Psychological Disorders 3360 - Final Fall 2021
Some multicultural theorists believe that borderline personality disorder is actually a person's reaction to persistent feelings of marginality, powerlessness, and social failure. If they are correct, then the disorder is a result of: childhood abuse social inequalities biological factors psychological factors
social inequalities
Where do most people receive treatment for a substance use disorder? an inpatient rehabilitation center a private physician's office an outpatient mental health center a self-help group
a self-help group
Zach is a resident in a psychiatric ward. He receives a plastic chip whenever he gets dressed on his own, speaks normally, and follows ward rules. He can then exchange the plastic chips he has earned for extra privileges, such as food, cigarettes, or time playing video games. This example illustrates the basic features: social therapy milieu therapy a behavioral contract a token economy
a token economy
Dr. Nguyen looks for a biological cause of an erectile disorder. What type of problem would she MOST productively look for? a neurological problem a reproductive problem a vascular problem a renal problem
a vascular problem
Henry is drinking at a party. The first effects he experiences are changes in: judgment the language center memory motor control
judgment
When a child with autism spectrum disorder says, "You want a drink," when he really means that he wants a drink, he is displaying: limited personalization self-stimulant behavior delayed echolalia pronominal reversal
pronominal reversal
Which of the following factors have sociocultural theorists suggested may be a cause for borderline personality disorder? traditional family structures nontraditional family structures "helicopter" parents who are clinging and dependent on their children rapid social change
rapid social change
A person with _____ is repeatedly and intensely sexually aroused by the act of being humiliated, beaten, or made to suffer. frotteuristic disorder pedophilic disorder sexual masochism disorder masturbatory satiation
sexual masochism disorder
A friend of yours says, "A 15-year-old high school student accused of shooting several classmates received a diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder." Your accurate reply would be: "It's likely the student has a combination of two or more personality disorders." "No, the student is too young for that diagnosis." "But people with antisocial personality disorder almost never behave in a criminal or violent way." "Yes, people with antisocial behavior sometimes engage in criminal activities."
"No, the student is too young for that diagnosis."
Someone says to you, "Homeless people scare me. They're all crazy." Based on research, what is the BEST response? "You should be scared. Mentally ill homeless people are usually violent." "Unfortunately, about a quarter of homeless people have schizophrenia." "That's a big myth. Virtually no homeless people are truly schizophrenic." "It's true that most homeless people experience a serious psychotic disorder."
"Unfortunately, about a quarter of homeless people have schizophrenia."
Shayla stopped taking her regular amount of cocaine after using it for months. She will probably experience: excitement, insomnia, and hallucinations. "crashing"—headaches, depressed feelings, and dizziness. pain, sweating, mania, and nausea. dramatic tremors of the hands and face, very rapid heart rate, and convulsions
"crashing"—headaches, depressed feelings, and dizziness.
According to surveys, how many transgender people in the United States have reported that they have been harassed or attacked at school, at work, or in their communities as a result of being transgender? 80 to 90 percent 10 to 15 percent 25 percent 50 percent
80 to 90 percent
What differentiates a person with gender dysphoria from a transgender person? A person with gender dysphoria is content with his or her transgendered experiences. People with gender dysphoria want reassignment surgery; transgender people do not. A person with gender dysphoria experiences extreme distress and impairment over his or her gender incongruence. A transgender person is unhappy with his or her biological gender; a person with gender dysphoria is not.
A person with gender dysphoria experiences extreme distress and impairment over his or her gender incongruence.
Marijuana is considered to be: A stimulant A unique substance with depressant, stimulant, and hallucinogenic effects A hallucinogen An opioid
A unique substance with depressant, stimulant, and hallucinogenic effects
How is the brain's reward circuit involved in substance abuse? The substance activates the reward center in the brain. It is possible that people who abuse substances may have a reward deficiency syndrome. All of the multiple choice responses for this answer are correct. The substance activates the dopamine neurotransmitter in the brain which is associated with pleasure.
All of the multiple choice responses for this answer are correct.
