Art History Survey I

Why is the Throne Verse a popular inscription decorating Muslim palaces?

It proclaims God's power

What conclusions do scholars draw based on the presence of sophisticated water systems in Mohenjo Daro?

Mohenjo Daro has central political control

Assessing the physical properties of a work of art requires examining

Shape, size, materials, and technique

Which building is an example of a longitudinal plan?

St. Peter's

The "Priest-King" and Male Torso reveal that early Indus Valley art is

Stylistically diverse

What characterizes the decoration of Old Palace period Kamaresware

Stylized ornament, conforming to the vessels shape

Indian religious art is typically

Theatrical

The central chamber in South Asian Hindu temples represents a/an

Womb or mountain cavern

Cycladic figures display the stylistic convention known as

abstraction

Greek geometric period art is characterized by its

abstraction

early classical period Greek sculptures employ bronze to

allow for more complex poses

Mycenaean tombs like the Treasury of Atreus were built using a

corbeled vault

The most prominent feature of the new palace period complexes was a large, central

courtyard

the early classical period of Greek art is said to begin with the

defeat of the Persians

Wall painting in Predynastic Egypt is

figural

Tetrarchic portraiture is characterized by

geometricized abstraction

How is the decoration on early Islamic pottery distinct from mosque ornamentation?

it includes figures

Egyptian Mamluk art is known for its

iwan plans, able masonry, and thin glass

Homes in Predynastic Egypt are

mud brick

Miniatures from the Paris Psalter are characteristic of the Macedonian Renaissance in their

return to a Classical use of modeling and rendering of space.

The exedrae at the Pantheon are located in the

wall

The earliest known prehistoric art dates to roughly

40,000-80,000 years ago

Some early Jewish synagogues are based on Roman

Basilicas

What do the chaitya hall at Karle and the Temple of Shiva at Elephanta have in common?

Both are cut from caves.

The minoan paintings done on wet plaster employ the

Buon fresco technique

What does the Palette of Narmer's sculptor use to represent the king's body?

Canon of proportion

How does the Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus make clear Christ's power?

Christ is depicted like a Roman emperor

Which element of an Etruscan temple demonstrates Greek influence?

Columned porch

Canon of proportions was used to

Create an ideal system for depicting human figures

Works of architecture are included in the text because they

Display exceptional design or illustrate important cultural values

A picture that recounts an event drawn from a story, either factual or fictional. In continuous narrative, multiple scenes from the same story appear within a single compositional frame

Narrative image

The image of Theodora at San Vitale in Ravenna illustrates the Early Byzantine combination of

Naturalism and abstraction

What syncretic image represents prayerful individuals?

Orant

What feature distinguishes Ottoman mosques from the Umayyad mosques in Damascus and Córdoba?

Ottoman mosques have large domed spaces uninterrupted by structural supports.

After Constantinople expelled the Christian Crusaders in 1261, its art underwent a resurgence known as the

Palaeologue Renaissance.

Which object best illustrates how Christianity did not diminish Roman interest in the artistic traditions of their pagan Classical past?

Platter from Mildenhall

How does the Parthenon embody Classical Greek humanism, as illustrated by the statement, "Man is the measure of all things"?

Refinements in the design counteract optical illusions

Most Roman cities were planned according to a grid model that had first developed in

Roman army camps

What distinguishes Roman portraiture during the Republican period from Greek Classical sculpture?

Roman portraiture emphasizes age and individual likeness

How does the Temple of Portunus illustrate Horace's claim that "Captive Greece conquered her savage conquerors and brought the arts to rustic Latium"?

Roman temples borrow many features from Greek temples

Byzantine traditions are still practiced today in

Russian icon painting

Which scene from the Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus is an example of prefiguration?

Sacrifice of Isaac

How has the fact that the Ancient Aegean was widely known for its bronze materials helped scholars to know this era?

Scholars study the bronze export goods that fill shipwrecks from the era

Which object is an example of narrative

Standard of Ur

At Borobudur in Indonesia, a complex range of Mahayana symbolism on the varied levels of the structures reflects

The Buddhist follower's rise to nirvana

What is the ultimate destination for Islamic pilgrims performing the hajj?

The Kaaba

Why does Safavid architecture look like Timurid building?

The Safavids rule the region after the Timurids.

Why does the decoration on the Timurid Shah-i Zinda Funerary Complex include Chinese-inspired chinoiserie patterns?

The Timurid territories included parts of China.

Why are the structure and function of the Pont du Gard described as "marks of Roman civilization"?

The aqueduct is a civic project that employs the arch.

Why do the conquering Spaniards preserve the Nasrid Alhambra in Granada?

The beautiful palace is a symbol of Muslim defeat.

