Psychology 101 : Ch.1 - Ch.7
Which region of the brain regulates basic bodily functions, such as heart rate and breathing, and in which division is it located? -brain stem, located in the hindbrain -basal ganglia, located in the hindbrain -hippocampus, located in the midbrain -cerebellum, located in the midbrain
brain stem, located in the hindbrain
Dwayne loves going to Las Vegas. Even when he is inside the casinos, where there are no windows to give him light cues, he still feels sleepy by midnight, because his body still shows ______________ rhythms. -pineal -melatonin -REM -circadian
circadian
Cindi wants to start practicing daily meditation, but she is trying to decide which approach is most appealing to her. She can't decide between ______________, where you focus attention on one specific thing or phrase, and ______________, where you let your thoughts flow freely without examining them or reacting to them. -mindfulness meditation; transcendental meditation -concentrative meditation; mindfulness meditation -transcendental meditation; concentrative meditation -mindfulness meditation; concentrative meditation
concentrative meditation; mindfulness meditation
Professor Jacobs conducts a lot of research. He always makes sure that his study records are stored in a locked cabinet inside of a locked office. Only he and his lab manager have both keys. Which ethical issue(s) is/are addressed by these protective measures? -anonymity -confidentiality -risks -all of the answers are correct
confidentiality
Damian is a new driver and likes to speed, but he usually abides by the posted speed limit because he doesn't want to get a ticket or lose his driving privileges. What level of moral reasoning is Damian working from? -preconventional -conventional -postconventional -non-conventional
conventional
Whereas Chuck used to feel confident, alert, energetic, and sociable when using this drug, he now feels paranoid and has developed some violent and psychotic tendencies. -ecstasy -marijuana -methamphetamine -crack cocaine
crack cocaine
Raj is interested in how religious beliefs influence political engagement. Which level of analysis best fits Raj's research questions? -social -individual -cultural -biological
cultural
Beliefs, values, norms, rules, and customs that people learn from those who share a language or environment comprise -religion. -society. -ethics. -culture.
culture
In the cycle of the scientific method, statistics help you -determine whether your theory is supported. -define a hypothesis. -determine whether your hypothesis is supported. -analyze your results after they are published in a research journal.
determine whether your hypothesis is supported.
In one study, hypnotized participants asked to drain color from colored images showed diminished activity in the visual cortex regions associated with color. This did not occur with participants who were not hypnotized. Which theory of hypnosis is supported by this result? -sociocognitive theory -analgesia theory -theory of flow -dissociation theory
dissociation theory
Morris is 85 years old. Which of the following tasks would you expect him to have the most difficulty with? -recalling his own birth date -using new information -driving while listening to the radio -practicing a well-learned skill
driving while listening to the radio
According to the text, what is the most important prenatal phase of development for organ formation? -germinal period -embryonic period -fetal period -zygote period
embryonic period
While hiking in the mountains in Alaska, Pete encountered a giant grizzly bear. He immediately felt his heart rate increase, his breathing become rapid, and sweat drip down his back. These events were most likely due to effects of the neurotransmitter called -serotonin. -epinephrine. -GABA. -dopamine.
epinephrine.
Deano, a high school senior, is attracted to novelty and risk taking, has a lousy relationship with his parents, and generally feels invincible. He may be at risk for -experimenting with alcohol and illegal drugs. -developing sleep apnea later in life. -engaging in escapist activities. -being in a permanent vegetative state.
experimenting with alcohol and illegal drugs.
Frank is studying the effects of concussion on memory. He wants to observe the brain activity of victims as they perform memory tasks in real time. Which of the following brain imaging methods is the most appropriate for the study? -EEG -fMRI -CT scan -transcranial magnetic stimulation
fMRI
The myelinated axons of which nerves carry pain information to the brain? -warm receptors -fast fibers -cold receptors -slow fibers
fast fibers
Sydney has been drinking during her pregnancy. By doing so, she is putting her baby at risk of a severe disorder called -fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). -embryonic alcohol syndrome (EAS). -germinal alcohol syndrome (GAS). -infant alcohol syndrome (IAS).
fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS).