Of the following people, the MOST likely to exhibit a substance use disorder would be a(n): African Americans Asian Americans American Indians; Native Americans non-Hispanic Caucasian Americans
American Indians; Native Americans
Which of the following has been used in efforts to treat alcohol abuse? Mood stabilizers Antabuse Systematic desensitization EMDR
Antabuse
Which statement below BEST supports the dopamine hypothesis for schizophrenia? Antipsychotic drugs increase the rate of firing at dopamine receptor sites. Like those with Parkinsonism, those with schizophrenia have unusually low levels of dopamine. Dopamine levels vary across the different kinds of schizophrenia. Antipsychotic drugs often produce Parkinsonian symptoms.
Antipsychotic drugs often produce Parkinsonian symptoms
Why do very young children rarely experience hopelessness? Young children don't experience traumatic life events that can lead to such a pessimistic outlook. Young children only exhibit negative physical symptoms, they don't experience negative emotional symptoms. Children must have the cognitive ability to hold expectations about the future, a skill rarely developed completely before the age of 7. Early childhood is a time of great joy that serves as an emotional protector for later life.
Children must have the cognitive ability to hold expectations about the future, a skill rarely developed completely before the age of 7.
Nations that pioneered normalization in the treatment of intellectual disability include: Russia and India Japan and Thailand the United States and Canada Denmark and Sweden
Denmark and Sweden
According to the research, what is the most effective ADHD treatment program? Cognitive behavioral therapy works better than even methylphenidate. Marital therapy for the parents to reduce stress in the home Drugs, combined with cognitive-behavioral therapy, work best. Dietary changes work best in the long term
Drugs, combined with cognitive-behavioral therapy, work best.
Which of the following is FALSE about Genito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration Disorder? An infection of the vagina or urinary tract may cause this disorder. A woman with this disorder may fear penetration of her vagina by a penis For all women with this disorder, the muscles around the vagina contract, preventing penetration by the penis Injury to the vagina while giving birth can cause pain during sex for women.
For all women with this disorder, the muscles around the vagina contract, preventing penetration by the penis
Alcohol binds to receptors on neurons that normally receive: GABA dopamine norepinephrine serotonin
GABA
Which statement is true regarding the intersection of sexual abuse, gender, and socioeconomic status? Girls, regardless of their socioeconomic group, are the most common victims of sexual abuse. Boys, regardless of their socioeconomic group, are the most common victims of sexual abuse. Girls from wealthy backgrounds are the most common victims of sexual abuse. Girls from poor backgrounds are the most common victims of sexual abuse.
Girls, regardless of their socioeconomic group, are the most common victims of sexual abuse.
What is the MOST common outcome of gender dysphoria in childhood? It develops into transsexualism. It develops into pedophilia. It is a precursor to transvestite fetishism. It disappears by adolescence or adulthood.
It disappears by adolescence or adulthood.
What is currently known about the relationship between hallucinations and delusions? There is no evidence to suggest that they are related to one another. Hallucinations cause delusions, but delusions do not cause hallucinations. Physiological evidence shows the functioning of the brain with delusions, but not hallucinations. It is likely that hallucinations and delusions occur together and feed one another.
It is likely that hallucinations and delusions occur together and feed one another.
Which of the following statements is FALSE? Less than 10% of women worldwide have reduced sexual interest and arousal. A diagnosis of female sexual interest/arousal disorder requires that the woman is distressed by her lack of interest andarousal. A woman's sex drive is determined by psychological, biological, and social factors. Women with female sexual interest/ arousal disorder rarely initiate sexual activity.
Less than 10% of women worldwide have reduced sexual interest and arousal.
Which statement about pedophiles is MOST supported by current research? Pedophiles most commonly target boys as their victims. Most pedophiles have at least one other psychological disorder. There is a clear biological cause for pedophilia. The majority of pedophiles develop their sexual pattern of need as adults.
Most pedophiles have at least one other psychological disorder.
Devonte has many distracting behaviors, but they occur only in a school setting. He does not follow instructions and finish work, answering his teacher's questions aloud before they have been completed. He also squirms in his seat and fidgets. But at home, when he is working with his father on home repairs or maintenance, he is able to listen carefully and follow his father's instructions. The teacher believes that Devonte has ADHD. Is she correct? No, the child's symptoms occur only in one setting, and that does not fit the diagnosis of ADHD Yes, this is a possible diagnosis Yes, it could be, but only if Devonte's fidgeting is disrupting other children's learning The child could have the diagnosis of Situational ADHD
No, the child's symptoms occur only in one setting, and that does not fit the diagnosis of ADHD
Your neighbor tells you that her seven-year-old needs to get help for conduct disorder. She asks you what would you recommend? Based on current research, which is the BEST answer? Parent management training seems to work best for this disorder. Parent-child interaction therapy would be my recommendation. Video modeling works best, especially with elementary age children. Treatment foster care is the best intervention, as long as the program is well established.
