psych unit 1

Who was the first American psychologist, wrote the first American psychology textbook, and helped found the functionalist movement?

William James

Which psychologists study behaviors that helped our ancestors survive?

evolutionary psychologists

The topics of interest to positive psychologists most resemble topics studied by which other perspective?

humanism

Which modern psychological movement focuses on the study of optimal human functioning and the factors that allow individuals and communities to thrive?

positive psychology

Which theory of personality was established by Sigmund Freud?

psychoanalysis

Functionalism

theory that emphasize the functions of consciousness or the ways consciousness helps people adapt to their environment

Psychological perspectives are:

ways to explain human behavior.

The movement called positive psychology investigates such topics as:

wellness and healthy people fulfilling their potential

behavior genetics

20th ;The school of thought that focuses on how much are genes and our environment influence our individual differences.

evolutionary psychology

20th; focuses on the principles of natural selection to study the route of behavior and mental processes

Which psychologists were associated with the humanistic psychology movement?

Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers

Basic research

Aims to increase the scientific knowledge base, finding new info

Piaget

Cognitive development, children's thought process

Carl Rogers

Developed "client-centered" therapy And stressed importance of acceptance genuineness and empathy and fostering in human growth

John B Watson

Founder of behaviorism

E. B. Titchener

Founder of structuralism

The first psychology laboratory was established in ________ by ________.

Germany; Wilhelm Wundt

Which early psychological perspective emphasized our tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes?

Gestalt

Kenneth and Mamie Phipps Clark's major contribution to the history of psychology involved what kind of research?

How children's attitudes were shaped by segregated schools

social-culture perspective

How thinking and behavior change depending on the situation or as a result of cultural influences

Abraham Maslow

Humanistic psychologist known for his "Hierarchy of Needs" and the concept of "self-actualization"

Humanistic psychology

Maslow and Rogers; Focuses on the study of conscious experience, the individuals freedom to choose, and the capacity for personal growth

Applied research

Solve practical problems

Mamie and Kenneth Clark

Research used in brown versus Board of Education to end separate but equal

Psychology:

Scientific study of mental processes and behavior

Why was the research of Kenneth and Mamie Phipps Clark significant in the history of psychology?

The Clarks' findings were used by the Supreme Court to declare segregated schools unconstitutional

What makes psychology a science?

The methods psychologists use to ask and answer questions.

Which of the following statements best defines the field of psychology?

The scientific study of behavior and mental processes

behaviorism

The theory that psychology should only study observable behaviors not mental processes

Structuralism

Theory that the structure of conscious experience could be understood by analyzing the basic elements of thought and sensations

Psychoanalysis

Unconscious thoughts and impulses affects thinking and behavior

Which of the following psychologists would most likely agree with this statement: "Studying the elements of our conscious experience is not enough: we must also study the ways these elements help us adapt to our environment."

William James

Which school of thought focuses on how we learn observable responses?

behavioral

Which of the following psychological perspectives would an evolutionary psychologist most likely be interested in?

biological

Which psychological approach explains human behavior in the context of understanding the chemicals, hormones, and physical structures of the body?

biological

The behavior genetics perspective can be described as a combination of which two other psychological perspectives?

biological and behavioral

Ivan Pavlov

classical conditioning

Wilhem Wundt

father of psychology, First psychology laboratory, introspection

Humanistic Perspective

focuses on how healthy people strive to reach their full potential. Believes that people are basically good and that our very nature is such that we could reach perfection

positive psychology

focuses on the study of optimal human functioning

Sigmund Freud

founder of psychoanalysis

The idea that unconscious thoughts and impulses influence thinking and behavior is a key element of which psychological theory?

functionalism

William James suggested that psychologists should study the ways consciousness helps people adapt to their environment. This view gave rise to which early school of thought?

functionalism

William James

functionalism, 1st psychology textbook

Wilhelm Wundt is often called the "father" of modern psychology because:

he opened the first psychology laboratory.

Biological Perspective

how are biological structures and substances underlie a given behavior, thought or emotion

psychodynamic perspective

how we are affected by unconscious drives and conflicts

Behavioral Perspective

how we learn the rewards and punishments and observation

cognitive perspective

how we process information

Wilhelm Wundt attempted to understand human consciousness by asking research participants to systematically describe their own conscious experiences. This process is called:

introspection.

William James believed that we develop useful habits because they help us function more effectively in our environments. His ideas best support which of the following?

nurture

BF Skinner

operant conditioning

Psychologists who focus on understanding unconscious drives and conflicts in explaining human behavior use which psychological perspective?

psychodynamic

Gestalt Psychology

psychological perspective that emphasized our tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes

Behaviorists like John Watson and B.F. Skinner emphasized that:

psychology should focus exclusively on studying observable behaviors.

Which of the following is the best definition of the term "basic research"?

research done to increase the scientific knowledge base of psychology

Which of the following is the best definition of the term "applied research"?

research intended to solve practical problems

Which group of early psychologists, led by E.B. Titchener, believed that consciousness could best be understood by analyzing the basic elements of thoughts and sensations?

structuralists

Today, half of all psychology Ph.D.s and two-thirds of all psychology graduate students are:

women