When our assignment of __________ to an image is ambiguous, we can shift back and forth between seeing two different images in one picture—what we thought was part of the background can also shift to look like the most important part of the picture. -grouping -proximity -figure and ground -binocular disparity
figure and ground
Bernice has just discovered that she is pregnant. She should expect to be able to feel her baby's movements in around -three weeks. -three months. -five weeks. -five months.
five months.
Chef Louise knows that both smell and taste contribute to the experience of -gustation. -olfaction. -transduction. -flavor.
flavor.
Chris loves this song, because it starts off at a low pitch, but then the lead singer finishes the song at a higher octave. In other words, Chris likes the way the __________ changes over the course of the song. -amplitude -localization -hue -frequency
frequency
Charlie is sick. His primary doctor is out of town, so his mom takes him to a new doctor, who is female. Later, Charlie asks his mom, "Can women become doctors? I thought that men became doctors and that women became nurses." Clearly, Charlie's emerging view of __________ indicates his beliefs about what occupations are appropriate for males and females. -gender status -sexual identity -gender roles -sex roles
gender roles
Laura's mother died from Huntington's disease. Unfortunately, after opting to take a genetic test, it was determined that Laura's __________ predisposed her to Huntington's disease. -endocrine system -genotype -behavioral genetics -phenotype
genotype
Which of these is/are located in the cochlea? -eardrum -ossicles -hair cells -auditory nerve
hair cells
Ecstasy has an energizing effect similar to that of other stimulants, but it also has the properties of ______________, which may be why the drug has become popular at clubs and raves. -depressants -hallucinogenics -marijuana -MDMA
hallucinogenics
Jessie suffered damage to her brain and had difficulty forming new memories. Jessie's injury was most likely to the __________, which is a structure located in the brain region called the __________. hippocampus; forebrain -amygdala; parietal lobe -basal ganglia; midbrain -thalamus; hindbrain
hippocampus; forebrain
According to Erikson, what is the primary task of adolescence? -initiative -industry -identity -intimacy
identity
After Chris was diagnosed with testicular cancer, he opted to have both testicles surgically removed. In terms of his ability to engage in sexual activity after surgery, we can reasonably expect that -there is nothing Chris can do to regain the ability to achieve an erection. -if Chris receives an injection of testosterone, he will be able to perform sexually. -if Chris receives an injection of estradiol, he will be able to perform sexually. -the more testosterone Chris receives, the more sexual behavior he will exhibit.
if Chris receives an injection of testosterone, he will be able to perform sexually.
Mary started menstruating six months earlier than all the other girls in her class. A possible explanation could be that Mary is -a victim of sexual abuse. -more promiscuous than other girls. -shorter than other girls. -in a high-stress environment.
in a high-stress environment.
Hilda is 80 years old and finds herself spending more time looking back on her long life. According to Erikson's theory, we would expect her to be at the __________ stage of psychosocial development. -intimacy versus isolation -generativity versus stagnation -industry versus inferiority -integrity versus despair
integrity versus despair
When asked a question about information processed in his right hemisphere, split-brain patient J.W.'s left brain could not verbalize an accurate reply. However, he still came up with an answer that showed a logical attempt to construct a world that made sense. In this way, the left hemisphere is often called the -executor. -logician. -interpreter. -artist.
interpreter.
After a series of semiserious intimate relationships, 25-year-old Stacy is seriously considering finding a life partner. According to Erikson's theory, we would expect her to be at the __________ stage of psychosocial development. -intimacy versus isolation -generativity versus stagnation -industry versus inferiority -integrity versus despair
intimacy versus isolation
This popular drug alters consciousness by blocking the reuptake of dopamine and increases its release, and in the long term, it can cause considerable damage throughout the brain and body. -marijuana -crack cocaine -methamphetamine -heroin
methamphetamine
As Fatima gazes out onto the mountain landscape, she is able to tell what is near to her and what is far away by using both __________ cues, like occlusion, relative size, and linear perspective, and __________ cues, like disparity. -monocular; binocular -binocular; monocular -bottom-up; top-down -top-down; bottom-up
monocular; binocular
Although she and her roommate have the same exact ringtone, Lakisa can always tell when the ringing phone is coming from her side of the room. She can do this because of the difference in time the sound takes to reach her left versus her right ear, and also because the sound reaching the ear closest to the phone is -quieter. -more intense. -higher pitched. -lower pitched.
more intense.
