Psych Final Thinking and Language Critical Thinking
What did Robert Sternberg believe creativity has?
5 Components
What is spoken language built from ?
Phonemes , morphemes ,words and the semantics and syntax that make up grammar
What does overconfidence lead too ?
Planning fallacy
While studying chimpanzees, _____ observed that animals have the ability to display insight.
Wolfgang Köhler
When an issue is presented in a specific way that affects our judgment and decision making, this is known as:
framig
By wording survey questions to support or reject a particular viewpoint represents
framing
When attempting to persuade others, it is better to focus on the positive rather than the negative. This is a characteristic of
framing
Lance is solving the anagram "MAHLTGIRO." He tries to create words using common combinations of the anagram's letters, such as "TH." Lance is using a(n):
heuristic.
What kind of simple thinking strategy do we rely on?
heuristics
Algorithms can be
laborious
What do the linguistic determinism hypothesis state?
language determines thought
Making complex decisions we benefit by ?
letting our brain work on a problem without thinking about it.
What does language facilitate and express?
our thoughts
What reveals our capacity for error?
overconfidence,belief perseverance and framing
When faces with a novel situation for which no well-;earned response will do, we may use
problem-solving strategies
The best example of a category of objects, events, ideas, and people is called a(n):
prototype
When someone mentions hamburgers, Trisha immediately thinks of a Big Mac. In this instance, a Big Mac is a(n
prototype
If someone estimates the likelihood of events based on the ease with which he or she can retrieve it from memory, he or she is demonstrating the _____ heuristic.
availability
What enables us to make snap judgements?
availability heuristic
creativity is supported by which 3 main keys?
Aptitude (the ability to learn) Intelligence Working memory
Where are concepts formed?
Around Prototypes
we form some concepts by
Definition
What does language processing illustrates?
How the minds subsystem are localized in particular brain regions
What are concepts?
The building blocks of thinking
According to the principle of belief perseverance, when faced with evidence supporting one's point of view on a controversial issue, one would MOST likely
assume it is correct.
Which process or strategy is MOST closely related to confirmation bias?
belief perseverance
The tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions is called:
confirmation bias
Obstacles to successful problem solving include?
confirmation bias,fixation and a form of fixation
Solving an algebra problem exemplifies _____ because there is generally one right answer to such a problem
convergent thinking
The ability to produce novel and valuable ideas is called?
creativity
What are the 5 components of creativity ?
expertise, imaginative thinking skills, venturesome personality, intrinsic motivation, creative environment
Whenever Arlo reminded himself that his musical skills could earn him fame and fortune, he became less creative in his musical performance. This BEST illustrates that creativity may be inhibited by:
extrinsic motivations
Scott is a young engineer who just started work at a company that has several seasoned engineers on staff. During a regular meeting several of these seasoned engineers are discussing how to solve a problem. After about 15 minutes of listening to this, Scott jumps up and yells, "Eureka, I've got it!" This is an example of:
insight
When an answer comes to us in a sudden flash, it is called an
insight
An effortless, immediate, and automatic thought or feeling is known as?
intuition
the tendency to repeat solutions that have worked in the past is a type of fixation called
mental set
At the zoo, a chimpanzee has figured out how to use the right kind of stones to crack open the nuts thrown to him by spectators. In Skinner's terms, the chimpanzee's problem solving has been shaped by:
reinforcement
When we use our 'terrorist' prototype to misjudge a man of Arab descent it is called a
representative heuristic
Where can instant of discovery can be found ?
right temporal lobe
What are problem solving strategies?
trial and error, algorithms, heuristics, insight
The brain act as a ?
unified whole