Psychology 301 Final Test (ch 9-11) Ole Miss

What is a major function of ceremonies such as funerals and memorial services?

they provide the surviving individuals with a sense of closure

Fewer than half of midlife adults exercise and only about __________ exercise frequently and strenuously enough to achieve health benefits.

20 percent

Hearing loss is experienced by 30% of people age __________ and older with almost half of people over __________ having some hearing loss.

55; 75

__________ emphasized focusing on the patient rather than the disease and introduced the notion of "total pain."

Dame Cicely Saunders

__________ described five stage of loss experienced by someone facing the news of their impending death that provide a framework for understanding the psychological experience of an impending death.

Kubler-ross

__________ broke down grief into four stages: shock, yearning, despair, and recovery.

Parkes

true or false - The laws that govern physician-assisted suicide vary between states, but a person will always be convicted of a felony if they proceed with this type of death.

false

__________ involves learning how to carry on and incorporate this aspect of the life span into daily existence.

acceptance

While Gary is at the ATM during lunchtime rush, he fumbles while trying to insert his credit card and takes a long time reading the prompts to withdraw money and terminate his transaction. He overhears someone behind him mutter, "Hurry up, grandpa! Some of us have work to do." The words are an example of __________.

ageism

Essie is an 86-year old woman who tries to function independently but has suffered for several years with forgetfulness, especially with recent memories. She has trouble finding her car in the parking lot after grocery shopping. The store managers have called her children to come and help. She has been known to forget her way home at times. Her children worry that she may have a form of dementia called __________.

alzheimers disease

__________ is the most common form of dementia and is incurable, but there are also nonorganic causes of dementia which can be prevented.

alzheimers disease

__________ describes the experience of men during the climacteric.

andropause

__________ occurs when a death is expected and survivors have time to prepare to some extent before the loss.

anticipatory grief

Bonnie is a 65-year-old woman who has difficulty managing simple, everyday tasks because of painful swelling of the joints in her hands. Bonnie has most likely been diagnosed with __________.

arthritis

Generativity vs stagnation for Erikson is a movement away from individual self-development towards "__________."

belief in the species

Someone is __________ when there is no longer brain activity, referred to as clinically dead.

brain dead

__________ are people aged 100 or older and are both rare and distinct from the rest of the older population.

centenarians

Rates of marital happiness are highest in the years prior to the birth of the first child, low point with the coming of children, and begin to improve when __________.

children leave home

A large generational divide involves the use of technology. A 70 year old is less likely to use technology than a 20 year old. Research shows that some of this difference may be explained by a decline in attention and memory that occurs as we age. What kind of age related change would describe this limitation?

cognitive

two categories of intelligence that show different rates of change across the life span. __________ refers to information processing abilities, such as logical reasoning, remembering lists, spatial ability, and reaction time. __________ encompasses abilities that draw upon experience and knowledge.

fluid intelligence; crystallized intelligence

__________ is the umbrella category used to describe the general long-term and often gradual decrease in the ability to think and remember that affects a person's daily functioning.

dementia

__________ is often the first reaction to overwhelming, unimaginable news and protects us by allowing the new to enter slowly.

denail

__________ refers to helping a person fulfill their wish to die and can happen through voluntary euthanasia or physician-assisted suicide.

euthanasia

The __________ suggests that negative events tend to lose their emotional intensity at a faster rate than pleasant events .

fading affect bias

true or false - Contrary to what many may think, lifestyle really does not have much of a lasting impact on the health status of midlife adults.

false

true or false - In midlife, people spend lots of time thinking of their lives in terms of how long they have lived. They are not concerned with how many years are left, and there is no urgency to start to make changes now.

false

true or false - It has been said that grief lasts about two years or less but intense grief is throughout life.

false

true or false - Men are more likely to be widowed, reflecting their longer life expectancy, with the death of a spouse being one of life's most disruptive experiences.

false

true or false - Older adults rely more on mental rehearsal strategies to store and retrieve information. Younger adults rely more on external cues such a s familiarity and context to recall information.

false

true or false - Remarriage is more popular with women than men, a gender gap that increases in the middle and later adulthood.

false

The __________ theory of aging states that organisms age because cells accumulate free radical damage over time.

free radical

Lorraine is 70 years old and complains that she cannot read or drive as well as she once could because her vision and especially her peripheral vision has decreased. After an eye exam, the doctor tells her that the fluid in her eyes cannot be drained properly causing too much pressure in the fluid in her eyes. What condition does Lorraine have?

glaucoma

The __________ limit refers to the limited number of times cells divide and then stop (human cells can divide about 50 times before stopping).

hayflick

According to research by the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention, chronic disease is especially a concern in the elderly population in America. It is estimated that at least 80% of older Americans are currently living with some form of a chronic condition, with 50% of this population having two or more chronic conditions. __________ is the leading cause of death from chronic disease for adults older than 65.

heart disease

What is a key aspect of the work that palliative care doctors do?

help dying individuals and their families understand what is happening and what it may imply.