Your family recently adopted a dog from an animal shelter. Initially, the dog seemed nervous and territorial, but after a few weeks, she became affectionate and calm. Which of the following must play some role in the dog's behavior? -nature -mind -body -nurture
nurture
Sammy is doing research that involves placing objects in the visual fields of visually impaired elderly men. He wants to discover what specific neurons fire in response to the features of the objects. The study requires electrodes to be implanted in the men's brains. In which part of the brain would you suggest Sammy place the electrodes? -frontal lobe -parietal lobe -occipital lobe -temporal lobe
occipital lobe
When we detect physical stimuli, such as odors, light, and sound, we call this -perception. -sensation. -absolute threshold. -difference threshold.
perception.
Marwan has been shy his whole life, and he is not sure what underlies this trait. Which subfield of psychology might hold some answers for Marwan? -personality psychology -cultural psychology -clinical psychology -social psychology
personality psychology
Susan has an alcohol addiction that encompasses ______________, in that she needs more and more alcohol to feel buzzed, and ______________, in that she feels she needs to drink to maintain her social life. -psychological dependence; physical dependence -tolerance; withdrawal -physical dependence; psychological dependence -withdrawal; tolerance
physical dependence; psychological dependence
According to the text, the interaction of what three developmental domains shapes human development? -social, physical, moral -mental, physical, environmental -physical, cognitive, socio-emotional -environmental, genetic, perceptual
physical, cognitive, socio-emotional
After his stroke, Brian slowly recovered function in his right arm. The property of the brain that supports learning and recovery of functions lost after brain trauma and that reflects the interactive nature of biological and environmental influences is called -action potential. -neurotransmission. -plasticity. -gray matter.
plasticity.
The probability of an action potential being propagated from neuron to neuron is increased when the __________ neuron's signal is __________. -presynaptic; inhibitory -presynaptic; excitatory -postsynaptic; inhibitory -postsynaptic; excitatory
postsynaptic; excitatory
In addition to pain receptors, there are five types of __________ at the base of hair follicles and throughout the skin. -cranial nerves -spinal nerves -pressure receptors -temperature receptors
pressure receptors
Basic visual information including orientation, size, and movement of objects is housed in which part of the brain? -optic nerve -ganglion cells -primary visual cortex -optic chiasm
primary visual cortex
The systematic, objective study of our mental activity and behavior is called -psychoanalysis -psychology -behaviorism -the scientific method
psychology
Professor Newton is planning a research study with human participants, who will have to wear a head-mounted eye-tracking device during data collection. While the device is not painful or dangerous, it can be a bit uncomfortable, and some participants may get a headache from wearing the device. In order to conduct the study ethically, Professor Newton must ensure that which of the following is favorable? -random assignment -risk/benefit ratio -scientific standards -privacy and confidentiality
risk/benefit ratio
After Theo turned 13, he noticed that his voice deepened, and the hair on his arms and legs grew thicker and darker. Both of these physical changes are considered to be typical changes in boys' __________ that occur during puberty. -primary sex characteristics -secondary sex characteristics -limbic systems -maturation processes
secondary sex characteristics
One-year-old Jerome is in the __________ stage of cognitive development. Thus, when his mother shows Jerome a ball and then hides it behind her back, we would expect him to __________. -concrete operational; appear to lose interest in the ball and not look for it -sensorimotor; appear to lose interest in the ball and not look for it -formal operational; appear interested in the ball but not look for it -preoperational; appear interested in the ball and attempt to look for it
sensorimotor; appear to lose interest in the ball and not look for it
When Marla first moved to New York City, she could hardly sleep because of all the noise coming from the nearby street. After a month or two, she stopped noticing these noises, and now she feels like she would have a hard time sleeping in a quiet country village. What explains this change? -Weber's law -bottom-up processing -opponent-process theory -sensory adaptation
sensory adaptation
Vidhya takes her 1-year-old son, Venkat, to visit a daycare center where she plans to enroll him. Venkat eagerly explores the playroom as long as Vidhya is present. When his mom leaves the room, Venkat becomes distressed and appears to look for her. When Vidhya returns, he quickly calms down and returns to playing. This is the type of interaction you might observe between a child and a parent who -have not yet developed an attachment relationship. -share a secure attachment relationship. -share an avoidant attachment relationship. -share an ambivalent attachment relationship.
