Psychology 1301- Exam 2

In regards to associative learning, what is Discrimination? a. learning to respond to a particular stimulus but not to similar stimuli b. initial learning of the association c. reappearance of an extinct behavior after a delay tendency to respond to stimuli that are similar to the conditioned stimulus

a. learning to respond to a particular stimulus but not to similar stimuli

Which of the following is a passive form of associative learning? a. Classical Punishment b. Operant conditioning c. Insight learning d. None of the above

a. classical conditioning

What is the loss of ability to form and store new memories? a. Anterograde amnesia b. Trace-Decay c. Flashbulb memory d. Retrograde amnesia

a. Anterograde Amnesia

In chemotherapy treatment, doctors often use "scapegoat" foods to disguise the flavors and try to reduce the nausea caused in patients coming from foods that they normally enjoy. What condition best describes how this technique works? a. Blocking b. Generalization c. Extinction d. Conditioned taste aversion

a. Blocking

1. What are the Three phases of memory? a. Encoding, Storage and Retrieval b. Encoding, Supplying and Releasing c. Examining, Spacing, and Retrieval d. None of the above

a. Encoding, Storage, and Retrieval

Which is responsible for the way a cats pupil can become very small or very large? a. Iris b. Retina c. Lens d. Cornea

a. Iris

What Phenomenon occurs because neurons do not just communicate with each other in the moment and contains remnants of passed communications? a. Memory traces b. Long-term potentiation c. Consolidation d. Reconsolidation

a. Memory traces

I begin to notice my newly adopted dog becomes very aggressive every time I give him a toy and play with him. To try and stop his aggressive behavior I take away his toy every time he growls and shows aggression while playing with me. What Principle of Operant Conditioning is this an example of? a. Negative Punishment b. Positive Punishment c. Negative Reinforcement d. Positive Reinforcement

a. Negative punishment

What term defines a stimulus/event that increases the probability that the response it follows will be repeated? a. Reinforcer b. Consequences c. Thorndike's Law of Effect d. Operant

a. Reinforcer

Which of the following is the loss of remembering old memories? a. Retrograde amnesia b. Anterograde amnesia c. Sandler amnesia d. Operant amnesia

a. Retrograde Amnesia

Which of the following is an example of Cued Recall? a. Selecting the correct answer on a multiple-choice exam b. Telling your friend what classes you took in high school c. Putting in your password for your Perp account d. Remembering what number Mx. Davis repeated in class last week.

a. Selecting the correct answer on a multiple choice exam

What is the difference between sensation and perception? a. Sensation: Uses literal senses; Perception: How we perceive the world around us b. Sensation: How sensitive you are to sensations, Perception: How your brain adapts to constant stimuli c. Sensation: How you feel about something; Perception: Something that can be measured d. Sensation: Measures what you feel; Perception: Allows your brain to process language

a. Sensation: Uses literal senses; Perception: How we perceive the world around us

What are the two key visual pathways in our brain that work individually and together? a. The Ventral and Dorsal Visual Pathway b. The Occipital and the Primary visual cortex c. The optic chasm and the visual association cortex d. None of the above

a. The Ventral and Dorsal Visual pathway

A primary reinforcer are naturally rewarding because they satisfy basic needs. a. True b. False

a. True

We have two key pathways in our brain that work both individually and together. Which key pathway is considered the "what pathway"? a. Ventral Visual Pathway b. Dorsal Visual Pathway c. Insular Visual Pathway d. Gustal Visual Pathway

a. Ventral Visual Pathway

1. "If a child receives all "A's" on their report card, he or she is given an upgrade in their allowance." This statement is an example of what type of operant conditioning? a. Positive b. Negative c. Increase d. Decrease

a. positive

What is sensory adaptation? a. when sensory receptors adapt to a constant stimuli by becoming less sensitive to it b. when you brain adapts to the constant stimuli c. when the stimuli transforms into electrical impulses d. when you need more of a stimulus to notice a difference

a. when sensory receptors adapt to a constant stimuli by becoming less sensitive to it

If you were on a week long cruise and a couple hours of being off of the ship once the cruise has ended you still feel slight swaying movement even though you are on land, what is this an example of? a. Sensory Adaptation b. Aftereffect c. Perceptual Adaptation d. Signal-Detection Theory

b. After effect

1. In ABC's of operant conditioning, what does A stand for? a. Acquisition b. Antecedents c. Attention d. Accompanying

b. Antecedents

What is a way classical conditioning affects us in real life? a. Petting a dog b. Cravings for Drugs c. Crying to sleep d. Running

b. Cravings for drugs

What is learning to respond to a particular stimulus but not to a particular stimuli? a. Generalization b. Discrimination c. Extinction d. Acquistion

b. Discrimination

Rods are responsible for Color Vision a. True b. False

b. False

The inability to remember events that occurred during one's early years (before age three) is called? a. recognition b. infantile amnesia c. repression d. retrograde amnesia

b. Infantile amnesia

Which of the following is NOT a phase of memory? a. Storage b. Processing c. Encoding d. Retrieval

b. Processing

What is the cornea's purpose in the eye? a. The structure that focuses on light b. Transparent covering on the eyes surface c. To see unicorns and rainbows d. Contracts and expands to regulate the size of the pupil

b. Transparent covering on the eyes surface

1. What wavelength on the light spectrum is visible using only the naked eye? a. Radio waves b. Visible Light c. X-ray d. Infrared

b. Visible light

What is the cause of Habituation? a. Muscle spasms b. Deceased response due to fatigue c. The brain stimulating d. Sore muscles from the gym

