Art History Survey I
Why is the Throne Verse a popular inscription decorating Muslim palaces?
It proclaims God's power
What conclusions do scholars draw based on the presence of sophisticated water systems in Mohenjo Daro?
Mohenjo Daro has central political control
Assessing the physical properties of a work of art requires examining
Shape, size, materials, and technique
Which building is an example of a longitudinal plan?
St. Peter's
The "Priest-King" and Male Torso reveal that early Indus Valley art is
Stylistically diverse
What characterizes the decoration of Old Palace period Kamaresware
Stylized ornament, conforming to the vessels shape
Indian religious art is typically
Theatrical
The central chamber in South Asian Hindu temples represents a/an
Womb or mountain cavern
Cycladic figures display the stylistic convention known as
abstraction
Greek geometric period art is characterized by its
abstraction
early classical period Greek sculptures employ bronze to
allow for more complex poses
Mycenaean tombs like the Treasury of Atreus were built using a
corbeled vault
The most prominent feature of the new palace period complexes was a large, central
courtyard
the early classical period of Greek art is said to begin with the
defeat of the Persians
Wall painting in Predynastic Egypt is
figural
Tetrarchic portraiture is characterized by
geometricized abstraction
How is the decoration on early Islamic pottery distinct from mosque ornamentation?
it includes figures
Egyptian Mamluk art is known for its
iwan plans, able masonry, and thin glass
Homes in Predynastic Egypt are
mud brick
Miniatures from the Paris Psalter are characteristic of the Macedonian Renaissance in their
return to a Classical use of modeling and rendering of space.
The exedrae at the Pantheon are located in the
wall
The earliest known prehistoric art dates to roughly
40,000-80,000 years ago
Some early Jewish synagogues are based on Roman
Basilicas
What do the chaitya hall at Karle and the Temple of Shiva at Elephanta have in common?
Both are cut from caves.
The minoan paintings done on wet plaster employ the
Buon fresco technique
What does the Palette of Narmer's sculptor use to represent the king's body?
Canon of proportion
How does the Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus make clear Christ's power?
Christ is depicted like a Roman emperor
Which element of an Etruscan temple demonstrates Greek influence?
Columned porch
Canon of proportions was used to
Create an ideal system for depicting human figures
Works of architecture are included in the text because they
Display exceptional design or illustrate important cultural values
A picture that recounts an event drawn from a story, either factual or fictional. In continuous narrative, multiple scenes from the same story appear within a single compositional frame
Narrative image
The image of Theodora at San Vitale in Ravenna illustrates the Early Byzantine combination of
Naturalism and abstraction
What syncretic image represents prayerful individuals?
Orant
What feature distinguishes Ottoman mosques from the Umayyad mosques in Damascus and Córdoba?
Ottoman mosques have large domed spaces uninterrupted by structural supports.
After Constantinople expelled the Christian Crusaders in 1261, its art underwent a resurgence known as the
Palaeologue Renaissance.
Which object best illustrates how Christianity did not diminish Roman interest in the artistic traditions of their pagan Classical past?
Platter from Mildenhall
How does the Parthenon embody Classical Greek humanism, as illustrated by the statement, "Man is the measure of all things"?
Refinements in the design counteract optical illusions
Most Roman cities were planned according to a grid model that had first developed in
Roman army camps
What distinguishes Roman portraiture during the Republican period from Greek Classical sculpture?
Roman portraiture emphasizes age and individual likeness
How does the Temple of Portunus illustrate Horace's claim that "Captive Greece conquered her savage conquerors and brought the arts to rustic Latium"?
Roman temples borrow many features from Greek temples
Byzantine traditions are still practiced today in
Russian icon painting
Which scene from the Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus is an example of prefiguration?
Sacrifice of Isaac
How has the fact that the Ancient Aegean was widely known for its bronze materials helped scholars to know this era?
Scholars study the bronze export goods that fill shipwrecks from the era
Which object is an example of narrative
Standard of Ur
At Borobudur in Indonesia, a complex range of Mahayana symbolism on the varied levels of the structures reflects
The Buddhist follower's rise to nirvana
What is the ultimate destination for Islamic pilgrims performing the hajj?
The Kaaba
Why does Safavid architecture look like Timurid building?
The Safavids rule the region after the Timurids.
Why does the decoration on the Timurid Shah-i Zinda Funerary Complex include Chinese-inspired chinoiserie patterns?
The Timurid territories included parts of China.
Why are the structure and function of the Pont du Gard described as "marks of Roman civilization"?
The aqueduct is a civic project that employs the arch.
Why do the conquering Spaniards preserve the Nasrid Alhambra in Granada?
The beautiful palace is a symbol of Muslim defeat.