Parent management training seems to work best for this disorder
Which statement BEST describes the prevalence of alcoholism in non-Hispanic white American men, African American men, and Hispanic American men? Prevalence rates for non-Hispanic white Americans and Hispanic Americans are similar and slightly higher than the rates seen in African Americans. Alcoholism rates are highest for older non-Hispanic white Americans. Prevalence rates among all three groups are essentially the same. African Americans have the highest rates of alcoholism, followed by non-Hispanic white Americans and Hispanic Americans.
Prevalence rates for non-Hispanic white Americans and Hispanic Americans are similar and slightly higher than the rates seen in African Americans.
Which of the following is believed to be the chemical in cannabis responsible for its effects? Ethyl Alcohol Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) Lysergic Acid Lithium
Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
Which is NOT true of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy? It is a form of cognitive behavioral treatment. It employs a mindfulness approach. The overall goal of this treatment is to help people gain control over their substance abuse. There is research evidence suggesting that this therapy is as effective as other cognitive behavioral treatments, if not more effective.
The overall goal of this treatment is to help people gain control over their substance abuse.
How do personality disorders differ from the personality characteristics of typical people? They are generally treated successfully with antipsychotic medication. They are caused by epigenetic processes. They lead to more maladaptive, distressful, and inflexible They include personality traits not experienced by typical people.
They lead to more maladaptive, distressful, and inflexible
Which of these is NOT consistent with the most common pattern of schizophrenia? There is about a 1 percent risk of developing schizophrenia in a lifetime, worldwide. There is a significant risk of suicide attempt—about 25 percent. Women develop the disorder earlier and more severely than men. There is a higher incidence in lower rather than upper socioeconomic groups.
Women develop the disorder earlier and more severely than men.
Of the following, the person who would probably have the highest blood alcohol level after an hour of drinking would be a: a 150 lb. man who drinks 6 cans of beer a 200 lb. woman who drinks 6 cans of beer a 200 lb. man who drinks 6 cans of beer a 150 lb. woman who drinks 6 cans of beer
a 150 lb. woman who drinks 6 cans of beer
Doug runs a "healing" program. He claims he can heal cancer and other serious illnesses simply by petitioning a deity. He charges his patients for sessions, and holds the sessions in front of an audience. While conducting the "healing," Doug constantly solicits donations from the audience, claiming the money is going to various charities and the upkeep of the healing center. However, when Doug's "patients" are later checked by health care providers, they are not healed at all. Eventually, he's found to be embezzling the donated money for luxury cars, drugs, and mansions. He is MOST likely to be diagnosed with: narcissistic personality disorder schizoid personality disorder paranoid personality disorder antisocial personality disorder
antisocial personality disorder
Research shows that sexual dysfunctions among homosexual couples: include two distinct categories not included among heterosexual dysfunctions. generally are more severe than among heterosexual couples. are the same as those seen in heterosexual couples. are virtually nonexistent.
are the same as those seen in heterosexual couples
A person with schizophrenia who hears all the animals around her making plans to get her ready for the ball, and comes to think of herself as Cinderella, is experiencing a(n) _____ hallucination and a delusion of _____. tactile; control auditory; grandeur olfactory; reference gustatory; persecution
auditory; grandeur
If a pregnant woman wishes to avoid having a child with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), what should she do? avoid drinking alcohol, since no safe level of drinking while pregnant has been established. drink no more than the equivalent of two ounces of alcohol per day, but wash it down with 8 ounces of water immediately to dilute it drink no more than the equivalent of two ounces of alcohol per day avoid binge drinking, since only binge drinking is associated with FAS
avoid drinking alcohol, since no safe level of drinking while pregnant has been established.
