PSYCH SB CH 13
Which of the following is NOT a side effect of the SSRI type of antidepressant drug?
memory difficulties
The prefrontal lobotomy procedure, as practiced by Walter Freeman, sought to alleviate severe symptoms of mental illness with surgeries that lasted how long?
minutes
A therapist who uses the technique of reflective speech does which of the following?
mirrors the client's own feelings back to them
One argument against group therapy is the possibility that _____ emotions will spread through the group.
negative
_____ are the most widely used class of antipsychotic drugs.
neuroleptics
most antidepressant drugs work by changing the concentration of specific ____________ in the brain
neurotransmitters
While the exact mechanism is not known, lithium is thought to influence mood by influencing _____ levels. (Select all that apply.)
norepinephrine serotonin
Humanistic therapists are known for using reflective speech and a nondirective approach to treatment. This is indicative of the therapist's attempt to help but _____.
not to lead the client to any particular revelation
Contemporary psychodynamic therapies differ from the original approach in that contemporary practitioners do which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
now typically have their clients sit in a chair typically see their clients less frequently and for a shorter time place more importance on the conscious mind
SSRI drugs work by increasing the levels of ________________ in the brain
serotonin
Critics of group therapy argue that some types of people will be left out and not receive the attention they need during group sessions. What type of person are these critics referring to?
shy, withdrawn individuals
MAO inhibitors are used less often than the tricyclic antidepressants because of potential interactions with which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
some alcoholic beverages cheese and other fermented foods
Which of the following disorders might be successfully treated with aversion therapy?
substance abuse disorder
A potential side effect of taking neuroleptic drugs is _____.
tardive dyskinesia
Unlike the earlier psychosurgery techniques, modern surgeries _____. (Select all that apply.)
target the amygdala or other part of the limbic system use small lesions and are much more precise
no specific ___________ or therapy has been identified as more effective than the other
treatment
MAO inhibitors are sometimes prescribed when it has been found that _____ have not been effective.
tricyclics
True or false: A culturally competent therapist demonstrates respect for the client's cultural beliefs and practices while balancing therapeutic goals.
true
True or false: Although some therapies are better for specific disorders, no therapy is generally better than any other type of therapy.
true
True or false: Cognitive treatment works to change behavior or feelings by changing thoughts.
true
True or false: Drug therapy involves the use of drugs to treat psychological disorders.
true
True or false: Electroconvulsive therapy sets off a seizure in the brain.
true
True or false: Transference is psychoanalytic term for the client reliving important relationships via the therapist.
true
The concept of authenticity is used by humanistic therapists and involves letting a client know the _____.
true feelings of the therapist
A humanistic therapist who expresses feelings of acceptance toward a client, regardless of what the client has done or feels, is expressing ____________ ______________ regard.
unconditional positive
A therapist who uses client-centered therapy and endeavors to create a warm and caring environment, never disapproving of the client as a person, is engaging in _____.
unconditional positive regard
The purpose of free association is to allow the therapist the opportunity to identify connections between what a patient says and the patient's _____.
unconscious thoughts
In the practice of integrative therapy, a therapist might do which three of the following?
use a behavioral approach alongside a psychodynamic approach use a cognitive form of therapy and a medical treatment option treat the same individual with both pyschotherapy and drug therapy
People are given a drug that causes vomiting and nausea whenever they drink alcohol. What is this an example of?
aversive conditioning
The class of antidepressants known as MAO inhibitors are thought to work because they block the enzyme monoamine oxidase, which operates in the synapse by _____.
breaking down serotonin and norepinephrine
MAO inhibitors work because they block an enzyme that _____.
breaks down norepinephrine and serotonin
While the specific drug action is not clearly established, which of the following drugs is widely used to treat bipolar disorder?
lithium
For many clinical disorders, _____ sessions of treatment are better than receiving no treatment.
12-14
During what period did community psychology gain popularity?
1960s
Which of these are closely aligned with the biological approach to therapy? (Select all that apply.)