How does the Cista of Novios Plautios reflect Etruria's location?

The cista's material is extracted form the Etruscan countryside

The introduction compares Mark Rothko's No. 3/No. 13 and Martha Knowles and Henrietta Tomas' My Sweet Sister Emma in order to make the point that

The definition of art has changed overtime

Ziggurats were the result of which cultural shift occurring in Early Mesopotamia?

The development of organized religion

Why did Justinian claim poetically that Hagia Sophia's gigantic dome seemed to hang suspended on a "golden chain from heaven"?

The dome rests on pendentives and piers, leaving the area below open

Why does an episode from the Hebrew Bible Book of Genesis appear in a Persian manuscript painting?

The story is also told in the Muslim Qur'an.

How do Early Byzantine ivory diptychs reflect Roman influence?

They adapt Roman honorific objects for Christian use

What evidence supports art historian Gail Hoffman's theory that the Cycladic marble figures were related to rituals of mourning the dead?

They are found in groves

What is the symbolic function of the narrative relief panels on the Vishnu Temple, Deogarh?

They are windows that let the light of the deity out of the temple

The introduction of art during the Paleolithic period reflects the unique human ability to

Think symbolically

Why is there a Byzantine church in Venice?

Venice traded with Constantinople.

What event is thought to have begun the Islamic prohibition of figural imagery in religious architecture?

When Muhammad emptied the Kaaba of its pagan idols

How does the architecture at Borobodur in Indonesia represent Buddhist enlightenment?

Wide vistas on its upper level

What cultural shift of the Middle Byzantine period is reflected in the humanized image of the Virgin of Vladimir?

a desire for a more immediate and personalized religion

What separates the nave from the altar in a Byzantine church?

a screen

Seen in almost every temple to Shiva, what is the focus of the east-west axis at the Cave-Temple of Shiva at Elephanta?

a square linga shrine

What motivated the expensive addition of the apse mosaic in Hagia Sophia in the Middle Byzantine period?

an urgency to assert the importance of iconic imagery

what characteristic distinguishes the Orientalizing style of vase painting from the geometric period

animal and figurative motifs

Islamic nonfigural ornament including complex geometric designs and foliate vines are known as

arabesques

Commodus's portrait dressed as Hercules employs the typical Roman Imperial portraiture characteristic of

as idealized, Classical body type

The Forum of Trajan exemplifies the Roman High Imperial use of architecture

as propaganda

Roman imperial painters seemingly dissolve the walls they paint using

atmospheric and intuitive perspective to create the illusion of real space.

A groin vault is created by the intersection of two

barrel vaults

The Sarcophagus with Indian Triumph responds to what change in the Roman High Imperial cultural context?

burial of the dead

A column in the shape of a woman is called a/an

caryatid

The purpose of a Roman triumphal arch is to

celebrate a military victory

The Baths of Caracalla reflect the Late Imperial period persistence of Roman

civic architectural projects

The Roman basilica is dedicated to

civic functions

The outpost at Dura Europos illustrates the

coexistence of religions

A madrasa is a

college for religious and legal studies

identify the parts of an archaic temple elevation

column, entablature, and pediment

Middle Byzantine churches are known for their

complex shapes, vertical emphasis, and decoration inside and out

The chapter compared Raphael's Madonna of the Goldfinch and Renoir's Mme. Charpentier and her children to illustrate how

composition shapes the way the painted figures interact

The Pantheon takes advantage of the Roman architectural developments of

concrete and the dome

Roman villa plans typically include

cubiculae and tablinum organized around a peristyle

Mycenean architecture is known for its

cyclopean masonry, fortified citadels, and megarons

The decorative program at the parekklesion at the Monastery of Christ in Chora addresses

death and salvation

Archaeologists have dated the shipwreck at ulu burun using

dendrochronology of a piece of firewood

Greek city-states are political entities that establish

distinct cultural identifies

The coffers and oculus at the Pantheon are located in the

dome

Imperial Ottoman mosques recall Byzantine church plans thanks to their

domed central plans

The Funerary Complex near Samarkand typifies Timurid architecture in its

double-shelled domes and glazed ceramics

Buddhas and bodhisattvas are distinguished in South Asian art by their

dress

Middle Byzantine artists increasingly gave their religious images greater

emotion

The conventions of Late Byzantine art include

emotion, small heads on large bodies, and forward-projecting perspective

Late Byzantine artists invented an ideal geometry to

evoke the presence of a spiritual realm

The Emperor Caracalla had himself depicted as a fierce ruler because the Late Imperial emperors

faced increased threats to the empire

Cycladic art is best known for its

figurative marble sculptures

What practical concern is related to the composition of pedimental sculpture on Greek temples

figures must conform to the triangular shape

The plan of Roman urban temples reveals that they were built

for visits to the interior cella

A common characteristic in the art of Constantinople under the Palaeologues is

forward-projecting perspective.