Chaeyoung often has difficulty establishing social ties. He feels extremely uncomfortable in social situations, and expresses fear that he will be embarrassed or appear foolish to others. This is most reflective of which personality disorder? histrionic personality disorder paranoid personality disorder narcissistic personality disorder avoidant personality disorder
avoidant personality disorder
The viral explanation for schizophrenia suggests that brain abnormalities, and therefore schizophrenia, result from viral exposure: between birth and age 2 during puberty before birth during late adolescence
before birth
A child awakens suddenly to the sound of a bell and heads for the bathroom. MOST likely the child is receiving: psychodynamic therapy for encopresis behavioral therapy for encopresis behavioral therapy for enuresis psychodynamic therapy for enuresis
behavioral therapy for enuresis
A patient has smaller temporal lobes and high activity of the neurotransmitter dopamine. These symptoms are: biological, and the most likely diagnosis is schizotypal personality disorder. biological, and the most likely diagnosis is dependent personality disorder biological, and the most likely diagnosis is antisocial personality disorder. psychoneuroimmunological, and the most likely diagnosis is antisocial personality disorder
biological, and the most likely diagnosis is schizotypal personality disorder.
A doctor says to a new nurse at her clinic, "This patient's personality disorder is becoming very common. These individuals often feel like they don't have a stable sense of self-worth or self-esteem. I see someone with this almost every day in the clinic." MOST likely, this doctor is talking about which personality disorder? dependent personality disorder schizoid personality disorder borderline personality disorder avoidant personality disorder
borderline personality disorder
The inability to accurately interpret one's internal biological, emotional, or physiological states is characteristic of both: schizophrenia and schizoid personality disorders a mass murderer and self-injurious behavior borderline personality disorder and eating disorders odd and dramatic personality disorders
borderline personality disorder and eating disorders
A child with a diagnosis of developmental coordination disorder has difficulty with things like: buttoning a shirt, tying shoes, and dressing in general speaking and self-expression through language listening to a teacher explain how to do a math problem reading a sentence from a book out loud
buttoning a shirt, tying shoes, and dressing in general
Mario felt awake and alive as though he could conquer the world. He MOST likely used: heroin cocaine alcohol Xanax
cocaine
Behavioral and somatic symptoms, such as clinginess, sleep difficulties, and stomach pain, rather than cognitive symptoms are MORE characteristic of anxiety disorders in: female children rather than male children children of former generations rather than children today children rather than adults male children rather than female children
children rather than adults
A person is labeled by the community as having schizophrenia. Based on available evidence, it is MOST likely that: community members, and the person, will have a more negative view of the person. community members, but not the person, will have a more negative view of the person. neither the person nor community members will have a more negative view of the person. the person, but not community members, will have a more negative view of the person.
community members, and the person, will have a more negative view of the person.
Which is NOT considered an effect of bullying? anxiety low self-esteem school problems constant lying
constant lying
At a parent-teacher conference, a child's parents are astounded to learn that their son has been showing up late for school, despite leaving home with more than enough time to get to school. On several occasions, he has also not shown up for classes at all. The school has sent notices to the home about the son's behavior, but the parents have never seen these notices. They wonder if the son has removed this mail before the parents could see it. He is often home in time to gather the mail from the mailbox and brings it into the home as a "favor" to his parents. This behavior MOST closely fits which pattern of conduct disorder? covert-destructive covert-nondestructive overt-nondestructive overt-nondestructive
covert-nondestructive
Some authorities believe that bipolar disorder has become a catch-all diagnosis for children who display uncontrolled rage. DSM-5 addressed this concern by: dividing bipolar disorder into two categories, one with and one without rage creating a new disorder called disruptive mood dysregulation disorder not allowing a diagnosis of bipolar disorder until children reach age 18 eliminating uncontrolled rage as a symptom of bipolar disorder
creating a new disorder called disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
If parents excessively reinforce clinging behavior in their children and then punish attempts at independence, the result might be the development of _____ in their children. paranoid personality disorder dependent personality disorder borderline personality disorder narcissistic personality disorder
dependent personality disorder
A person with schizophrenia says to you, "Jewels are the reason. They stole shoes you know. But now cooking is the best hobby. That's why my favorite color is blue." This example illustrates which symptom of schizophrenia? derailment neologisms delusions of reference inappropriate effect
derailment
Exhibitionists engage in that type of behavior because they: desire a shock reaction from their victim. are trying to solicit sexual contact. were sexually abused as children. are unable to experience sexual relations.
desire a shock reaction from their victim.
