psych quiz 1

artifact

"Men and women are equally prone to depression, but clinicians often fail to detect depressive symptoms in men." This statement reflects the _____ theory.

divorced people

In the United States, the highest depression rate is found in:

obsessions

Persistent thoughts, ideas, impulses, or images that seem to invade a person's consciousness are called:

behaviorism

Which explanation of depression has connected mood to the rewards in a person's life?

C. Contingency management

Which is NOT an example of a biological treatment for depression?

maladaptive assumptions

A belief of many early cognitive-behavioral therapists, and one that continues to be influential today, is that generalized anxiety disorder is induced by:

high motivation

A client factor that helps result in positive treatment outcome is:

psychophysiological test

A client is hooked up to an apparatus that measures galvanic skin response and blood pressure, after which the client verbally answers a series of questions. This is a(n):

evidence-based treatment.

A clinical psychologist says, "I select the best treatment for a client based on the current recommendations outlined in research studies." This clinical psychologist believes in using:

C. Cognitive-behavioral and sociocultural

A decrease in social rewards, especially a decrease in social support such as that found in a happy marriage, may precede the onset of depression, providing evidence for which theoretical perspectives?

D. the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon.

A friend asks you, "What's the name of that Tom Hanks' movie where a pirate takes over his ship and says, 'I'm the captain now'?" You remember the movie and know you know the title, but you can't think of it in the moment. This is an example of:

A. "Probably. About two-thirds of those receiving therapy for PTSD eventually show improvement."

A friend says to you, "I know someone who is a combat veteran who was just diagnosed with PTSD. Do you think therapy will help this person?" Which is the BEST answer you can give based on current research?

develop depression when under stress

A person who is isolated and lacks social support or intimacy is more likely to:

psychopharmacologist.

A person who primarily prescribes medication but does not conduct psychotherapy is called a:

prevention

A primary focus of the community mental health treatment approach to abnormality is:

is not led by a professional clinician

A self-help group differs from group therapy in that the self-help group:

emotional

A student who dreads being called on in class, and in fact panics at the thought of public speaking, is experiencing a(n) _____ response to stress.

physical

A student who turns pale and feels nauseated when called on to speak in class is experiencing a(n) _____ response to stress.

existential

A therapist who believes people often hide from their responsibilities and therefore often feel alienated, depressed, and inauthentic would MOST likely be described as:

humanistic

A therapist who describes her client as someone who has yet to fulfill his or her full potential, rather than as someone with a disorder, is MOST likely a _____ theorist.

naturalistic observation

A therapist's preferred method of assessing abnormal behavior is to watch clients in their everyday environments and record their activities and behaviors. This approach is known as:

C. an eidetic image.

A visual image that is retained so vividly that one can continue to scan it for more information is called:

this model dismisses the effect of nonbiological factors on behavior.

A weakness of the biological model of abnormal behavior is that:

negative thoughts

According to Beck, _____ are central to development of unipolar depression.

cognitive behavioral

According to a 2013 report (Prochaska & Norcross), the dominant approach used by clinical psychologists is:

rigid boundaries between family members

According to family systems theory, families that show disengagement are characterized by:

C. regression to the oral stage.

According to psychodynamic theory, depression results in part from:

staying in bed all day

An example of a behavioral symptom of depression is:

a mental status exam

An interviewer who asks a client questions such as "Where are you now?", "Why do you think you're here?", or even "Who are you?" is probably conducting a(n):

A. depressed behavior leads to even fewer opportunities for social rewards.

Cognitive-behaviorists explain the downward spiral of depression by theorizing that:

more than five times as many diagnostic categories.

Compared with the original DSM, which was published in 1952, DSM-5 has:

D. cognitive-behavioral, interpersonal, and biological treatments are all effective treatments.

Conclusions from extensive studies of the effectiveness of various forms of treatment for depression show that:

special external pressures faced by members of a culture.

Current multicultural perspectives are MOST likely to focus on the:

diagnosis

Deciding that a client's psychological problems represent a particular disorder is called:

conducted an unstructured interview

Dr. Lamoureux has just asked a potential client to talk about herself. After the client responds, the clinician asks a question based on an interesting point the client made. There are few constraints on the conversation. Dr. Lamoureux has just:

systematic desensitization

Dylan is suffering from arachnophobia. His therapist first has him go through relaxation training, and then has him construct a fear hierarchy. Finally, the therapist has Dylan go through a phase of graded pairings of spiders and relaxation responses. This approach is called:

case studies.

Evidence of the effectiveness of psychodynamic therapy comes from:

behavioral activation

Focusing on the addition of positive activities to the life of a patient with depression is a behavioral technique known as:

Yes, the risk is great; more than one-third of sexual assault victims and about half of terror victims experience PTSD.

How concerned should we be about victims of sexual assault and terror? Is there a very great risk that they will experience PTSD?

response inventory

If a clinician wanted to know more detailed information about a person's functioning in a specific area, the clinician would use a:

C. interpersonal therapy.

If your therapist encouraged you to explore your roles in life and how they might be changing or how your expectations might be different from someone else's, your therapist would be using:

parasympathetic nervous system

Imagine that you just had a "close call" while driving, but now you feel your body returning to normal. Which part of your nervous system is controlling this return to normalcy?