Early Islamic art is described as eclectic due to its

geographic span and diverse traditions.

Christians could not use Roman temples as models for their churches due to the Christian practice of

group worship

A cathedral is a church that is

home to the bishop

Unlike a temple, the Great Stupa at Sanchi is intended to

house relics

the bull leaping fresco is typical of new palace period murals for its depiction of

human activity

An Ottoman tugra is a/an

imperial cipher, often combining the royal name and title with a motto.

Apulu of Veii illustrates how Etruscans

incorporated Greek gods into their beliefs

in contrast to Egyptian religious complexes, greek sanctuaries were

integrated with the natural site

How is Married Couple Embracing typical of Etruscan figural art?

its lifelike intimacy

What Islamic structure type is characterized by its vaulted hall, rectangular plan, and monumental arched opening?

iwan plans, able masonry, and thin glass

Inside a mastaba is the

ka statue and chapel

archaic period sculpture is increasingly

lifelike

Formal analysis requires art historians to examine

line, light, form, and color

Santa Costanza's central plan means that it lacks

long nave

The Temple of Vishnu at Deogarh employs a plan based on the

mandala, meaning the layout of the cosmos

The advantage of the red-figure vase painting technique is

more fluid drawing

A common subject for Archaic vase painting is

mythological narratives

Persian Herat School painting is described as

narrative

Archaic vase painters excel at representing

narratives composed to take advantage of the pot's shape

The plan of a Christian basilica includes

nave, aisles, and apse

New Palace period Minoan architecture is characterized by its

openness, light, and complex plans

In art history, composition refers to the

organization of a work of art

Indian painting typically employs

outlined forms

identifh the parts of an archaic temple plan

peristyle, pronaos, and cella

A corbeled arch or vault uses stacked stones

placed progressively closer together

Douris's use of foreshortening creates the illusion of

projection from back to front

The animals on the Lion Gate at Mycenae symbolize

protection and power

The lapinth and centaur metopes

reason over emotion

The Riace Warrior embodies the Greek desire to

seek an ideal based on the human form

A barrel vault is a/an

semicircular arch extended into space

One way in which a Tuscan order column differs from one of the Doric order is that the

shaft is smooth

Most of our knowledge of the Aegean Bronze age comes from

shipwrecks and burials

a serab is a

small sealed room that housed the ka statue

A common stylistic trait of Cycladic figurines is

strict symmetry

The Shape and orientation of the Great Pyramids are related to the

sun

Greek geometric period funerary art focuses on

survivor emotions

What structure provided the model for the architecture of Islamic mosques?

the Prophet Muhammad's home

What symbolic connection is reinforced in Angkor Wat in Cambodia?

the divine lineage of the Khmer kings

Tetrarchic portraiture corresponds to what historical event?

the division of the Roman empire for administrative purposes

The Column of Trajan pictures the common Roman Imperial period theme of

the emperor's achievements

Greek geometric period vase painting avoids

the illusion of three-dimensional space

The lack of fortification at the palace of pylos suggests that

the location was thought to be defensive

How is the Safavid preference for modular architecture visible at the Royal Mosque in Isfahan?

the repetition of arched iwans

In knotted carpet techniques, the knot is tied around

the warp thread.

What was the primary significance of the extensive decorations inside Byzantine churches?

to create an otherworldly realm distinct from outside the church

Perikles rebuilds the temples and sanctuaries on the Acropolis

to thank the gods for military victory

Buddhism and Hinduism arrive in Southeast Asia thanks to

trade

Which aspect of the Santa Costanza's decoration is an example of syncretism?

vines

The relief sculptures on the Arch of Constantine demonstrate how the Late Imperial period appreciated art that

was both abstracted and classicizing

Santa Costanzo's central plan means that is lacks?

A long nave

Found in the Catacomb of SS. Peter and Marcellinus, Jonah and the Whale is an example of

A prefiguration of christ

The Crossing of the Red Sea is a good example of

A storytelling image

Muslims believe the Kaaba to have been built for God by

Abraham

How is Djoser's Stepped Pyramid similar to a Mesopotamian ziggurat?

Accompanied by a temple

How does the Great Mosque at Córdoba reveal the advantage of hypostyle halls?