According to research, African American children with ADHD and non-Hispanic white American children with ADHD may be treated differently. In particular, they may not have the same experience of treatment with long-acting stimulant drugs which can minimize symptoms of ADHD. Various factors may account for this difference in treatment. Which of the following factors is NOT a reason for this difference in treatment? the impact of social bias economic issues stereotyping differences in drug tolerance between these two groups of children
differences in drug tolerance between these two groups of children
DSM-5 has been described as functioning like a light switch, which can be on or off. In other words, one either does or does not qualify for a personality disorder diagnosis. Some theorists suggest that degree of symptoms, not symptom absence or presence, is more important, and similar to a: flashlight, running on batteries which need recharging candle, which can be blown out at any time blow torch, which can be focused in one direction for a specific period of time dimmer switch, with the light adjustable from all the way on to all the way off
dimmer switch, with the light adjustable from all the way on to all the way off
Which of the following is a psychological cause for erectile disorder? guilt about excessive masturbation in the past imagining sexual activity with a previous lover or marriage partner distancing oneself from the experience of sex and remaining a spectator of the activity, evaluating one's performance imagining one's parents' judgments of one's sexual activity
distancing oneself from the experience of sex and remaining a spectator of the activity, evaluating one's performance
Xavier has schizophrenia and is often conflicted on how to feel about most issues. He feels drained of energy and interest for his usual activities and is rarely able to complete a course of action. He certainly cannot make decisions. He is MOST likely suffering from: disturbances in sense of self disturbances in his relationship with the outside world disturbances in volition disturbances in affect
disturbances in volition
According to Masters and Johnson, and as demonstration by the physiological arousal graph, the resolution phase of the sexual response cycle is more gradual in women when they: have experienced multiple orgasms do not experience arousal experience a sexual aversion do not experience orgasm
do not experience orgasm
A child does well in some school subjects. However, the only way that he can read is slowly, one word at a time. He must direct his gaze with his index finger. Even with great effort, he makes many errors and has poor comprehension. This is a description of: dyslexia word blindness pronominal reversal echolalia
dyslexia
Recently, the dopamine hypothesis for schizophrenia has been challenged because it has been discovered that: effective new drugs suggest abnormal neurotransmitter activity of serotonin, glutamate, and GABA, as well as dopamine. atypical antipsychotic drugs work exclusively on dopamine receptors. excessive dopamine activity contributes to only some kinds of schizophrenia those with catatonic schizophrenia respond better to atypical than to traditional antipsychotic drugs.
effective new drugs suggest abnormal neurotransmitter activity of serotonin, glutamate, and GABA, as well as dopamine.
Which effect on a child has NOT been associated with maternal cocaine use during pregnancy? attention and learning deficits abnormalities in immune functioning predispositions to later drug use enlarged heart
enlarged heart
Joey has been wetting his bed since he was a baby. He is 10 years old now. As a result, he will not stay over at his friends' houses or go to camp. His condition is called: enuresis nocturnal emission conduct disorder encopresis
enuresis
The campus bra bandit steals women's underwear from the campus laundry and then masturbates into the underwear. The MOST accurate diagnosis of this behavior would be: no diagnosis; this behavior falls within normal limits. exhibitionistic fetishism. fetishism. transvestic fetishism.
fetishism.