share a secure attachment relationship.
Valerie snores so loudly during the night that her son, Kevin, can hear her all the way down the hall. Valerie is also frequently tired during the day and struggles to maintain a healthy weight. Kevin suspects his mother has which sleep disorder? -somnambulism -narcolepsy -sleep apnea -REM behavior disorder
sleep apnea
James is a painter who continuously must adjust the tension of his brush-holding hand to execute strokes. The ability to control his grip is supported by the __________ nervous system, a subdivision of his __________ nervous system. -autonomic; central -somatic; peripheral -autonomic; somatic -somatic; central
somatic; peripheral
When Amy stepped on a sharp nail, she felt pain. For her to feel pain, there must have been sufficient __________ of a neuron to create __________, which is the first step in neural communication. -inhibition; a response -suppression, propagation -reception; transmission -stimulation; an action potential
stimulation; an action potential
Howard loves everything about movies, including movie history. He knows that many of the tricks used in special effects have their origins in the research of Gestalt psychologist Max Wertheimer, who conducted experiments on -motion aftereffects. -linear perspective. -binocular disparity. -stroboscopic motion.
stroboscopic motion.
Tawny has had a strong desire for a Dr Pepper all day. She isn't sure why, because she rarely drinks this beverage. But her roommate, Abigail, reminded her that last night several of the people they were out with were drinking Dr Pepper. Which of the following has Tawny experienced? -the global workspace model -sleep-related memory consolidation -subliminal processing -a non-REM dream
subliminal processing
After a bad fall while rock climbing, Charisa experienced profound alterations in her ability to initiate voluntary movements, such as moving her eyes or reaching for a cup of water. Which brain structure did Charisa's injuries most likely affect? -thalamus -amygdala -substantia nigra -hippocampus
substantia nigra
The lower parts of the brain function primarily in __________, whereas the outer layer of the brain functions mainly in __________. -survival; thought -emotion; cognition -complex behavior; complex thought -complex thought; complex behavior
survival; thought
While on spring break in Acapulco, May decided to do some cliff diving. As she stood at the edge of a 50-foot cliff, her heart raced, her respiration increased, and she sweated profusely. Which of the following divisions of May's autonomic nervous system had been activated by this experience? -sympathetic -parasympathetic -peripheral -somatic
sympathetic
While being put to bed, two-year-old Tommy says to his mother, "go potty... drink water..." which is his way of saying he needs to go to the bathroom after drinking water. Tommy's statement best demonstrates -telegraphic speech. -babbling. -universal grammar. -overregularization.
telegraphic speech.
Charles Darwin and William James both understood the importance of -environmental stimuli on behavior. -the adaptive purpose of specific traits and characteristics. -childhood and parenting on future behavior. -the connection between physical and psychological problems
the adaptive purpose of specific traits and characteristics.
Natural selection is -based on the idea that conscious experience can be broken down into underlying thoughts. -the idea that the observable environment affects behavior in predictable ways. -the mechanism of evolution. -how systems of rewards increase desired behaviors.
the mechanism of evolution
Ayelet is a research assistant in a lab at her university. Her lab studies the way sensory information is processed, and their latest results suggest that different neural processes are associated with different types of information, such as recognizing faces or understanding grammatical phrases. The results support the global workspace model, which posits that -a specific area of the brain in the prefrontal cortex is responsible for general "awareness." -a specific area of the brain located in the temporal lobe is responsible for general "awareness." -distributed throughout the left hemisphere of the brain are areas that, together, are responsible for general "awareness." -there is no one area of the brain that is responsible for general "awareness" on its own.
there is no one area of the brain that is responsible for general "awareness" on its own.