Adding bays accommodates growing congregations

Scholars believe that Maurya period pillars represent

An axis between heaven and earth, linking the ruler and the buddhist faith

Ark of the Covenant and Menorahs is a good example of

An iconic or symbolic image

What distinguishes art form tools during the stone age

Art includes images while tools do not

The Christ as the Good Shepherd at Dura Europos is an example of syncretism because it is

Based on Roman images of Apollo or Orpheus

The highest-status artist in Islamic society was the

Calligrapher

The art of Predynastic Egypt is principally made of

Ceramics

A Mycenaean megaron consists of a

Chamber proceeded by a columned porch

Middle Byzantine church central domes are commonly decorated with an image of

Christ Pantokrator.

What characterizes Buddhist devotional practice at sites such as the Great Stupa at Sanchi?

Circumambulation

A characteristic feature of Mesopotamian votive figures is their

Clasped hands

Few icons from the Early Byzantine period survive thanks to iconoclasm's

Destruction of religious images

Archaic period temples employ the

Doric and Ionic orders

What characterizes the architecture of Minoan old palace period?

Dressed stone walls and wood columns

What historical event permits the building of Christian churches in Rome?

Edict of Milan

The Indus Valley city of Mohejo-Daro includes a/an

Elevated citadel and grid-plan city

The Khajuraho temples are especially well known for their

Erotic sculptures

Why did some prehistoric sites contain many more tools than the community needed?

Extra tools equals status

The Standing Buddha from the Kushan period's Gandahara style is remarkable for representing one of the first

Figural representations of the Buddha in South Asia art

The Gandhara style combines Indian and Persian styles with forms from

Greek Hellenism

How is Greek art different from Egyptian art?

Greek artistic styles change rapidly

What features distinguish the Buddha from other figures in Buddha and Attendants?

Hand gestures and ushnisha

Mithuna couples depicted on Buddhist structures represent

Harmony and fertility

Which Early Mesopotamian formal convention illustrates political stratification?

Hierarchic scale

Which artistic convention identifies Narmer as a King?

Hierarchic scale

The Gupta period is known for introducing

Hindu temples

How does a mosque's hypostyle hall plan reflect Islamic principles?

How does a mosque's hypostyle hall plan reflect Islamic principles?

Why were early humans able to make and understand art, unlike other species?

Humans can recognize tools

A picture that expresses or embodies an intangible concept or idea

Iconic image

How does portraiture change in Early Roman imperial art?

Idealization based on Greek Classical art is combined with specific likenesses

The churches of Hagia Sophia and San Vitale and the monastery of Saint Catherine demonstrate how Justinian uses religious monuments to embody his

Imperial power

What distinguishes a codex from a scroll?

Individual codex pages are bound together.

What technology distinguishes Indus architecture from other contemporary civilizations' buildings?

Indus architecture uses fired brick.

Lacking figural imagery, Islamic mosques are most commonly decorated with

Inscriptions, geometric designs, and arabesques

What effect does the Muslim practice of congregational worship at a mosque have on architecture?

Islamic mosques have to accommodate large numbers of worshippers.

How does the mirador in the Palace of the Lions at the Alhambra in Granada support the ruler's political position?

It allows him to view his territories.

How does the portrait of Constantine illustrate continuity and change in Roman art during the Late Empire?

It combines Classical and abstract features.

How is the plan of Hagia Sophia unlike Early Christian churches in Rome?

It combines a longitudinal and central plan

How does the Ara Pacis embody the political context of the Roman Early Imperial period?

It commemorates the emperor's achievements

In what way is the Ardabil Carpet typical of Islamic mosque decoration?

It employs floral and geometric patterns.

How does the Dome of the Rock embody the diversity of Islamic art?

It employs the Early Christian and Byzantine central plan

How does the cargo found at Ulu Burun testify to the Ancient Aegean trade?

It includes items from the near east, Egypt, and elsewhere in Africa

In what way does the portrait sculpture of Aulus Metellus illustrate the political context of the Republican period?

It is a portrait of a senator from the ruling oligarchy

How does the Great Mosque at Damascus reflect the Umayadd's admiration for Roman civilization?

It is built on Roman foundations and reuses Roman columns.

As a Hindu temple, why is the central tower at Loro Jonggrang so tall?

It symbolizes a mountain

What accounts for the significant number of Christian structures in Ravenna?

It was the Roman imperial capital in the west in the fifth century

Which aspect of Greek geography has the most profound impact on Greek culture?

It's seaside location, for trade with other cultures

Although clearly influenced by Borobodur, what distinguishes the Southeast Asian site of Loro Jonggrang in Prambanan?

Its dedicated to the Hindu gods

Etruscan tombs are known for their representations of

Leisure and festivities

Which part of a Hindu temple permitted circumambulation?

Mandapas

The image known as the Deësis features Christ with

Mary and St. John the Baptist

Egyptian pyramids developed from the early dynastic period

Mastaba

The Dvaravati style Buddha from Thailand displays features characteristic of the South Asian

Mathura style