

Whenever Arlo reminded himself that his musical skills could earn him fame and fortune, he became less creative in his musical performance. This BEST illustrates that creativity may be inhibited by:

extrinsic motivations

Scott is a young engineer who just started work at a company that has several seasoned engineers on staff. During a regular meeting several of these seasoned engineers are discussing how to solve a problem. After about 15 minutes of listening to this, Scott jumps up and yells, "Eureka, I've got it!" This is an example of:

insight

When an answer comes to us in a sudden flash, it is called an

insight

An effortless, immediate, and automatic thought or feeling is known as?

intuition

the tendency to repeat solutions that have worked in the past is a type of fixation called

mental set

At the zoo, a chimpanzee has figured out how to use the right kind of stones to crack open the nuts thrown to him by spectators. In Skinner's terms, the chimpanzee's problem solving has been shaped by:

reinforcement

When we use our 'terrorist' prototype to misjudge a man of Arab descent it is called a

representative heuristic

Where can instant of discovery can be found ?

right temporal lobe

What are problem solving strategies?

trial and error, algorithms, heuristics, insight

The brain act as a ?

unified whole