Psych Midterm pt 1

14. Damage to which of the following brain structures may cause the inability to detect the emotional significance of facial expressions, especially those demonstrating fear?

Amygdala

22. Which of the following is classified as an antagonist?

An antidepressant, because they block serotonin and norepinephrine receptors.

10. Dr. Stepnik is conducting a study to determine the best treatment for anorexia nervosa. Some of the participants have been through several treatment programs while others have not. Dr. Stepnik decides to let the participants who have never been treated before to be in Group 1, while the other participants are all assigned to Group 2. Which of the following terms best identifies Dr. Stepnik's decision not to randomly assign the participants to the groups?

Confounding variable

26. Which of the following parts of the brain was severed to address Arjun's epileptic seizures?

Corpus Callosum

2. Dimitri and Dominic are identical twins who were separated at birth and raised by different families. When they found each other through DNA tracking, they were surprised to see how different they were. Which research method would a psychologist most likely use to document their behavioral differences?

Correlation

4. Dr. Adedeji is trying to measure the capacity of her students' short-term memories. She shows them a long series of numbers on a display for several seconds, and then has them write down as many numbers as they can remember in order. Dr. Adedeji has the students complete a survey in which she asks them "On a scale of 1 to 10, with 10 being highly effective, how well did you remember the numbers?" She concludes that her students have exceptionally good memories, as most of her students rated themselves as "highly effective." Which of the following best explains Dr. Adedeji's inaccurate

Dr. Adedeji's survey led to self-report bias.

1. Because of studies in the past that exposed participants to danger without their knowledge, which of the following was added to the American Psychological Association ethical guidelines?

Research may not involve deception unless participants are debriefed.

32. After visiting her professor's office, Rachel writes down everything she remembers seeing there. She correctly remembers many details, but she falsely remembers seeing books even though there were no books in the office. Additionally, she did not remember seeing a skull that was in the office. Which memory concept best explains why Rachel falsely encoded the books and failed to encode the skull?

Schemas

27. Kara thinks she sees a spider on the floor of her bathroom. She is extremely afraid of spiders. Which of the following nervous systems would be responsible for her fearful reaction to the spider?

Sympathetic nervous system

8. Respondents to surveys and questionnaires often report that they are healthier, happier, and less prejudiced than would be expected based on the results of other types of research. This finding can best be explained by which of the following?

The social desirability bias

29. The physiological changes in the table most clearly represent activation of which of the following?

The sympathetic nervous system

7. What is the independent variable in this study?

The use or nonuse of the CPAP device by

19. The change in the curvature of the lens that enables the eye to focus on objects at various distances is called

accommodation

17. An adult with a healthy sleep cycle is most likely to enter REM sleep in which of the following ways?

after cycling through the NREM sleep stages

31. A test that is labeled an achievement test is most likely to be given to

allow a student to be exempted from a college course

21. When excitatory neurotransmitters stimulate a single neuron, the neuron

becomes more likely to produce an action potential

34. During English class, Caleb is worried about an unfinished history project he needs to turn in later in the day. While the English teacher and other students discuss a short story the class just read, Caleb's attention is focused on how to finish the history project. The next day he is unable to recall the short story details presented in English class. The recall problem is most likely due to

encoding failure

30. It can be assumed that an individual described as a supertaster

is very sensitive to hot peppers

35. The earliest efforts to measure intelligence were directed at which of the following?

predicting children's success in school

13. In Vision, transduction occurs within the

retina

24. The drugs that block the reabsorption of neurotransmitters in the synapse during neural transmission are best identified as which of the following concepts?

reuptake inhibitors

20. Damage to the occipital lobe would most likely affect a person's

vision

23. Damage to a small part of the occipital lobe would most likely result in a

visual deficit

25. Dr. Handler conducted research to explore the extent to which hearing acuity changes with age. She tested the absolute threshold for hearing in 10 subjects of various ages. The results are presented in the table.Which of the following is an appropriate conclusion based on the data presented in the table?

As age increases, the ability to detect higher pitched sounds tends to decrease.

33. Gloria has been watching news coverage about a recent plane crash for long periods of time every day. She was supposed to fly next week but decided not to because she thinks that airplanes are too dangerous. Gloria's thinking demonstrates which of the following?

Availability heuristic

15. Which of the following parts of the brain allowed Arjun to speak the names of the items flashed to his right visual field?

Broca's Area

5. Mark and Matt are twins. A psychologist studies Mark and Matt from birth until their 25th birthday. The psychologist gathers data about their likes and dislikes, extracurricular activities, school success, and doctor visits. The psychologist is interested in the interaction of nature and nurture on their development. Which of the following research methods is the psychologist using to study Mark and Matt?

Case Study

11. Which of the following activities most directly relies on the hippocampus?

Memorizing the layout of a neighborhood

16. Kara thinks she sees a spider on the floor of her bathroom. She is extremely afraid of spiders. Upon further inspection, though, she realizes the "spider" is only a ball of hair. Which of the following nervous systems would be responsible for calming her down after she realizes the ball of hair is not a spider?

Parasympathetic nervous system

18. Researchers conducted an experiment on baboons by inserting a wire into the reticular activating system (RAS) that produced a mild electrical current. The researchers stimulated the RAS while the baboons were performing different tasks. Which of the following operational definitions would be most easily replicated by other researchers trying to duplicate the experiment?

The baboons' heart rates were measured by a monitor attached to their chest before and after the RAS was stimulated.

6. While reviewing scores from a test on contralateral hemispheric lateralization, a teacher discovered that the mean score was higher than the median. Which of the following statements is most likely correct?

The distribution of scores for the test is positively skewed.

9. Which of the following best describes the conclusion researchers could make if the results of this study are statistically significant?

The results are not likely due to chance.

12. Dizziness is most closely associated with which of the following senses?

Vestibular

28. Dr. Schmidt's findings best support which of the following psychological concepts?

Weber's law

3. In studies of memory reconstruction in which students viewed films of an automobile accident, the major influence on recall was which of the following?

Wording of questions the students were asked about the accident