Shy and anxious children who have mild to moderate degrees of intellectual dysfunction, language impairments, and behavioral problems are MOST likely to be diagnosed with: fragile X syndrome phenylketonuria (PKU) trisomy 21 Down syndrome
fragile X syndrome
In a very crowded department store during the Christmas rush, a woman suddenly feels a stranger rubbing his genital area against her thigh. He continues until the crowd begins to break up, and then he moves away. The MOST likely diagnosis for this man is: pedophilia frotteurism sexual masochism hypoxyphilia
frotteurism
According to the developmental psychopathology view, substance use disorders typically begin with: the occurrence of a single stressor genetically inherited predispositions witnessing a loved one with a substance use problem an internalizing temperament
genetically inherited predispositions
Relational aggression is a term used to describe a pattern of aggression involving social misdeeds such as telling lies about a person, spreading rumors about a person, or manipulating people. This form of aggression is MOST common among: boys diagnosed with oppositional defiant disorder girls diagnosed with oppositional defiant disorder girls diagnosed with conduct disorder boys diagnosed with conduct disorder
girls diagnosed with conduct disorder
Sylvie is 25, has an IQ of 60, and never did well at schoolwork. However, she now lives on her own, has a job stocking shelves at a large discount department store, and is able to perform the routine chores of life. She would not be considered to have intellectual disability because: her IQ is not low enough. she is too old. her daily functioning is adequate IQs of females and males with intellectual disability differ
her daily functioning is adequate
Sophia has been diagnosed with having autism spectrum disorder. Her parents note she has trouble coping when life is too unpredictable. She keeps all of her toys in a certain order on the shelf, and throws a tantrum if her mother moves any of them. Any small changes in her daily routine also cause her to become very upset, and she commonly throws tantrums when there are any variations to her schedule. This is an example of: self-injurious behavior highly rigid and repetitive behavior self-motor behavior self-communicative behavior
highly rigid and repetitive behavior
Darcy is at a friend's dinner party. She's captured the attendees' attention for most of the evening by telling jokes and dramatized stories, but everyone's attention turns away from her when someone else announces her pregnancy. Darcy bursts into dramatic and effusive congratulations to draw back some attention, but she grows angry when the other woman stays the center of attention. Finally, Darcy loudly lies that she had been pregnant and miscarried, and that hearing about someone else's pregnancy is extremely hurtful. Darcy is exhibiting characteristics of: histrionic personality disorder obsessive personality disorder narcissistic personality disorder antisocial personality disorder
histrionic personality disorder
Female sexual interest/arousal disorder differs from male hypoactive sexual desire disorder MOST notably in that it: is much more likely to have a physical cause than a psychological cause. leads to reproductive difficulties. includes difficulties in both the desire and arousal stages of the sexual response cycle. is much more difficult to treat.
includes difficulties in both the desire an arousal stages of the sexual response cycle
When first-generation antipsychotic drugs are used today, clinicians may typically do any of the following EXCEPT: prescribe drugs that remedy the side effects of the antipsychotic drug. prescribe an additional antipsychotic drug to produce a synergistic effect. gradually reduce medications after patients establish normal functioning. increase the dosage of a drug when patients do not improve.
increase the dosage of a drug when patients do not improve.
Antonio begins to hear voices. After some research, his family realizes that he is exhibiting early symptoms of schizophrenia. Antonio's family tells him the voices aren't real to try to help him. This action by family members should: delay the onset of future symptoms, which are inevitable. prevent the onset of future symptoms. decrease the likelihood of future symptoms. increase the likelihood of future symptoms
increase the likelihood of future symptoms
Cognitive Behavioral therapies for schizophrenia may include all of the following EXCEPT: attempts to change how these persons view and respond to their hallucinations education for these individuals about the biological causes of schizophrenia teaching these persons how to observe their hallucinations from a detached and comfortable position keeping persons with these disorders from completing any complex information-processing tasks which may confuse them
keeping persons with these disorders from completing any complex information-processing tasks which may confuse them
One similarity between those experiencing paranoid personality disorder and those experiencing schizoid personality disorder is that they both tend to: distrust others score poorly on typical intelligence tests lack close ties to others be described by others as arrogant and angry
lack close ties to others
Cognitive-behavioral theorists believe that because those with schizoid personalities have difficulty scanning the environment, perceiving accurately, and picking up emotional cues, they develop _____ very slowly. language and motor skills thinking disorders secondary sex characteristics allergies and other medical problems
language and motor skills
Compared with those diagnosed with schizophrenia who live in developing countries, those diagnosed with schizophrenia who live in developed countries are: more likely to recover fully and more likely to be hospitalized. less likely to recover fully and more likely to be hospitalized. more likely to recover fully and less likely to be hospitalized. less likely to recover fully and less likely to be hospitalized.
less likely to recover fully and more likely to be hospitalized.
