Psychology 215 Ch. 4 & 5

What characteristic is MOST common to both self-hypnosis and dissociative identity disorder?

the ability to escape threatening events

what is an example of metaworry

worrying about worrying

A person who believes that it is awful and catastrophic when things are not the way he or she would like them to be is displaying a:

basic irrational dysfunction

What type of drug is alprazolam (Xanax)?

benzodiazapine

A person with obsessive-compulsive disorder is seeing a psychologist and instructed to touch doorknobs and light switches, but then NOT to wash their hands. What is the name of this therapy procedure?

exposure and response prevention

If the idea of "biological preparedness" is accurate, then:

some phobias (spiders) should be acquired more easily than others (fear of smart phones)

Someone you know who has body dysmorphic disorder is considering plastic surgery. Based on available research, what is your BEST advice?

"Be careful. Often, people who have plastic surgery for body dysphoric disorder actually feel worse afterwards."

According to the textbook, what proportion of women are the victims of rape at some point during their lifetime?

1/6

Which of the following is true about specific phobias?

About 10% of people experience specific phobias

Jonathon's home and office are both a mess; old newspapers, paper and plastic bags, and work documents from the past 15 years are everywhere; overflowing bookshelves line the walls and there is nowhere to sit. There are even boxes of things occupying major space on the floor. If Johnathon is experiencing a diagnosable disorder, it would MOST likely be in what category?

Hoarding disorder

Based on current research, what is the BEST conclusion about the cause of acute and posttraumatic stress disorders? Is nature or nurture more responsible for these disorders?

It's probably an interaction. Both nature and nurture are important.

A person who experiences unpredictable panic attacks that cause major distress and dysfunctional behavior is MOST likely experiencing:

Panic disorder

Based on current research, what is the relationship between personality and stress disorders?

Personality characteristics are related to both the development of stress disorders and recovery from them.

Which of the following accurately describes the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal pathway of the stress response?

The hypothalamus stimulates the pituitary to produce a stress hormone that causes the adrenal gland to release corticosteroids.

What do acute and posttraumatic stress disorder have in common with dissociative disorders?

They are triggered by traumatic events.

In terms of their DSM diagnostic categorization, which of the following pairs belong together?

acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder

The gland that produces a hormone that is involved in the reaction to fearful and stressful situations is the:

adrenal

A woman you know constantly avoids crowded streets and buildings, and is very reluctant to leave home, even with a friend. In fact, she hasn't left the house in 7 months. Furthermore, she has for years experienced numerous panic attacks that come out of the blue and are unexpected. Most likely, this woman would be diagnosed with:

agoraphobia

The phobia most often associated with panic disorder is:

agoraphobia

The first step in treating people with dissociative identity disorder is to:

bond with the primary personality.

The group of hormones that appears to be most involved in arousal and fear reaction are the

corticosteroids

The part of the body that releases hormones into the bloodstream is the ______ system.

endocrine system

Those who are MOST likely to experience a psychological stress disorder are:

female, or low-income individuals.

A person experiencing multiple personalities would MOST accurately be diagnosed with dissociative:

identity disorder

Behaviorists believe that compulsive behavior

is reinforced because engaging in it reduces anxiety.

"Your worries? They're only thoughts. Don't try to stop them, but recognize that they're thoughts, and don't let them upset you so much." This quote most likely would come from someone using which form of therapy for generalized anxiety disorder?

mindfulness-based cognitive therapy

The cognitive explanation for panic disorders is that people who have them:

misinterpret bodily sensations

When all of the subpersonalities in a person with dissociative identity disorder are aware of one another, it is termed a:

mutually cognizant pattern.

Investigators have shown that traumatic events are related to abnormal activity of the neurotransmitter:

norepinephrine

Panic disorder appears to be related to abnormal activity of which neurotransmitter?

norepinephrine

You notice someone who is sweating, experiencing shortness of breath, choking, feeling dizzy, and is afraid of dying. If what is happening is not a heart attack but an indicator of acute psychological distress, the person is MOST likely experiencing a:

panic attack

Imagine that you just had a "close call" while driving, but now you feel your body returning to normal. Which part of your nervous system is controlling this return back to baseline?

parasympathetic nervous system

The people MOST likely to develop stress disorders lived their childhood in:

poverty, and had parents who divorced when they were younger than 10 years old.

Depersonalization ______, while derealization ______.

refers to oneself; refers to the external world

Steve is afraid of eating in public, expecting to be judged negatively and to feel humiliated. As a result, he always makes up excuses when asked out to eat. His diagnosis would MOST likely be:

social anxiety disorder

An intense, persistent, and irrational fear of an object or situation (e.g., airplane, heights, bears) that is accompanied by a compelling desire to avoid the object of the fear, to the point of interfering with the life of the person is called:

specific phobia

In response to a threat, we perspire, breathe more quickly, get goose bumps, and feel nauseated. These responses are controlled by the:

sympathetic nervous system

People who experience obsessions experience:

thoughts that are intrusive and foreign to them.

If you really wanted to impress your friends, you would refer to "hair-pulling disorder" by the scientific name:

trichotilloamania