How does the Cista of Novios Plautios reflect Etruria's location?
The cista's material is extracted form the Etruscan countryside
The introduction compares Mark Rothko's No. 3/No. 13 and Martha Knowles and Henrietta Tomas' My Sweet Sister Emma in order to make the point that
The definition of art has changed overtime
Ziggurats were the result of which cultural shift occurring in Early Mesopotamia?
The development of organized religion
Why did Justinian claim poetically that Hagia Sophia's gigantic dome seemed to hang suspended on a "golden chain from heaven"?
The dome rests on pendentives and piers, leaving the area below open
Why does an episode from the Hebrew Bible Book of Genesis appear in a Persian manuscript painting?
The story is also told in the Muslim Qur'an.
How do Early Byzantine ivory diptychs reflect Roman influence?
They adapt Roman honorific objects for Christian use
What evidence supports art historian Gail Hoffman's theory that the Cycladic marble figures were related to rituals of mourning the dead?
They are found in groves
What is the symbolic function of the narrative relief panels on the Vishnu Temple, Deogarh?
They are windows that let the light of the deity out of the temple
The introduction of art during the Paleolithic period reflects the unique human ability to
Think symbolically
Why is there a Byzantine church in Venice?
Venice traded with Constantinople.
What event is thought to have begun the Islamic prohibition of figural imagery in religious architecture?
When Muhammad emptied the Kaaba of its pagan idols
How does the architecture at Borobodur in Indonesia represent Buddhist enlightenment?
Wide vistas on its upper level
What cultural shift of the Middle Byzantine period is reflected in the humanized image of the Virgin of Vladimir?
a desire for a more immediate and personalized religion
What separates the nave from the altar in a Byzantine church?
a screen
Seen in almost every temple to Shiva, what is the focus of the east-west axis at the Cave-Temple of Shiva at Elephanta?
a square linga shrine
What motivated the expensive addition of the apse mosaic in Hagia Sophia in the Middle Byzantine period?
an urgency to assert the importance of iconic imagery
what characteristic distinguishes the Orientalizing style of vase painting from the geometric period
animal and figurative motifs
Islamic nonfigural ornament including complex geometric designs and foliate vines are known as
arabesques
Commodus's portrait dressed as Hercules employs the typical Roman Imperial portraiture characteristic of
as idealized, Classical body type
The Forum of Trajan exemplifies the Roman High Imperial use of architecture
as propaganda
Roman imperial painters seemingly dissolve the walls they paint using
atmospheric and intuitive perspective to create the illusion of real space.
A groin vault is created by the intersection of two
barrel vaults
The Sarcophagus with Indian Triumph responds to what change in the Roman High Imperial cultural context?
burial of the dead
A column in the shape of a woman is called a/an
caryatid
The purpose of a Roman triumphal arch is to
celebrate a military victory
The Baths of Caracalla reflect the Late Imperial period persistence of Roman
civic architectural projects
The Roman basilica is dedicated to
civic functions
The outpost at Dura Europos illustrates the
coexistence of religions
A madrasa is a
college for religious and legal studies
identify the parts of an archaic temple elevation
column, entablature, and pediment
Middle Byzantine churches are known for their
complex shapes, vertical emphasis, and decoration inside and out
The chapter compared Raphael's Madonna of the Goldfinch and Renoir's Mme. Charpentier and her children to illustrate how
composition shapes the way the painted figures interact
The Pantheon takes advantage of the Roman architectural developments of
concrete and the dome
Roman villa plans typically include
cubiculae and tablinum organized around a peristyle
Mycenean architecture is known for its
cyclopean masonry, fortified citadels, and megarons
The decorative program at the parekklesion at the Monastery of Christ in Chora addresses
death and salvation
Archaeologists have dated the shipwreck at ulu burun using
dendrochronology of a piece of firewood
Greek city-states are political entities that establish
distinct cultural identifies
The coffers and oculus at the Pantheon are located in the
dome
Imperial Ottoman mosques recall Byzantine church plans thanks to their
domed central plans
The Funerary Complex near Samarkand typifies Timurid architecture in its
double-shelled domes and glazed ceramics
Buddhas and bodhisattvas are distinguished in South Asian art by their
dress
Middle Byzantine artists increasingly gave their religious images greater
emotion
The conventions of Late Byzantine art include
emotion, small heads on large bodies, and forward-projecting perspective
Late Byzantine artists invented an ideal geometry to
evoke the presence of a spiritual realm
The Emperor Caracalla had himself depicted as a fierce ruler because the Late Imperial emperors
faced increased threats to the empire
Cycladic art is best known for its
figurative marble sculptures
What practical concern is related to the composition of pedimental sculpture on Greek temples
figures must conform to the triangular shape
The plan of Roman urban temples reveals that they were built
for visits to the interior cella
A common characteristic in the art of Constantinople under the Palaeologues is
forward-projecting perspective.