ECT antidepressants psychocurgery
Research has shown that the match between _____ and a client's personality can influence how effective their treatment will be.
a therapist's style
Who identified the common logical errors in thinking as "perceiving the world as harmful while ignoring evidence to the contrary," "overgeneralizing on the basis of limited examples," "magnifying the importance of undesirable events," and "engaging in absolutist thinking"?
aaron beck
Moniz developed the original lobotomy procedure, and Freeman developed his own version using a surgical instrument similar to what?
an ice pick
_____ drugs make an individual calmer and less excitable.
antianxiety
_________________drugs reduce the level of anxiety a person can experience and increase feelings of well-being.
antianxiety
Tricyclics, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and monoamine oxidase inhibitors are examples of what type of drug?
antidepressant
_____ drugs are used to reduce severe symptoms of disturbance, such as loss of touch with reality and agitation.
antipsychotic
Drugs that block the action of the dopamine system are given to individuals who are thought to have too much dopamine. This type of drug is known as a(n) _____.
antipsychotic neuroleptic
Psychotherapeutic drugs are used mainly in which of the following diagnostic categories? (Select all that apply.)
anxiety disorders mood disorders schizophrenia
Which of the following are the newest type of antipsychotic drugs?
atypical antipsychotic medications
Which of the following are assumptions of Beck's cognitive therapy? (Select all that apply.)
automatic thoughts should be examined psychological problems result when people think illogically the goal of therapy should be to help people recognize and change thinking that is self-defeating
The traditional goal for therapy, which has been recognized as often more central to men than women, has been _____.
autonomy or self-determination
Ray's therapist has suggested a procedure whereby each time Ray consumes an alcoholic drink, he also has to consume a mixture that induces nausea. What is Ray's therapist suggesting?
aversive
A form of therapy that reduces the frequency of undesired behavior by pairing an unpleasant stimulus with undesired behavior is which of the following?
aversive conditioning
Which of the following types of therapy offers action-oriented strategies and uses principles of learning to help clients?
behavioral therapy
_____ work by binding to receptor sites that become overactive during a period of anxiety.
benzodiazepines
Benzodiazepines work by _____.
binding to receptor sites that become overactive during a period of anxiety
Drug therapy, electroconvulsive therapy, and psychosurgery are all examples of what kind of therapy?
biological
The _______________approach to therapy involves treatments that address symptoms of psychological disorders by altering aspects of bodily functioning.
biological
Which of the following is NOT one of the four major approaches to psychotherapy?
biological
Freud referred to the release of emotional tension a person experiences when reliving an emotionally charged and conflicting event as _____.
catharsis
Psychodynamic/psychoanalytic therapists sometimes encourage their clients to discuss, and in a sense relive, emotionally charged events. This is referred to as _____.
catharsis
Cognitive restructuring is designed to do which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
change a pattern of thought that is causing a maladaptive behavior change a pattern of thought that is causing maladaptive emotion
Dr. Addison is a behavior therapist. When she explains what she does, which of the following are included in the explanation?
classical conditioning techniques operant conditioning techniques
the field of psychology that focuses on the integration of science and theory to prevent and treat psychological disorders is ____________ psychology
clinical
_____ treatment approaches teach people to think in more adaptive ways by changing their dysfunctional thoughts about the world and themselves.
cognitive
______________treatment approaches teach people to think in more adaptive ways by changing their dysfunctional cognitions about the world and about themselves.
cognitive
____________therapies emphasize that thoughts are the main source of psychological problems.
cognitive
Changing a pattern of thought that is presumed to be causing maladaptive behavior or emotion is called _____.
cognitive restructuring
________________-_______________therapy combines reducing self-defeating thoughts and behavior change.
cognitive-behavior
If a therapist has a client repeat reinforcing self-statements such as "I won't worry. Worry doesn't help anything," "I have a lot of different strategies I can call on," and "I can meet the challenge," then the therapist is using _____ therapy.
cognitive-behavioral
Cultures that place more importance on the group, known as _____ cultures, can reflect different mental health needs than Western cultures.
collectivist
_____ mental health is based on the idea that individuals with disorders ought to remain within society and with their families while receiving treatment.
community
Marc is receiving outpatient treatment while living at home rather than receiving services at an inpatient hospital. This is reflective of the _________________ _____________ ______________ movement
community mental health
In psychoanalysis, Freud's technique emphasized the idea that current problems could be traced to which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
conflicts about sexuality early childhood experiences experiences not available to the conscious mind
In contrast to psychodynamic therapies, humanistic therapies emphasize _____ thoughts.
conscious
Psychoanalytic therapists deem the interpretation of their clients' words and actions to be important because what a client says and does _____.
contains hidden messages
Jorge is a therapist who has a doctoral degree and specializes in career counseling for adults in mid-life transition by providing his clients with support and practical advice for their lives. Most likely he is a _____________psychologist.
