Psychology 201 - Chapter 14
_____ believe that we are not likely to act aggressively unless we believe that aggression is appropriate under the circumstances and likely to be reinforced
social-cognitive theorists
In Stanley Milgram's study, whenever some of the "teachers" would hesitate, his research assistants would say one of the following except for
you cannot stop, the experiment must continue
In collectivist cultures that value interdependence, such as Asian cultures, people are more likely to attribute another person's behavior to that person's
social roles and obligations
Keisha takes care to look smart and attractive for her job interview. She knows that her interviewers will evaluate her based on the first impression she creates. In this scenario, the impression created by Keisha is an example of the
primacy effect
What are the names of the two terms your text discusses with regard to why we typically develop romantic relationships with people who are similar to us?
propinquity and reciprocity
The strong tendency to view one's successes as stemming from internal factors and one's failures as stemming from external factors is called the
self-serving bias
In the current political climate, there has been an increase in ethnic prejudice. Because you study psychology, your friend approaches you with his ideas to combat it. Which of the following ideas would be ineffective?
spend time with people who share your attitudes
_____ is an unselfish concern for the welfare of other
altruism
On a(n) _____ level, prejudice is linked to expectations that members of the target group will behave poorly, say, in the workplace, or engage in criminal behavior or terrorism
cognitive
Which of the following statements is true of changing attitudes through persuasion?
agreement and praise are more effective ways to encourage others to embrace one's views
When Brenda takes the elevator she always faces the front. She does this even when there are no written rules or laws that require this behavior. This is an example of
an implicit social norm
The tendency to avoid helping other people in emergencies when other people are also present and apparently capable of helping is known as the
bystander effect
Which of the following statements is true of aggression?
electrical stimulation of part of the hypothalamus triggers stereotypical aggressive behaviors in many lower animals
When Shaina is about to begin her speech in class, she notices that a few of her classmates are whispering among themselves. She becomes nervous that she might be boring to her audience and gets distracted. In this scenario, the presence of the classmates is not likely to facilitate her performance due to
evaluation apprehension
Which of the following statements is true of groupthink?
external threat heightens the cohesiveness of the group and is a source of stress
_____ is a type of persuasive communication that influences behavior on the basis of arousing anxiety and concern instead of rational analysis of the issues
fear appeal
_____ involves championing the interests of the loved one, even if it entails sacrificing one's own
intimacy
In the context of group decision-making, which of the following is true of the majority wins schema?
it is the most commonly used social decision scheme
According to the social-cognitive perspective, aggressive skills are mainly acquired by
observation of other people acting aggressively
Asch's study using line judgements was able to demonstrate
the effects of social conformity