Early Islamic art is described as eclectic due to its
geographic span and diverse traditions.
Christians could not use Roman temples as models for their churches due to the Christian practice of
group worship
A cathedral is a church that is
home to the bishop
Unlike a temple, the Great Stupa at Sanchi is intended to
house relics
the bull leaping fresco is typical of new palace period murals for its depiction of
human activity
An Ottoman tugra is a/an
imperial cipher, often combining the royal name and title with a motto.
Apulu of Veii illustrates how Etruscans
incorporated Greek gods into their beliefs
in contrast to Egyptian religious complexes, greek sanctuaries were
integrated with the natural site
How is Married Couple Embracing typical of Etruscan figural art?
its lifelike intimacy
What Islamic structure type is characterized by its vaulted hall, rectangular plan, and monumental arched opening?
iwan plans, able masonry, and thin glass
Inside a mastaba is the
ka statue and chapel
archaic period sculpture is increasingly
lifelike
Formal analysis requires art historians to examine
line, light, form, and color
Santa Costanza's central plan means that it lacks
long nave
The Temple of Vishnu at Deogarh employs a plan based on the
mandala, meaning the layout of the cosmos
The advantage of the red-figure vase painting technique is
more fluid drawing
A common subject for Archaic vase painting is
mythological narratives
Persian Herat School painting is described as
narrative
Archaic vase painters excel at representing
narratives composed to take advantage of the pot's shape
The plan of a Christian basilica includes
nave, aisles, and apse
New Palace period Minoan architecture is characterized by its
openness, light, and complex plans
In art history, composition refers to the
organization of a work of art
Indian painting typically employs
outlined forms
identifh the parts of an archaic temple plan
peristyle, pronaos, and cella
A corbeled arch or vault uses stacked stones
placed progressively closer together
Douris's use of foreshortening creates the illusion of
projection from back to front
The animals on the Lion Gate at Mycenae symbolize
protection and power
The lapinth and centaur metopes
reason over emotion
The Riace Warrior embodies the Greek desire to
seek an ideal based on the human form
A barrel vault is a/an
semicircular arch extended into space
One way in which a Tuscan order column differs from one of the Doric order is that the
shaft is smooth
Most of our knowledge of the Aegean Bronze age comes from
shipwrecks and burials
a serab is a
small sealed room that housed the ka statue
A common stylistic trait of Cycladic figurines is
strict symmetry
The Shape and orientation of the Great Pyramids are related to the
sun
Greek geometric period funerary art focuses on
survivor emotions
What structure provided the model for the architecture of Islamic mosques?
the Prophet Muhammad's home
What symbolic connection is reinforced in Angkor Wat in Cambodia?
the divine lineage of the Khmer kings
Tetrarchic portraiture corresponds to what historical event?
the division of the Roman empire for administrative purposes
The Column of Trajan pictures the common Roman Imperial period theme of
the emperor's achievements
Greek geometric period vase painting avoids
the illusion of three-dimensional space
The lack of fortification at the palace of pylos suggests that
the location was thought to be defensive
How is the Safavid preference for modular architecture visible at the Royal Mosque in Isfahan?
the repetition of arched iwans
In knotted carpet techniques, the knot is tied around
the warp thread.
What was the primary significance of the extensive decorations inside Byzantine churches?
to create an otherworldly realm distinct from outside the church
Perikles rebuilds the temples and sanctuaries on the Acropolis
to thank the gods for military victory
Buddhism and Hinduism arrive in Southeast Asia thanks to
trade
Which aspect of the Santa Costanza's decoration is an example of syncretism?
vines
The relief sculptures on the Arch of Constantine demonstrate how the Late Imperial period appreciated art that
was both abstracted and classicizing
Santa Costanzo's central plan means that is lacks?
A long nave
Found in the Catacomb of SS. Peter and Marcellinus, Jonah and the Whale is an example of
A prefiguration of christ
The Crossing of the Red Sea is a good example of
A storytelling image
Muslims believe the Kaaba to have been built for God by
Abraham
How is Djoser's Stepped Pyramid similar to a Mesopotamian ziggurat?
Accompanied by a temple
How does the Great Mosque at Córdoba reveal the advantage of hypostyle halls?