counseling
therapy conducted with two people who are having trouble with their relationship is called __________ therapy
couples
A therapist's understanding that certain techniques, such as CBT, may clash with a client's cultural beliefs reflects ___________-______________ competence
cross cultural
When a therapist is treating a client, the client's environmental or _____________ influences are also relevant.
cultural
In the process of _________________, large numbers of patients were moved from inpatient mental institutions to community-based facilities.
deinstitutionalization
The transfer of former mental patients out of institutions and into the community is called _____.
deplorable conditions inside some psychiatric facilities
Antipsychotic drugs do which of the following in individuals with severe psychological disorders? (Select all that apply.)
diminish agitated behavior improve social behavior reduce tension decrease hallucinations
Neuroleptics are drugs that block the action of which of the following?
dopamine
The most common form of biomedical therapy is _____.
drug therapy
Which procedure used in the treatment of severe depression involves an electric current being briefly administered to a patient's brain?
electroconvulsive therapy
Through _____, a humanistic therapist strives to put himself or herself in the client's shoes and try to feel what the client is feeling.
empathy
Client-centered therapy is a humanistic therapy that emphasizes which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
encouraging the client to gain insight into problems providing a warm, supportive atmosphere helping to identify and understand the client's genuine feelings
_____ means that decisions about treatment are made using the best available research and considering the therapist's clinical judgment and client characteristics, culture, and preferences.
evidence based practice
Martin is a therapist who reviews current research and takes his clients' characteristics, culture, and characteristics along with his clinical judgment into consideration when providing psychotherapy. According to your text, he is utilizing __________- _____________ practice
evidence-based
Self-instructional methods can be used in therapy by giving the client which of the following?
examples of constructive statements and asking them to repeat the statements
Psychoanalytic therapists consider dream analysis to be an outlet for which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
expressing unconscious wishes, conflicts, and thoughts
True or false: Most clinical psychologists also have an MD or medical degree.
false
True or false: Psychosurgery is the fixing of a brain structure to improve an individual's adjustment.
false
_______________therapists meet with the all members of this group so that they can speak freely for the therapist to see how they interact.
family
sasha, her three children,and her partner are all going to see a therapist, they will participate in __________ therapy
family
The concept of empathy as it is used in humanistic therapy is a therapist's attempt to _____.
feel the emotions that the client is feeling
Ethnic-specific services that have been found to help retain clients in many cases have better treatment outcomes include having which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
flexible hours for treatment bicultural/billingual staff culturally appropriate greetings
Which of the following statements concerning psychotherapy is FALSE?
for many clinical disorders, no treatment is better than receiving a treatment
Psychoanalysts using the technique of_______________ association tell patients to say aloud whatever comes to mind, regardless of its apparent irrelevance or senselessness.
free
The psychodynamic approaches to therapy are based largely on whose theories?
freud
Some of the cultural issues in therapy include factors such as which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
gender religious beliefs socioeconomic status ethnicity
Which of the following types of professionals cannot write prescriptions for drugs? (Select all that apply.)
gestalt therapists clinical psychologists counselors
In ____________therapy, several unrelated people meet with a therapist to discuss some aspect of their psychological functioning.
group
How do humanistic therapists see their role?
guiding or facilitating role.
Established by Carl Rogers, client-centered therapy attempts to help a patient by which of the following?
helping patients identify and understanding their feelings
Therapists using _______________techniques seek to help people understand themselves, self-actualize, and find ways to come closer to the ideal they hold for themselves.
humanistic
_____ therapy has the underlying rationale that people are basically good, have control of their behavior, can make choices about their lives, and are essentially able to solve their own problems.
humanistic
Ella's therapist has told her that he practices insight therapy in which an important therapeutic goal is gaining insight. Ella's therapist is most likely either _____ or _____.
humanistic; psychodynamic
Which two of the following are goals of the cognitive therapist?
identifying and challenging thinking that is self-defeating changing patterns of thought presumed to cause maladaptive functioning
The psychodynamic approach and the humanistic approach are both examples of which more general term?
insight therapy
Which of the following are risk factors associated with MAO inhibitors?
interactions with cheese and fermented foods can raise blood pressure, increasing the risk of strokes
The SSRI type of antidepressant drugs acts by doing which of the following?
interfering with he re absorption of serotonin in the brain
Antidepressant drugs can affect mood by doing which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
interfering with the reabsorption of serotonin in the brain blocking the enzyme monoamine oxidase increasing the levels of norepinephrine and serotonin
In the psychoanalytic approach, the fact that the true meanings of an individual's words and actions often come from the unconscious means that an important task for the psychoanalyst is _____.
