Psych: L3.1 review

Which of the following parts of the neuron collects information from other cells and sends the information to the soma? a. Dendrite b. Axon c. Myelin sheath d. Synapse

a. Dendrite Neurons are made up of 3 major parts: the dendrites, the soma, and the axon. The dendrite collects information from other cells and sends the information to the soma.

Which of the following is a common neurotransmitter used in the spinal cord and motor neurons to stimulate muscle contractions? a. Endorphins b. Acetylcholine c. Gamma-aminobutyric acid d. Glutamate

b. Acetylcholine Acetylcholine is a common neurotransmitter used in the spinal cord and motor neurons to stimulate muscle contractions. It's also used in the brain to regulate memory, sleeping, and dreaming.

The soma transmits information away from the cell body toward other neurons or to the muscles and glands. a. True b. False

b. False Neurons are made up of 3 major parts: the dendrites, the soma, and the axon. The soma contains the nucleus of the cell and keeps the cell alive.

Dopamine is __________. a. used in the brain to regulate memory, sleeping, and dreaming b. released by the brain's reward system, and is involved in learning c. a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain d. found in the food additive MSG

b. released by the brain's reward system, and is involved in learning. Dopamine is involved in movement, motivation, and emotion. It produces feelings of pleasure when released by the brain's reward system, and it's also involved in learning.

__________ is a state in which the interior of the neuron contains a greater number of negatively charged ions than does the area outside the cell. a. Action potential b. Membrane potential c. Resting potential d. Electric potential

c. Resting potential

The __________ is a layer of fatty tissue surrounding the axon of a neuron that both acts as an insulator and allows faster transmission of the electrical signal. a. node of Ranvier b. dendrite c. myelin sheath d. synapse

c. myelin sheath To improve the speed of their communication, and to keep their electrical charges from shorting out with other neurons, axons are often surrounded by a myelin sheath. The myelin sheath is a layer of fatty tissue surrounding the axon of a neuron that both acts as an insulator and allows faster transmission of the electrical signal.

Each break between the sausage-like segments of the myelin sheath is a __________. a. synapse b. neurotransmitter c. node of Ranvier d. dendrite

c. node of Ranvier The axon is segmented by a series of breaks between the sausage-like segments of the myelin sheath. Each of these gaps is a *node of Ranvier*.

What type of chemicals relay signals across the synapses between neurons? a. Potassiums b. Sodiums c. Axon fluids d. Neurotransmitters

d. Neurotransmitters When the electrical impulse from the action potential reaches the end of the axon, it signals the terminal buttons to release neurotransmitters into the synapse. Neurotransmitters travel across the synaptic space between the terminal button of one neuron and the dendrites of other neurons, where they bind to the dendrites in the neighboring neuron.

A __________ is the area where the terminal buttons at the end of the axon of one neuron nearly, but don't quite, touch the dendrites of another. a. node of Ranvier b. myelin sheath c. pyramidal cell d. synapse

d. synapse Neurons are separated by junction areas known as synapses. The synapses allow each axon to communicate with many dendrites in neighboring cells.