Adding bays accommodates growing congregations
Scholars believe that Maurya period pillars represent
An axis between heaven and earth, linking the ruler and the buddhist faith
Ark of the Covenant and Menorahs is a good example of
An iconic or symbolic image
What distinguishes art form tools during the stone age
Art includes images while tools do not
The Christ as the Good Shepherd at Dura Europos is an example of syncretism because it is
Based on Roman images of Apollo or Orpheus
The highest-status artist in Islamic society was the
Calligrapher
The art of Predynastic Egypt is principally made of
Ceramics
A Mycenaean megaron consists of a
Chamber proceeded by a columned porch
Middle Byzantine church central domes are commonly decorated with an image of
Christ Pantokrator.
What characterizes Buddhist devotional practice at sites such as the Great Stupa at Sanchi?
Circumambulation
A characteristic feature of Mesopotamian votive figures is their
Clasped hands
Few icons from the Early Byzantine period survive thanks to iconoclasm's
Destruction of religious images
Archaic period temples employ the
Doric and Ionic orders
What characterizes the architecture of Minoan old palace period?
Dressed stone walls and wood columns
What historical event permits the building of Christian churches in Rome?
Edict of Milan
The Indus Valley city of Mohejo-Daro includes a/an
Elevated citadel and grid-plan city
The Khajuraho temples are especially well known for their
Erotic sculptures
Why did some prehistoric sites contain many more tools than the community needed?
Extra tools equals status
The Standing Buddha from the Kushan period's Gandahara style is remarkable for representing one of the first
Figural representations of the Buddha in South Asia art
The Gandhara style combines Indian and Persian styles with forms from
Greek Hellenism
How is Greek art different from Egyptian art?
Greek artistic styles change rapidly
What features distinguish the Buddha from other figures in Buddha and Attendants?
Hand gestures and ushnisha
Mithuna couples depicted on Buddhist structures represent
Harmony and fertility
Which Early Mesopotamian formal convention illustrates political stratification?
Hierarchic scale
Which artistic convention identifies Narmer as a King?
Hierarchic scale
The Gupta period is known for introducing
Hindu temples
How does a mosque's hypostyle hall plan reflect Islamic principles?
How does a mosque's hypostyle hall plan reflect Islamic principles?
Why were early humans able to make and understand art, unlike other species?
Humans can recognize tools
A picture that expresses or embodies an intangible concept or idea
Iconic image
How does portraiture change in Early Roman imperial art?
Idealization based on Greek Classical art is combined with specific likenesses
The churches of Hagia Sophia and San Vitale and the monastery of Saint Catherine demonstrate how Justinian uses religious monuments to embody his
Imperial power
What distinguishes a codex from a scroll?
Individual codex pages are bound together.
What technology distinguishes Indus architecture from other contemporary civilizations' buildings?
Indus architecture uses fired brick.
Lacking figural imagery, Islamic mosques are most commonly decorated with
Inscriptions, geometric designs, and arabesques
What effect does the Muslim practice of congregational worship at a mosque have on architecture?
Islamic mosques have to accommodate large numbers of worshippers.
How does the mirador in the Palace of the Lions at the Alhambra in Granada support the ruler's political position?
It allows him to view his territories.
How does the portrait of Constantine illustrate continuity and change in Roman art during the Late Empire?
It combines Classical and abstract features.
How is the plan of Hagia Sophia unlike Early Christian churches in Rome?
It combines a longitudinal and central plan
How does the Ara Pacis embody the political context of the Roman Early Imperial period?
It commemorates the emperor's achievements
In what way is the Ardabil Carpet typical of Islamic mosque decoration?
It employs floral and geometric patterns.
How does the Dome of the Rock embody the diversity of Islamic art?
It employs the Early Christian and Byzantine central plan
How does the cargo found at Ulu Burun testify to the Ancient Aegean trade?
It includes items from the near east, Egypt, and elsewhere in Africa
In what way does the portrait sculpture of Aulus Metellus illustrate the political context of the Republican period?
It is a portrait of a senator from the ruling oligarchy
How does the Great Mosque at Damascus reflect the Umayadd's admiration for Roman civilization?
It is built on Roman foundations and reuses Roman columns.
As a Hindu temple, why is the central tower at Loro Jonggrang so tall?
It symbolizes a mountain
What accounts for the significant number of Christian structures in Ravenna?
It was the Roman imperial capital in the west in the fifth century
Which aspect of Greek geography has the most profound impact on Greek culture?
It's seaside location, for trade with other cultures
Although clearly influenced by Borobodur, what distinguishes the Southeast Asian site of Loro Jonggrang in Prambanan?
Its dedicated to the Hindu gods
Etruscan tombs are known for their representations of
Leisure and festivities
Which part of a Hindu temple permitted circumambulation?
Mandapas
The image known as the Deësis features Christ with
Mary and St. John the Baptist
Egyptian pyramids developed from the early dynastic period
Mastaba
The Dvaravati style Buddha from Thailand displays features characteristic of the South Asian
Mathura style