interpretation
Compared to early, crude lobotomies, modern psychosurgery _____.
is performed much less often
Which of the following are critiques of ECT? (Select all that apply.)
it does not produce long-term improvement when it does work, we do not know why after treatments, patients often experience disorientation, confusion, and sometimes memory loss that may remain for months
Which of the following is the best explanation of tardive dyskinesia?
it is a neurological disorder that is the possible consequence of taking neuroleptics
Which of the following are true of psychoanalysis? (Select all that apply.)
it is freud's therapeutic technique for analyzing a person's unconscious thoughts it assumes that early childhood experiences are important influences on adult behavior free association and dream analysis are important components of psychoanaysis
Which of the following statements describe how cognitive therapy works? (Select all that apply.)
it is relatively short-term to some therapies it emphasizes thought or cognition it focuses on overt symptoms, not covert ones
Which of the following is NOT a side effect of antianxiety drugs?
kidney and thyroid gland complications
The type of dream content that is the unconscious, hidden aspects is known as the _____ content.
latent
The philosophy of therapy that is based on operant conditioning is that maladaptive behaviors are _____.
learned and can be unlearned
When a client-centered therapist relates to a client with authenticity, the therapist does which of the following?
lets the client know the feelings of the therapist
ECT is given mainly to individuals who have not responded to drug therapy or psychotherapy, and its administration involves which of the following?
little discomfort
The initial form of psychosurgery, a prefrontal ______________ , consisted of surgically destroying or removing parts of a patient's frontal lobes, which, surgeons thought, controlled emotionality
lobotomy
Which of the following are side effects of antianxiety drugs? (Select all that apply.)
loss of coordination fatigue mental slowness
Which four of the following are erroneous ways of thinking associated with Beck's approach to cognitive therapy?
magnifying the importance of undesirable events engaging in absolutist thinking overgeneralizing on the basis of limited examples perceiving the world as harmful while ignoring evidence to the contrary
In psychoanalytic theory, the surface description of a dream is called its _____ content, whereas the true unconscious meaning of the dream is called its _____ content.
manifest; latent
Which of the following are true of Western therapies as applied to other cultures? (Select all that apply.)
many people in collectivist cultures rely more on discussing their problems with parents, friends, and relatives western cultures tend to be individualistic, centering on the individual, whereas other cultures may not have such an emphasis
A therapist who views a maladaptive behavior as a learned behavior that can be unlearned subscribes to the _____ approach.
operant conditioning
If a worker does not have formal mental health training but has been trained by a professional to provide some mental health services, this worker is known as a _____.
paraprofessional
Leslie co-facilitates an Alcoholics Anonymous group once per week at her local community center. While she has had some training, she does not have a graduate degree in counseling or clinical psychology. She would be referred to as which of the following?
paraprofessional
How do biological therapies reduce or eliminate the symptoms of psychological disorders? (Select all that apply.)
with psychosurgery through electroconvulsive therapy with drugs
A side effect of a prefrontal lobotomy is _____.
permanent and profound brain damage
A therapist who uses a variety of therapeutic approaches, depending on the specific diagnosis, is said to _____.
practice integrative therapy
During psychoanalysis, transference can do which of the following?
provide a model of how individuals relate to important people in their lives
Antianxiety drugs are useful because they do which of the following?
provide relief from high levels of anxiety and stress
Since psychoanalysts believe that thoughts related to mental distress are unconscious and hidden, they feel that dream analysis does which of the following?
provides a valuable outlet for unconscious processes
What type of psychological service provider has an MD, postgraduate training in abnormal behavior, and the ability to prescribe medication for psychological disorders?
psychiatrist
If your doctor writes you a prescription for anti-anxiety medication, this doctor is most likely which of the following?
psychiatrist or other medical doctor
Matt has been seeing a therapist several times a week for the past five years. During his sessions, he spends time free associating and talking about his past. What type of therapy is this?
psychodynamic
_____ therapy consists of guiding clients to consider their past experiences, from their first memories on, as well as uncovering unconscious conflict.
psychodynamic
Which of the following are considered to be the four major approaches to psychotherapy?
psychodynamic behavioral humanistic cognitive
A counseling psychologist is a _____.
psychologist with a phD, PsyD, or EdD who does therapy and counseling
What is the name for brain surgery that involves the removal of brain tissue to improve the individual's adjustment?
psychosurgery
____________________drugs are used mainly in three diagnostic categories: anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia.
