psych unit 1
Who was the first American psychologist, wrote the first American psychology textbook, and helped found the functionalist movement?
William James
Which psychologists study behaviors that helped our ancestors survive?
evolutionary psychologists
The topics of interest to positive psychologists most resemble topics studied by which other perspective?
humanism
Which modern psychological movement focuses on the study of optimal human functioning and the factors that allow individuals and communities to thrive?
positive psychology
Which theory of personality was established by Sigmund Freud?
psychoanalysis
Functionalism
theory that emphasize the functions of consciousness or the ways consciousness helps people adapt to their environment
Psychological perspectives are:
ways to explain human behavior.
The movement called positive psychology investigates such topics as:
wellness and healthy people fulfilling their potential
behavior genetics
20th ;The school of thought that focuses on how much are genes and our environment influence our individual differences.
evolutionary psychology
20th; focuses on the principles of natural selection to study the route of behavior and mental processes
Which psychologists were associated with the humanistic psychology movement?
Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers
Basic research
Aims to increase the scientific knowledge base, finding new info
Piaget
Cognitive development, children's thought process
Carl Rogers
Developed "client-centered" therapy And stressed importance of acceptance genuineness and empathy and fostering in human growth
John B Watson
Founder of behaviorism
E. B. Titchener
Founder of structuralism
The first psychology laboratory was established in ________ by ________.
Germany; Wilhelm Wundt
Which early psychological perspective emphasized our tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes?
Gestalt
Kenneth and Mamie Phipps Clark's major contribution to the history of psychology involved what kind of research?
How children's attitudes were shaped by segregated schools
social-culture perspective
How thinking and behavior change depending on the situation or as a result of cultural influences
Abraham Maslow
Humanistic psychologist known for his "Hierarchy of Needs" and the concept of "self-actualization"
Humanistic psychology
Maslow and Rogers; Focuses on the study of conscious experience, the individuals freedom to choose, and the capacity for personal growth
Applied research
Solve practical problems
Mamie and Kenneth Clark
Research used in brown versus Board of Education to end separate but equal
Psychology:
Scientific study of mental processes and behavior
Why was the research of Kenneth and Mamie Phipps Clark significant in the history of psychology?
The Clarks' findings were used by the Supreme Court to declare segregated schools unconstitutional
What makes psychology a science?
The methods psychologists use to ask and answer questions.
Which of the following statements best defines the field of psychology?
The scientific study of behavior and mental processes
behaviorism
The theory that psychology should only study observable behaviors not mental processes
Structuralism
Theory that the structure of conscious experience could be understood by analyzing the basic elements of thought and sensations
Psychoanalysis
Unconscious thoughts and impulses affects thinking and behavior
Which of the following psychologists would most likely agree with this statement: "Studying the elements of our conscious experience is not enough: we must also study the ways these elements help us adapt to our environment."
William James
Which school of thought focuses on how we learn observable responses?
behavioral
Which of the following psychological perspectives would an evolutionary psychologist most likely be interested in?
biological
Which psychological approach explains human behavior in the context of understanding the chemicals, hormones, and physical structures of the body?
biological
The behavior genetics perspective can be described as a combination of which two other psychological perspectives?
biological and behavioral
Ivan Pavlov
classical conditioning
Wilhem Wundt
father of psychology, First psychology laboratory, introspection
Humanistic Perspective
focuses on how healthy people strive to reach their full potential. Believes that people are basically good and that our very nature is such that we could reach perfection
positive psychology
focuses on the study of optimal human functioning
Sigmund Freud
founder of psychoanalysis
The idea that unconscious thoughts and impulses influence thinking and behavior is a key element of which psychological theory?
functionalism
William James suggested that psychologists should study the ways consciousness helps people adapt to their environment. This view gave rise to which early school of thought?
functionalism
William James
functionalism, 1st psychology textbook
Wilhelm Wundt is often called the "father" of modern psychology because:
he opened the first psychology laboratory.
Biological Perspective
how are biological structures and substances underlie a given behavior, thought or emotion
psychodynamic perspective
how we are affected by unconscious drives and conflicts
Behavioral Perspective
how we learn the rewards and punishments and observation
cognitive perspective
how we process information
Wilhelm Wundt attempted to understand human consciousness by asking research participants to systematically describe their own conscious experiences. This process is called:
introspection.
William James believed that we develop useful habits because they help us function more effectively in our environments. His ideas best support which of the following?
nurture
BF Skinner
operant conditioning
Psychologists who focus on understanding unconscious drives and conflicts in explaining human behavior use which psychological perspective?
psychodynamic
Gestalt Psychology
psychological perspective that emphasized our tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes
Behaviorists like John Watson and B.F. Skinner emphasized that:
psychology should focus exclusively on studying observable behaviors.
Which of the following is the best definition of the term "basic research"?
research done to increase the scientific knowledge base of psychology
Which of the following is the best definition of the term "applied research"?
research intended to solve practical problems
Which group of early psychologists, led by E.B. Titchener, believed that consciousness could best be understood by analyzing the basic elements of thoughts and sensations?
structuralists
Today, half of all psychology Ph.D.s and two-thirds of all psychology graduate students are:
women