Psychology 201 - Chapter 14

_____ believe that we are not likely to act aggressively unless we believe that aggression is appropriate under the circumstances and likely to be reinforced

social-cognitive theorists

In Stanley Milgram's study, whenever some of the "teachers" would hesitate, his research assistants would say one of the following except for

you cannot stop, the experiment must continue

In collectivist cultures that value interdependence, such as Asian cultures, people are more likely to attribute another person's behavior to that person's

social roles and obligations

Keisha takes care to look smart and attractive for her job interview. She knows that her interviewers will evaluate her based on the first impression she creates. In this scenario, the impression created by Keisha is an example of the

primacy effect

What are the names of the two terms your text discusses with regard to why we typically develop romantic relationships with people who are similar to us?

propinquity and reciprocity

The strong tendency to view one's successes as stemming from internal factors and one's failures as stemming from external factors is called the

self-serving bias

In the current political climate, there has been an increase in ethnic prejudice. Because you study psychology, your friend approaches you with his ideas to combat it. Which of the following ideas would be ineffective?

spend time with people who share your attitudes

_____ is an unselfish concern for the welfare of other

altruism

On a(n) _____ level, prejudice is linked to expectations that members of the target group will behave poorly, say, in the workplace, or engage in criminal behavior or terrorism

cognitive

Which of the following statements is true of changing attitudes through persuasion?

agreement and praise are more effective ways to encourage others to embrace one's views

When Brenda takes the elevator she always faces the front. She does this even when there are no written rules or laws that require this behavior. This is an example of

an implicit social norm

The tendency to avoid helping other people in emergencies when other people are also present and apparently capable of helping is known as the

bystander effect

Which of the following statements is true of aggression?

electrical stimulation of part of the hypothalamus triggers stereotypical aggressive behaviors in many lower animals

When Shaina is about to begin her speech in class, she notices that a few of her classmates are whispering among themselves. She becomes nervous that she might be boring to her audience and gets distracted. In this scenario, the presence of the classmates is not likely to facilitate her performance due to

evaluation apprehension

Which of the following statements is true of groupthink?

external threat heightens the cohesiveness of the group and is a source of stress

_____ is a type of persuasive communication that influences behavior on the basis of arousing anxiety and concern instead of rational analysis of the issues

fear appeal

_____ involves championing the interests of the loved one, even if it entails sacrificing one's own

intimacy

In the context of group decision-making, which of the following is true of the majority wins schema?

it is the most commonly used social decision scheme

According to the social-cognitive perspective, aggressive skills are mainly acquired by

observation of other people acting aggressively

Asch's study using line judgements was able to demonstrate

the effects of social conformity