B. all events beginning with the trauma but within a limited period of time.

In the MOST common type of dissociative amnesia, a person loses memory for:

cognitive

In the face of fear, a person is unable to concentrate and develops a distorted view of the world. This person is showing which fear response?

modeling

It is not unusual for people to attempt suicide after observing or reading about someone else who has done so. This is referred to as:

state-dependent learning

Kevin studies his history notes and textbook while he is drinking beer. According to some theorists, Kevin would later do better on his history exam if he also had alcohol in his system while taking the exam. These theorists would be basing their claim on:

D. a belief that one has no control over the events in one's life.

Martin Seligman developed a theory based on the idea that depression results from:

Norepinephrine

Panic disorder appears to be related to abnormal activity of which neurotransmitter?

B. bipolar II rapid cycling.

Someone who experiences four or more alternations between mild mania and major depression within a one-year time span would be classified as having:

early in the assessment process and in a hospital setting.

Studies show that errors in diagnosis MOST commonly involve information gathered:

behavioral

Talking rapidly, dressing flamboyantly, and getting involved in dangerous activities are _____ symptoms of mania.

physical illness

The LEAST common predictor of suicide is:

the sociocultural model

The MOST well-developed understanding of the causes of suicide come from the:

neuropsychological test

The assessment instrument MOST likely to be used to detect subtle brain abnormalities is the:

the responses come from the clients unconscious

The assumption behind the use of projective tests as assessment tools is that:

A. relatives of people with generalized anxiety are more likely to have it than nonrelatives are.

The biological understanding of generalized anxiety is supported by the finding that:

misinterpret body sensations

The cognitive explanation for panic disorders is that people who have them:

B. a view that ties together many of the factors that are included in other theories.

The developmental psychopathology perspective of depression can be characterized as:

C. cyclothymic disorder.

The disorder marked by numerous periods of hypomanic symptoms and mild depressive symptoms is called:

emotional

The experience of constant weeping would be considered a(n) _____ symptom of depression.

modifying the client's negative behavior and dysfunctional ways of thinking.

The goal of cognitive-behavioral therapy is BEST described as:

biological

The model of abnormality that cites physical processes as being the key to behavior is the _____ model.

sociocultural

The model of abnormality that examines the effects of society and culture is the _______ model.

cognitive behavioral

The model of abnormality that focuses on learning and the thinking that underlies behavior is the _____ model.

human existential

The model of abnormality that focuses on the role of values and choices in behavior is the _____ model.

psychodynamic

The model of abnormality that focuses on unconscious internal processes and conflicts in behavior is the _______ model.

rapprochement.

The movement that has tried to find the common factors and strategies that "good" therapists use is called:

past traumatic experiences

The sociocultural model of abnormality focuses on all of these factors EXCEPT:

biological

The strongest evidence for the cause of bipolar disorders BEST supports which theoretical perspective?

Psychodynamic

The theoretical position that explains the origin of anxiety disorders as the overrun of defense mechanisms by neurotic or moral anxiety is the _____ approach.

roger's client centered theory

The theory that states people develop generalized anxiety disorders because they failed to receive unconditional positive regard as children and evaluate themselves with conditions of worth is:

client therapist relationship

The three MOST common factors that contribute to a positive treatment outcome are client factors, therapist factors, and:

all therapies are equal

The uniformity myth is based on the false belief that:

2 years

To receive a diagnosis of persistent depressive disorder with dysthymic syndrome, an individual must have experienced symptoms for at least:

idiographic

When dealing with a new client, the clinical practitioner's major focus is to gather which type of information?

C. Feels detached from his or her own body

Which BEST describes someone with depersonalization?

cognitive behavioral therapy

Which approach helps people with depression identify and change the maladaptive assumptions and negative thoughts that contribute to their psychological disorder?

interventions

Which is NOT one of the three categories of clinical assessment techniques used by mental health professionals?

developmental psychology

Which perspective focuses on the intersection and context of important factors at key points of time throughout a person's lifespan?

Clinicians' biases can influence how they interpret the information obtained from clinical interviews.

Which statement about clinical interviews is TRUE?

B. Of those individuals who call suicide prevention centers, fewer commit suicide than those who don't call who are in a similar risk group.

Which statement about the successes of suicide prevention programs is MOST accurate?

D. Cognitive-behavioral therapy significantly improves depressive symptoms in 50 to 60 percent of clients.

Which statement is TRUE about the research on the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in treating unipolar depression?

A. They involve major changes in memory.

Which statement is TRUE regarding dissociative disorders?

D. Suicidal behavior is not classified as a mental disorder in DSM-5, but it represents psychological dysfunction.

Which statement is TRUE regarding suicide as a mental disorder?

Abnormality results from the interaction of genetic, biological, emotional, behavioral, cognitive, social, cultural, and societal influences.

Which statement is the BEST example of the biopsychosocial perspective?

sociocultural

Who wouldn't be afraid all the time? We have the bomb, overpopulation, AIDS, and violent crime everywhere. It's difficult to get a good job unless you're a computer genius." This complaint is consistent with a _____ explanation of generalized anxiety disorder.

C. The stigma associated with suicide makes people hesitant to report it.

Why do many people think that estimates of the rates of suicide are inaccurate?

A. It is rare or nonexistent in certain countries.

Why do some researchers believe dissociative identity disorder is culture-bound?

The processes described in this model occur at an unconscious level.

Why is the psychodynamic model difficult to research?

lend itself easily to research

With its emphasis on abstract human values and responsibility, the humanistic-existential model does all of the following EXCEPT:

A. Reactive depression; endogenous depression

_____ follows clear-cut stressful events, whereas _____ seems to be a response to internal factors.

greater reliability, greater validity

compared with projective tests, personality inventories generally have:

psycodynamic therapists

seek to uncover past traumas and the inner conflicts that have resulted from them.