When attempting to understand the connection between psychological and physical problems, Freud concluded that -individuals with adaptations best suited to their environment will be more likely to survive and reproduce, thereby passing along their genes. -when interviewed by a professional, individuals are able to use introspection to describe their perceptions and cognitive processes. -to a large extent, behavior is directed by mental processes that operate at a subconscious level. -the human experience cannot be broken down into component processes.
to a large extent, behavior is directed by mental processes that operate at a subconscious level.
Jesse has an infection in his middle ear, and through this, he is experiencing firsthand the role that the middle ear plays in hearing. The structures of the middle ear primarily serve which purpose? -to transduce auditory information into signals -to detect sound waves -to funnel sound waves into the ear -to amplify sound vibrations
to amplify sound vibrations
Flynn has been on the streets for several months since the cost of his drug habit made him unable to pay rent. Because of ______________ he needs more to get high, and when he can't afford the drugs, he experiences the severe nausea and chills of ______________. -withdrawal; tolerance -psychological dependence; physical dependence -physical dependence; psychological dependence -tolerance; withdrawal
tolerance; withdrawal
The start gun goes off to signal the beginning of the race. Before the runners can interpret the meaning of the noise, however, their sensory receptors must translate the sound waves into neural signals the brain can understand in a process called -sensation. -perception. -transduction. -synesthesia.
transduction.
Every taste experience is composed of a mixture of five basic qualities: sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and -fatty. -spicy. -umami. -papillae.
umami.
Celeste's new hobby is slacklining, or walking on low ropes loosely strung a few feet off the ground between two trees or poles. To avoid falling, Celeste relies on her __________ sense to maintain balance. -vestibular -kinesthetic -olfactory -gustatory
vestibular
Jake just turned 25 and Joseph just turned 30. Jake teases Joseph about being an "old man" and tells him that since he's 30, "it's all downhill" for him. Evidently, 25-year-old Jake feels that he is presently exempt from the mental and physical decline associated with aging and that, for Joseph, it has already started. Which of the following statements could Joseph correctly employ in his defense? -"Between the ages of 20 and 40, we all begin to experience a steady decline, so you're probably already headed downhill right along with me." -"Between the ages of 30 and 40, we all begin to experience a steady decline, but more so for some than for others." -"Between the ages of 25 and 40, we all begin to experience a steady decline, but a positive attitude tends to slow the decline." -"Between the ages of 30 and 40, we all begin to experience a steady decline. Fortunately, men age more slowly than women."
"Between the ages of 20 and 40, we all begin to experience a steady decline, so you're probably already headed downhill right along with me."
Kaitlyn has three favorite perfumes. One is floral, one is musky, and one has a citrus smell. What is the most likely explanation for how the receptors in her olfactory epithelium transduce these smells for interpretation by the brain? -There is one type of receptor that encodes the scent of each individual perfume. -All three perfumes are encoded by the same receptors, but the brain is able to distinguish them. -A unique pattern of several receptors is stimulated by each perfume, and this pattern is interpreted by the brain. -Some olfactory receptors are more sensitive than others.
A unique pattern of several receptors is stimulated by each perfume, and this pattern is interpreted by the brain.
Brenda and Dan both drink beer and smoke cigarettes. Since they want to eventually start a family, Brenda tells Dan that they both need to stop drinking and smoking now to avoid potential drug-related birth defects. Dan argues that since Brenda is the one who will carry the child, he can keep drinking and smoking as long as he doesn't expose her to either substance. Which of the following arguments would best support Brenda's point of view? -Alcohol consumption and smoking can affect men's sperm and are associated with known birth defects. -Alcohol consumption and smoking do not affect men's sperm but are otherwise indirectly associated with birth defects. -Alcohol consumption and smoking affect men's sperm, so continuing to indulge in substances might lessen the chance of getting pregnant. -Parental alcohol consumption and smoking will set a bad example for their child, so they both should quit now.