Studies evaluating the use of cognitive-behavioral techniques in the treatment of autism spectrum disorder have shown that cognitive-behavioral techniques can produce: only short-term gains in school achievement but long-term gains in intelligence test performance. long-term gains in school achievement but only short-term gains in intelligence test performance. long-term gains in school achievement and intelligence test performance. only short-term gains in school achievement and intelligence test performance.
long-term gains in school achievement and intelligence test performance.
What is meant by the term psychosis? loss of contact with reality loss of consciousness brain seizures split personality
loss of contact with reality
Which is NOT a risk for young people abusing cocaine? respiratory failure miscarriage heart attack macular degeneration
macular degeneration
Ivan is very healthy, but he is distressed by his lack of interest in sexual activity and lack of sexual experiences over the past several years. He MOST likely is experiencing: sexual repulsion sexual aversion male hypoactive sexual desire disorder paraphilia
male hypoactive sexual desire disorder
What is the dark triad? malicious traits that work together to produce offensive behavior personality disorder clusters that are very different from each other traits found only in the prison population the three personality clusters
malicious traits that work together to produce offensive behavior
Married women are more likely to be orgasmic when they have: marital happiness and a current attraction to their partner's body. a weak emotional attachment to their first sex partner. conflicted marriages. a respect for their current partner's occupation.
marital happiness and a current attraction to their partner's body
Autoerotic asphyxia is a fatal side effect associated with: masochistic practice use of Viagra cross-dressing rope fetish
masochistic practice
Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder is MOST common among: men with jobs unemployed men unemployed women women with jobs
men with jobs
Freebasing has the effect of making cocaine: injectable more concentrated less addictive liquid in form
more concentrated
Researchers have found that the biological relatives of adoptees with schizophrenia are _____ to develop schizophrenia. more likely than their adoptive relatives just as likely as their adoptive relatives far less likely than their adoptive relatives somewhat less likely than their adoptive relatives
morel likely than their adoptive relatives
A client is initially very resistant to therapy, cannot acknowledge weaknesses, and ignores feedback. MOST likely, the client is experiencing: schizoid personality disorder and will benefit from antipsychotic medication. narcissistic personality disorder and will make a great deal of progress in therapy. antisocial personality disorder and will benefit from lithium treatment. narcissistic personality disorder and will not make much progress in therapy.
narcissistic personality disorder and will not make much progress in therapy.
A woman has just been diagnosed with postpartum depression. MOST likely, she will: not progress to postpartum psychosis but will physically harm her child. progress to postpartum psychosis and will physically harm her child. neither progress to postpartum psychosis nor physically harm her child. progress to postpartum psychosis but will not physically harm her child.
neither progress to postpartum psychosis nor physically harm her child.
Which of these is a depressant? opioids cocaine amphetiamines LSD
opioids
A child will not obey her mother. When threatened with punishment, she swears, throws things, and threatens to break everything in the house. Her outbreaks seem to be restricted to her parents. At school, her teachers describe her as quiet and compliant. However, at home, she is almost completely unmanageable. This is an example of: childhood schizophrenia conduct disorder oppositional defiant disorder juvenile delinquency
oppositional defiant disorder
Reese is distrustful of others and reacts quickly to perceived threats. Even though he has no evidence, he is sure his wife is unfaithful. He finds it almost impossible to forgive those he thinks have wronged him. Reese displays the characteristics of: narcissistic personality disorder paranoid personality disorder obsessive-compulsive disorder avoidant personality disorder
paranoid personality disorder
Quincy knows that her family is planning to kill her and sell her prized piano. She's heard them talking about her, and they've tried to tell her that she isn't feeling well when Quincy knows she's in perfect health. Quincy has known for years that everyone hates her piano and wants to get rid of it. Quincy is MOST likely suffering from delusions of: persecution control reference grandeur
persecution
The technique of sensate focus involves: physical tasks in which partners focus on giving and receiving pleasure understanding the cognitive assumptions about physical sensations learning to communicate about sensual experiences taking personal responsibility for one's sexuality
physical tasks in which partners focus on giving and receiving pleasure
Kevin sees huge, iridescent butterflies covering the floors. He also hears soft harp music at all hours, when no one is playing a harp or any music. The presence of these behaviors illustrates _____ symptoms of schizophrenia. positive active psychomotor negative
positive
A person who has paraphilia: is unable to achieve sexual satisfaction. is unable to experience sexual arousal. responds sexually to a socially inappropriate object or situation. does not respond sexually to any type of stimulus.
responds sexually to a socially inappropraite object or situation.