b. deceased response to fatigue

What type of long term memory is based off of personal experience? a. semantic b. episodic c. encoding d. procedural

b. episodic

What does "A" stand for in the ABC's of operant conditioning? a. acknowledgment b. apprehensiveness c. antecedents d. anterograde

c. Antecedents

1. What are the ABC's of operant conditioning? a. Ants, Bees, Caterpillars b. Antecedents, Behavior, and Control c. Antecedents, Behavior and Consequences d. Antecedents, Biology, and Consequences

c. Antecedents, Behavior, and Consequences

What connects photoreceptors to ganglion cells? a. Lens b. Retina c. Bipolar cells d. Cornea

c. Bipolar cells

What is the form of memory that involves intentional and conscious remembering? a. Implicit Memory b. Priming Memory c. Explicit Memory d. Procedural Memory

c. Explicit Memory

1. In an operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specified time has elapsed is called? a. positive reinforcement b. associative learning c. fixed-interval schedule d. fixed-ratio schedule

c. Fixed interval schedule

I go around a corner and someone scares me, and I flinch. A week later, I flinch when rounding the corner even though no one was around to scare me this time around. What is the conditioned response? a. The corner b. Screaming c. Flinching d. The individual who scared me

c. Flinching

Which of the following match the description to the correct vision order? A distant object isn't close enough to the retina. a. Presbyopia b. Farsightedness (Hyperopia) c. Nearsightedness (Myopia) d. Astigmatism

c. Nearsightedness (myopia)

In an elementary English classroom, a teacher is trying to encourage student to speak up and ask/answer questions. Each time a student answers a question correctly, the teacher will give the student a ticket to reward them. At the end of each week, they can turn in their tickets for a small prize such as a snack or game. What is this an example of? a. Positive Punishment b. Negative Punishment c. Positive Reinforcement d. Negative Reinforcement

c. Positive Reinforcement

Which photoreceptor is responsible for black and white vision? a. Cones b. Fovea c. Rods d. Infrared

c. Rods

What are the three storage levels of memory? a. Encoding, storage, and retrieval b. Declarative memory, episodic memory, and somatic memory c. Sensory memory, short term memory, and Long term memory d. Netflix memory, music memory, and food memory.

c. Sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory

The increased likelihood of remembering when a person is in the same mental state during both encoding and retrieval is? a. Mood-dependent encoding b. Flashbulb memories c. State-dependent retrieval d. Explicit memory

c. State-Dependent retrieval

What are one of the three phases of Memory? a. Remembering b. Studying c. Storage d. Chunking

c. Storage

Which of the following statements is true about the eyes blind spot ? a. The blind spot causes images on the retina to be upside down. b. The blind spot is a distraction during tasks requiring visual attention. c. The blind spot is caused by an absence of photoreceptors cells. d. On the retina, the blind spot appears as a small indentation.

c. The blind spot is caused by an absence of photoreceptors cells.

After hearing a fire alarm, you still hear the sound briefly after the alarm stops. This is an example of? a. Sensory adaptation b. Perceptual adaptation c. An after effect d. Signal detection theory

c. an After effect

What is a cognitive map? a. The process of working through a problem b. Learning that occurs without incentive or any clear motivation c. An event or stimulus that increases probability that the response it follows will be repeated. d. A mental representation of an area that helps an organism navigate its way from one point to another.

d. A mental representation of an area that helps and organism navigate its way from one point to another.

Which Gestalt principle has to do with a series of stimuli that will be perceived as representing a unified form? a. Connectedness b. Similarity c. Closure d. Continuity

d. Continuity

1. During class, we were given an example of retrieval. Mx. Davis said that "being tested over material with multiple choice question is an example of _________. a. Memory b. Recognition c. Free Recall d. Cued Recall

d. Cued Recall

If I remember an event long term because I personally experienced it. such as my first kiss, what is that an example of? a. Semantic Memory b. Procedural Memory c. Priming Memory d. Episodic Memory

d. Episodic memory

Form of memory that occurs without intentional recollections/awareness is ________ memory? a. Explicit memory b. Declarative memory c. Long-Term memory d. Implicit Memory

d. Implicit Memory

Which of the following is true about memory? a. Memory is the storage of information in the brain for later access b. Memory allows your past to guide decisions c. The brains' ability to recall your past d. is also known as the hippocampus

d. Is also known as the hippocampus

When looking at the diagram of the ear. Which part of the ear has three small bones called incus, malleus, and stapes? a. Cochlea b. Eardrum c. Oval Window d. Ossicles e. None of the above

d. Ossicles

Which is the correct definition for a Primary reinforcer? a. Learned reinforcers that develop their reinforcing properties because of their association with primary reinforcers. b. Initial learning of the association. c. Tendency to respond to stimuli that are similar to the conditioned stimulus. d. Reinforcers that are naturally rewarding because they satisfy basic biological needs or drives.

d. Reinforcers that are naturally rewarding because they satisfy the basic psychological needs.

Which of the following is an example of a semantic memory? a. Recalling the feeling of when you broke your leg b. Memories from your first day of school c. Having memories of your recent family vacation d. Remembering the name of Mx. Davis' dog

d. Remembering the name of Mx. Davis' dog

Which of the flowing match with the term with their corresponding process? Retention of information. a. Memory b. Retrieval c. Encoding d. Storage

d. Storage

When it comes to long term memory is considered a form of memory that involves conscious remembering such as an animal fact? a. Implicit memory b. Semantic memory c. Declarative memory d. Priming memory e. Explicit memory

e. Explicit memory