Alcohol consumption and smoking can affect men's sperm and are associated with known birth defects.
Tom awoke from the strangest dream. He remembers vivid emotions, sights, and even smells, but the content was very scattered and illogical. Why might this be so? -Frontal cortices are somewhat deactivated during sleep, which contributes to illogical aspects of dreaming. -Neurons were randomly firing, and Tom's sleeping mind attempted to make sense of the chaotic neural activity. -The limbic regions of the brain are active during sleep, which could be the source of the emotional content of Tom's dream. -All of the options are correct.
All of the options are correct.
Religious ecstasy and meditation both can lead to experiences of altered consciousness. Why? -Both practices involve posthypnotic suggestion. -Both are escapist activities. -Both practices allow practitioners to direct attention away from the self. -Both practices involve a spiritual component.
Both practices allow practitioners to direct attention away from the self.
Japhet knows that while rods are spread throughout the retina, cones are concentrated around the fovea. From this knowledge, what might Japhet infer? -Color is easier to detect in the dark. -Fine detail is easier to see in the dark. -Fine detail is easier to see in the periphery of the visual field. -Color is easier to see in the center of the visual field.
Color is easier to see in the center of the visual field.
Which of the following is true about the functions of dendrites and axons? -Dendrites transmit information from neighboring neurons, whereas axons detect information. -Dendrites detect information from neighboring neurons, whereas axons transmit information. -Dendrites integrate information from neighboring neurons, whereas axons detect information. -Dendrites transmit information from neighboring neurons, whereas axons integrate information.
Dendrites detect information from neighboring neurons, whereas axons transmit information.
Which of these statements about contemporary psychology is not accurate? -Few psychologists today describe themselves as strict behaviorists. -Few cognitive psychologists recognize the importance that the brain plays in cognition. -Most doctoral degrees in psychology are awarded to students in the clinical subfield. -The atrocities committed during World War II helped prompt psychologists to understand how people are shaped by interactions with others.
Few cognitive psychologists recognize the importance that the brain plays in cognition.
Jason was very stressed out and decided to get a massage. In order to fully experience the stress-relieving benefits of touch, the three functions of Jason's nervous system had to be intact. That is, his nervous system had to be able to do which three things (in the order listed)? - First integrate, then process, and finally transmit sensory information. - First integrate, then transmit, and finally process to sensory information. - First process, then transmit, and finally integrate sensory information. - First process, then integrate, and finally transmit sensory information.
First process, then transmit, and finally integrate sensory information.
Which of the following is an example of Piaget's concept of assimilation? -Fourteen-month-old Noreen's first word was "ball." Now she calls anything round that rolls a "ball." -Two-year-old Susie was told that horses don't have stripes, so she concluded that zebras were different from horses. -Fourteen-month-old Albert starts to say "bunny... bad..." about the white stuffed rabbit in his bed. -An eight-month-old lies in her bed and says "ba-ba-we-we-boo."
Fourteen-month-old Noreen's first word was "ball." Now she calls anything round that rolls a "ball."
After suffering a traumatic brain injury, Garland appeared to be unconscious. However, when he was told to imagine playing soccer or driving to his office, Garland's brain activity looked like that of healthy volunteers. Which term best describes Garland's mental state? -Garland is in a minimally conscious state. -Garland is in a persistent vegetative state. -Garland is in a state of hypnosis. -Garland is experiencing somnambulism.
Garland is in a minimally conscious state.
According to this school of thought, the whole of personal experience is different than the sum of its parts. -structuralism -behaviorism -functionalism -Gestalt theory
Gestalt theory
Dr. Tucker is a developmental psychologist. Which of the following research questions is she least likely to pursue? -How do brain chemicals influence sexual behavior in young adults? -How do children learn to speak? -When do infants learn that objects out of sight still exist? -Do video games help older adults maintain mental abilities as they age?
How do brain chemicals influence sexual behavior in young adults?