psychotherapeutic
_______________is the use of nonmedical means to help individuals recognize and alleviate their problems.
psychotherapy
In a conversation, your friend states, "I don't believe in therapy because it doesn't work." Based on your reading, which of the following points would you use in response? (Select all that apply.)
psychotherapy is more effective than no treatment at all for psychological disorders psychotherapy grounded in theory may be effective for years after treatment
The goals of psychodynamic therapy are to help individuals to do which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
recognize the sources of their unconscious conflicts recognize their maladaptive coping skills
Which of the following are true of tricyclic medications? (Select all that apply.)
reduce depressive symptoms in 60 to 70 percent of people taking them tricyclics increase the level of certain neurotransmitters
The goal of behavior therapy is to _____.
reduce or eliminate maladaptive behavior
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) such as Prozac, Paxil, and Zoloft, are widely prescribed because they have fewer side effects than other antidepressants. They do have some side effects, however, including which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
reduced sexual functioning headache insomnia anxiety
The cognitive-behavioral approach uses the dual strategies of _____.
reducing self-defeating thoughts and changing behavior
In an attempt to get a client to identify and understand his or her own genuine feelings, a therapist using client-centered therapy might use which technique?
reflective speech
Antidepressant drugs
regulate mood increase or maintain the level of neurotransmitters in the brain
Some psychologists assert that psychotherapy with men may focus more on autonomy and self-determination, whereas psychotherapy with women should include __________and____________ to others.
relatedness; connection
Ivan is undergoing psychodynamic therapy. He is frequently late for therapy sessions. He sometimes argues with his therapist and may speak endlessly about trivial matters. His therapist describes this as
resistance
Psychoanalysts see a lack of cooperation during therapy as the unconscious strategy called _____.
resistance
Which FOUR of the following are side effects of the tricyclic antidepressant drugs?
restlessness faintness sleepiness memory difficulties
Which are the two most widely used atypical antipsychotic medications?
risperidone clozapine
Which the following are main classes of antidepressant? (Select all that apply.)
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors monoamine oxidase inhibitors
which the following are main classes of antidepressant
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors monoamine oxidase inhibitors
_____ represents an ability to master a situation and produce positive outcomes.
self-efficacy
________________-_______________is the idea that one can master a situation and produce positive outcomes.
self-efficacy
The ______________-______________ support group is conducted by a paraprofessional or a member of a common-interest group
self-help
_____ support groups are for individuals who tend to cope by seeking information and affiliations with peers. This type of group can also reduce stress and promote adjustment.
self-help
Studies have found that when there is a match between the therapist's and the client's ethnic background, which of the following may be observed? (Select all that apply.)
the client is likely to stay in treatment longer better treatment outcomes
Whereas the effectiveness of ECT, cognitive therapy, and drug therapy is comparable, ECT has the advantage in what way?
the speed with which alteration in mood is achieved
All of the following are factors that influence therapeutic progress for clients EXCEPT _____.
the therapist's use of new and innovative therapeutic techniques
For what reason are MAO inhibitors used less often than the tricyclic antidepressants?
the tricyclic antidepressants have relatively fewer side effects
What happens when patients quit taking their prescribed neuroleptic drugs?
their symptoms return because nueroleptics treat the symptoms, not the cause
Dr. Skelton considers herself to be a practitioner of contemporary psychodynamic therapy. Which of the following are most likely true of her therapeutic style? (Select all that apply.)
therapy sessions are less frequent than in the traditional version of psychoanalysis she probes the unconscious of the patient she places less emphasis on sex than traditional psychoanalysts do
Which of the following are true of humanistic psychotherapy? (Select all that apply.)
there is an emphasis on people's self-healing capacities the therapist provides a warm, supportive atmosphere people are encouraged to understand themselves
Cognitive therapies involve the basic assumptions that human beings have control over their feelings and how individuals feel about something depends on how they _______________about it.
think
Cognitive therapies involve the basic assumptions that human beings have control over their feelings and how individuals feel about something depends on how they____________ about it.
think
What complications are sometimes associated with the use of lithium? (Select all that apply.)
thyroid complications kidney complications
Antianxiety drugs are commonly known as _____.
tranquilizers
The term _____ describes the process, which may occur in therapy, in which feelings such as love or anger that had originally been directed to a significant person in the patient's life are directed toward the psychoanalyst.
transference
Which technique can a psychoanalyst use to help a patient examine past relationships that were psychologically difficult?
transference
Which of the following are examples of antianxiety drugs? (Select all that apply.)
xanax valium