Once commonly used to treat menopausal symptoms, __________ therapy has been associated with breast cancer, stroke, and the development of blood clots, and is therefore not utilized as a form of treatment as much now.

hormone replacement

__________ involves palliation without curative intent and is typically used by people without further options or who have decided not to pursue further options.

hospice care

Funeral rites are expressions of loss reflecting personal and cultural beliefs.

mourning, depression, bereavement, anger

Erik Erikson referred to the psychosocial task in late adulthood as __________ vs __________ where the goal is to look back over life with satisfaction.

integrity; despair

David is retiring from the company after thirty years. His boss, Sandra, is worried that the person she is training to replace him may not be able to. She has shown him all the systems, and introduced him to customers and clients. The new person is proficient in all of those systems (more so probably than David), and he is extremely personable. "Why am I so worried?" wonders Sandra. The answer has something to do with tacit knowledge, which is __________.

knowledge which cannot be codified, transferred in a written form, or even properly verbalized, and, therefore, difficult to transfer.

A primary motivation in continuing to work has been identified as a desire to pass on skills and experience, a process researchers have described as __________ or mentoring.

leader generativity

Which statement is true of life expectancies in the United States?

life expectancies in the united states are higher for women than men

Many cause of death are linked at least in part to __________. Many are preventable, to some extent, and some are avoidable if the proper actions are taken.

lifestyle choices

In marriages destined to fail, partners engage in the "__________"such as contempt, criticism, defensiveness, and stonewalling.

marriage killers

__________ refers to a period of transition in which a woman's ovaries stop releasing eggs and the level of estrogen and progesterone production decreases.

menopause

Stereotypes about people in late adulthood lead many to assume that aging automatically brings __________.

mental decline

We are considered to be in late adulthood by the time we reach out __________ until __________.

mid-sixties; death

Grandparenting typically begins in __________ rather than late adulthood, but longer lifespans mean being grandparents for longer.

midlife

__________ means that time is a valuable commodity requiring careful consideration and investment.

mortality salience

__________ is an interdisciplinary approach to specialized medical and nursing care for people with life-limiting illnesses.

palliative care

__________ occurs when a physician prescribes the means by which a person can end his or her own life.

physician-assisted suicide

__________ reflects the belief that most of us have our character set like plaster by the age of 30. However, more recent research shows that while some people maintain stable personalities over time, others do not.

plaster hypothesis

Ann Mae is 72 years old. She recently became a volunteer for Habitat for Humanity when a project was introduced to her group of friends at the Senior Community Center where she was already involved in tutoring school children in reading and math. This is just an example of how people in late adulthood continue to be __________ in many wasys.

productive

The following are strategies included in healthy grieving EXCEPT:

put the impending death out of mind and focus on only positive things

In addition to middle-aged parents spending more time, money, and energy taking care of their adult children, they are also increasingly taking care of their own aging and ailing parents which is referred to as the __________.

sandwich generation

Exercise encourages new nerve growth slowing the progression of __________, the loss of muscle tissue and function as we age.

sarcopenia

The __________ of adult cognition began in 1956 and has found that cognitive abilities decrease beginning in the sixth decade and gain increasing significance from that point forward.

seattle longitudinal study

__________, biological aging, is the gradual deterioration of functional characteristics.

senescence

Harvey, who is suffering from poor health in a nursing home, is told by the doctor that he will probably not live another six months. Harvey tries to remain positive, but visits from his family and friends become more infrequent and the doctors and nurses seem to avoid him. Which aspect of death is characterized by this behavior?

social

What is the difference between social death and psychological death?

social death occurs when individuals withdraw from the dying individual, while psychological death occurs when the individual withdraws from others.

The following theory __________, maintains that as time horizons shrink, people become increasingly selective, investing greater resources in emotionally meaningful goals and activities.

socio-emotions selectivity theory (SST)

According to Levinson, the __________ view argues that each stage overlaps and consists of a stable phase and a transitional phase into the following period.

stage-crisis

__________ is the feeling of lethargy and a lack of enthusiasm and involvement in both individual and communal affaris.

stagnation

Because men in late adulthood are more likely to suffer from emotional isolation, they are typically at a higher risk for __________.

suicide

What does physiological death refer to?

the ceasing of vital organs to function

What are personal control beliefs?

the idea that the individual can dictate outcomes in a specific situation

There is now increasing evidence about the harmful effects of chronic inflammation in general. It is implicated in a whole series of degenerative illnesses. What diet is recommended in helping to avoid this?

the mediterranean diet

What is a major goal of hospice care?

to hep dying patients be as free from pain as possible

true or false - Activity theory states that the more active older adults are the more stable and positive their self-concept will be, which will then lead to greater life satisfaction and higher morale.

true

true or false - Having a single confidante is more important to happiness than having a large social network.

true

true or false - In middle adulthood, the "middle-aged spread" is the weight gain or accumulation of fat in the abdomen that is often one of the common complaints of midlife adults

true

true or false - Not all racial and ethnic groups feel the same way about hospice.

true

The major causes of death vary significantly among age groups with __________ being a leading cause of death for the widest variety of ages.

unintentional injuries

As we age, __________ loses some capacity making it difficult to concentrate on more than one thing at a time or remembering details.

working memory

Demographers use which terminology to describe people between the ages of 65 and 74 years?

young and old