Dr. Grodner is conducting an experiment on age-related changes in memory. He is comparing how well retirees and high school students perform on a memory task. In order to conveniently schedule research participants, he has the older adults come to the lab during the day, since they are retired. The students come to the lab in the evening, after they are finished with school and other activities. What is the problematic confound in this study? -It is unfair to compare older adults to younger adults, because older adults sometimes experience memory problems. -Dr. Grodner has not operationally defined memory for purposes of his study. -If memory turns out to be something that varies by time of day, it is problematic that the older adults all do the study in the morning and the younger adults do the study at night. -Older adults have a lot more memories than younger adults, which confound the study.
If memory turns out to be something that varies by time of day, it is problematic that the older adults all do the study in the morning and the younger adults do the study at night.
Jackie and Roberto are having an argument. Roberto claims that men's and women's brains are more different in their structure and capabilities than they are similar. Jackie argues that they are similar in most ways. Given current research findings, who is most correct? -Roberto, because men's brains are larger than women's. -Jackie, because men's brains are the same size as women's. -Roberto, because men's brains have been shown to be able to process more information than women's. -Jackie, because although there are some differences, research suggests men's and women's brains are in similar most ways.
Jackie, because although there are some differences, research suggests men's and women's brains are in similar most ways.
Split-brain patient G.C. is in line at a coffee shop when he witnesses a woman in his right visual field about to trip over an electrical cord on the floor. What happens next? -Although G.C. knows what is happening, he cannot verbalize information about his right visual field, so the woman trips on the wire. -Luckily, because the incident is taking place in his right visual field, G.C. is able to warn the woman about the cord before she trips. -G.C. is unable to recognize the hazard that is taking place in his right visual field, so he makes no attempt to warn the woman, who trips. -G.C. sees the hazard and is able to verbalize it, but because he has a split brain, he no longer feels a social impulse to help the woman avoid tripping.
Luckily, because the incident is taking place in his right visual field, G.C. is able to warn the woman about the cord before she trips.
According to the consolidated theory of why sleep is important, which of these activities would be a bad idea? -Ryan's plan to stay up all night after competing in a tough wrestling match -Clarice's plan to go hiking in the woods at night -Meredith's plan to pull an all-nighter studying for her Chinese exam -Pedro's plan to go on a late-night pizza run
Meredith's plan to pull an all-nighter studying for her Chinese exam
Among the following people, who is likely to experience the greatest life satisfaction and the best health? -Timothy, who is divorced -Moses, who is happily married -Margaret, who has never married -Maxine, who cohabitates with her boyfriend
Moses, who is happily married
Dr. Tucker incorporates principles from behaviorism into her therapy practice when she thinks it may be effective in helping her patients. Which of the following is an example of how Dr. Tucker might use her knowledge of behaviorism to help people with psychological problems? -She uses new drugs that have been developed that operate on the behavior centers of the brain. -She helps teach behavior modification techniques to patients with anxiety, so they can practice avoiding faulty ways of thinking. -She suggests that her patients with memory problems use computer games to practice memory-related tasks. -She helps trauma victims improve their psychological health by discussing their childhood experiences in detail.
She helps teach behavior modification techniques to patients with anxiety, so they can practice avoiding faulty ways of thinking.
Why is REM sleep sometimes called paradoxical sleep? The paradox lies in the fact that no dreaming can occur during REM sleep. -The paradox lies in the fact that some parts of the brain are more active during REM sleep than they are during wakefulness. -The paradox lies in the fact that REM sleep is known for its relation to dreaming, but when people are awakened during the REM stage, they are highly unlikely to be aware that they have been dreaming. -The paradox lies in the fact that some parts of the brain are more active during REM sleep than they are during wakefulness. -The paradox lies in the fact that the longer you sleep, the less frequent REM stages become.
The paradox lies in the fact that some parts of the brain are more active during REM sleep than they are during wakefulness.
Your dad has a bad habit of texting while he drives. You've reminded him how dangerous this can be, but he wants to know why texting poses such a hazard. Which of the following is the most scientifically informed response? -There is a limit to how much attention is available for our conscious experience, which is what helps us respond quickly to new information—an important ability when driving a car. -Texting and cell phone use in general can induce an altered state of consciousness called hypnosis, which is dangerous while driving. -Texting is something most people do automatically and effortlessly, which is the opposite of the mindset required to drive a car. This contrast can lead to accidents. -Texting takes one hand off the steering wheel, which is the main reason it is so dangerous.