Selina always feels mysterious forces that she believes she can use to control others and which guide her through life. When she sees a news report of a store robbery in another city, she thinks that it is a warning that her house will be broken into that evening. If she has a diagnosable personality disorder, it is MOST likely: schizotypal personality disorder avoidant personality disorder schizoid personality disorder paranoid personality disorder
schizotypal personality disorder
A similarity among children with separation anxiety and those with school refusal is that they both fear going to school and often stay home. The difference in the symptoms of the two diagnoses is that: in separation anxiety, the fear is limited to school. separation anxiety usually lasts into adulthood, whereas school refusal does not. school refusal often involves fear of others at school, academic fears, and fears of objects at school. if allowed to stay home, children with school refusal generally recover.
school refusal often involves fear of others at school, academic fears, and fears of objects at school.
Which of the following childhood disorders has higher rates among females? autism spectrum disorder selective mutism ADHD encopresis
selective mutism
Ainsley has a drink in the morning on rising and a cocktail with breakfast. She usually sneaks a snort during the morning ("just to get through the day") and then drinks during lunch. Later, at home, she generally has a small dinner and sits in front of the TV drinking wine, often an entire bottle. Somehow she manages to get up and go to work the next morning. Ainsley is displaying: binge drinking delirium tremens substance use disorder withdrawal
substance use disorder
A person who uses LSD begins to taste colors and see music. This person is experiencing: withdrawal flashbacks hallucinosis synesthesia
synesthesia
Marijuana users in the 1960s were less likely to develop drug dependence than users starting around the year 2000. This trend MOST likely reflects the fact that: the THC content in marijuana has increased. people started using marijuana at earlier ages. medical marijuana is legal in a number of states. marijuana is now consumed via multiple routes.
the THC content in marijuana has increased.
The main difference between schizophrenia and schizophreniform disorder is: the duration of symptoms the number of symptoms the severity of symptoms the type of symptoms
the duration of symptoms
If you could "get inside the head" of a person experiencing auditory hallucinations, you would MOST likely find that: the person actually produces nerve signals of sound in the brain. the person knows that the hallucinations are fictional. the person is aware of auditory hallucinations but not aware of other types of hallucinations. hallucinations and delusions are coded in the same place in the person's brain.
the person actually produces nerve signals of sound in the brain.
Delia does not display all the full-blown schizophrenia symptoms anymore. Occasionally, a shadow of a symptom appears. She is a bit withdrawn and not entirely clear all the time, but she can marginally function in the world. This is an example of: undifferentiated schizophrenia the residual phase of schizophrenia paranoid schizophrenia catatonic schizophrenia
the residual phase of schizophrenia
Which of the following treatment factors is NOT emphasized by dialectical behavior therapy? social skills training the use of antipsychotic medications in an outpatient setting mindfulness meditation (a Zen technique involving observing one's emotions) the client-therapist relationship
the use of antipsychotic medications in an outpatient setting
Mendon began by taking one amphetamine a day to control his appetite. After a month or so, the one pill did not work as well but two pills did. This is an example of: tolerance dependence resistance withdrawal
tolerance
Although Cassandra used a substance at noon, she stays awake and alert. Yet, even though she is awake, she experiences poor coordination, palpitations, and greatly enhanced visual perceptions. The symptoms have almost completely gone away by dinnertime. Cassandra MOST likely: took LSD smoked a pack of cigarettes injected heroin drank alcohol
took LSD
The parents of those with schizoid personality disorder are MOST likely to have been: unaccepting firm responsive available
unaccepting
A female child is diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Later, as an adult, she is unable to hold a job and has very limited communication skills. Her case is: uncommon; most people diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder are females, and their symptoms usually diminish substantially by early adulthood. common; most people diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder are females, and their symptoms usually remain severe into adulthood. uncommon; most people diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder are males, and their symptoms usually remain severe into adulthood. very rare; most people diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder are males, and their symptoms usually diminish substantially by early adulthood.
uncommon; most people diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder are males, and their symptoms usually remain severe into adulthood.