There is a limit to how much attention is available for our conscious experience, which is what helps us respond quickly to new information—an important ability when driving a car.
Janna and Sarah are identical twins who were raised apart. Lisa and Shirley are nonrelated adopted siblings who were raised in the same home. Which pair would you expect to be more similar in personality traits like intelligence and shyness? -Janna and Sarah -Lisa and Shirley -Both sibling pairs will have similar intelligence levels, but the degree of shyness cannot be predicted. -This question cannot be answered without knowing how intelligent or shy the people who raised these siblings are.
This question cannot be answered without knowing how intelligent or shy the people who raised these siblings are.
Timothy was born without testes. With respect to hormone production and sexual behavior, which of the following is the most likely outcome? -Timothy will have some testosterone, but he will probably be unable to achieve an erection. -Timothy will lack testosterone, but he will probably be able to achieve an erection. -Timothy will have some testosterone and will probably be able to achieve an erection. -Timothy will lack testosterone and will probably be unable to achieve an erection.
Timothy will lack testosterone and will probably be unable to achieve an erection.
Carlos accidentally added an extra tablespoon of sugar into a cake batter. This probably won't matter much, although the same tablespoon of sugar would be noticeable if he put it in his cup of tea. What explains this difference? -signal detection theory -Weber's law -top-down processing -sensory adaptation
Weber's law
Your roommate tells you that he is planning to conduct an observational study for his senior thesis. Which of the following questions would you ask to demonstrate that you understand how observational studies are designed? -What is your dependent variable? -How did you identify the best case study to investigate? -Will your research take place in the lab or in the natural environment? -Are you concerned that self-report bias may affect your results?
Will your research take place in the lab or in the natural environment?
You are doing an experiment to test whether exercise improves self-control in children. Half of the children will jump rope for five minutes before being left alone in a room with a bowl of candy. The other half of the children will color for five minutes before being left alone in the room with the candy. You plan to measure how long it takes for each child to begin eating the candy as well as how much candy the children consume. Which statement about your research is true? -Your dependent variable has two operational definitions. -Your independent variable has two operational definitions. -Your study does not have a control group. -Your study has the advantage of taking place in a real-world setting.
Your dependent variable has two operational definitions.
Peipei's mother brings her two-year-old daughter to see a new doctor. Peipei's mother leaves the room and Peipei is momentarily left alone with the doctor. When Peipei's mother returns and hugs Peipei, Peipei looks at her mother and smiles, but at the same time she yells and pushes her mother away. Peipei has most likely formed a(n) __________ attachment with her mother. -conventional -secure -avoidant -ambivalent
ambivalent
Kristina wants to paint the living room a bright blue. Maya prefers the dark blue paint. In other words, they disagree about the __________ of the light reflecting from the two colors. -amplitude -saturation -wavelength -hue
amplitude
What is empiricism? -an approach to gaining knowledge about behavior and mental processes by observation and measurement only -observing and measuring phenomena relying largely on intuition -a model of interconnected ideas or concepts that explains observations -an early school of psychology concerned with the adaptive purpose of mind and behavior
an approach to gaining knowledge about behavior and mental processes by observation and measurement only
Ralph loves his birthday, but he tends to eat too much throughout the day. At the _________ level, there may be hormonal reasons why Ralph is prone to overeating. At the _________ level, it is hard for Ralph to turn down second helpings when his friends keep buying him meals. -individual; cultural -individual; social -biological; cultural -biological; social
biological; social
Seven-year-old Samantha suffered trauma to the language centers in the left hemisphere of her brain as a result of a bicycle accident. Although she did have some language deficits after the trauma, she eventually was able to recover much of what she'd lost because new growth in non-affected areas of the brain made up for the damage. This ability to recover from brain trauma in this fashion is an example of -the difference between male and female brains. -therapeutic effectiveness. -a healthy genotype. -brain reorganization.
brain reorganization.
