Psychology

which of the following is most useful for helping survey researchers avoid false generalizations

random sampling

flashbulb memory

clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event

to discover the extent to which economic status can be used to predict political preferences, researchers are most likely to use

correlational measures

parkinson's disease is associated with shortage of

dopamine

norepinephrine

helps control alertness and arousal (undersupply = depressed mood)

the chemical messengers released into the spatial junctions between neurons are called

neurotransmitters

storage

process of retaining encoded info over time

hippocampus

processes explicit memories for storage

somatosensory cortex

registers and processes body touch and movement sensations

medulla

the base of the brainstem; controls heartbeat and breathing

glutamate

a major excitatory neurotransmitter; involved in memory (oversupply = overstimulated brain, producing migraines or seizures)

the case study is a research method in which

a single indiv. is studies in depth

serotonin

affects mood, huner, sleep, and arousal (undersupply = depression)

endorphins

explains "runner's high" or the painkilling effects of acupuncture, the indifference to pain in some severely injured people

cerebral cortex

intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells covering the cerebral hemispheres; body's ultimate control and info-processing center

amygdala

linked to emotion; 2 lima bean structures

pituitary glands

under the influence of the hypothalamus, regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands

dopamine

influences movement, learning, attention, and emotion (under supply = parkinson's disease, oversupply = schizophrenia)

the localization of a function such as speech production to the right or the left side of the brain is called

lateralization

the function of dendrites is to

receive incoming signals from other neurons

parietal lobes

receives sensory input for touch and body position

reflex

simple, automatic response to a sensory stimulus, such as the knee-jerk response

psychology

study of mental/behavioral process

encoding

processing of info into the memory system

jose has just played a long, bruising football game but feels little fatigue or discomfort. his lack of pain is most likely caused by the release of

endorphins

which technique involves repeating the essence of an earlier research study w diff participants and in diff cirumstance

replication

a hypothesis is a(n)

testable prediction that gives direction to research

occipital lobes

includes areas that receive info from the visual fields

acetylcholine

enables muscle action, learning, and memory (alzheimer's disease)

pons

helps coordinate movement and control sleep

frontal lobes

involved in speaking and muscle movements and in making plans and judgments

which of the following is the component of the limbic system that plays an essential role in the processing of new memories a. hypothalamus b. thalamus c. hippocampus d. medulla

C HIPPOCAMPUS

motor cortex

area at the rear of frontal lobes that controls voluntary movements

association areas

areas of the cerebral cortex that are not involved in primary motor or sensory functions; involved in higher mental functions such as learning, remembering, thinking, speaking

which of the following body parts is associated with the greatest amount of brain tissue in the motor cortex? a. arms. b. face c. trunk d. knees

b. face

proactive interference

forward-acting disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new info

the corpus callosum is a wide band of axon fibers that

transmits info between the cerebral hemispheres

drugs to treat alzheimer's disease slow the breakdown of

actylcholine

retroactive interference

backward-acting disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old info

thalamus

brain's sensory control center, located on top of the brainstem; directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla

Addictive disorders are likely to be associated with reward centers in the a. thalamus b. cerebellum c. reticular formation d. limbic system

d limbic system

in a psychological experiment, the factor that may be influenced by the manipulated experimental treatment is called the _______ variable

dependent

sensory memory

immediate, very brief recording of sensory info in the memory system

corpus callosum

large band of fibers connecting the 2 brain hemispheres and carrying messages between them

GABA

major inhibitory neurotransmitter (oversupply = seizures, tremors, insomnia) f

brain stem

oldest part and central core of the brain, beginning where the spinal cord swells as it enters the skull; responsible for automatic survival functions

adrenal glands

pair of endocrine glands that sit above the kidneys and secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine that helps arouse the body in times of STRESS

reconsolidation

process in which previously stored memories, when retrieved, are potentially altered before being stored again.

retrieval

process of getting info out of memory storage

cerebellum

processes sensory input, coordinating movement output and balance, and enabling nonverbal learning and memory

when an eyewitness to an auto accident is asked to desribe what happened, whcih test of memory is being used

recall

the magical nymber seven, plys or minus two, refers to the storage capacity of ________ memory

short-term

repression

the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories

sympathetic nervous system

the division of the automatic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy

parasympathetic nervous system

the division of the automatic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its energy

long-term memory

the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system; includes knowledge, skills, and experience

hypothalamus

directs several maintenance activities (eating, drinking, body temp); emotion and reward (remember: rats kept wanting reward to hypothalamus)

temporal lobes

each receiving info primarily from opposite side; includes auditory areas

statistical significant

a statistical statement of how likely it is that an obtained result occurred by chance

short-term memory

activated memory that holds a few items briefly, before the info is stored or forgotten

reticular formation

nerve network that travels through the brainstem into the thalamus and plays an important role in controlling arousal

limbic system

neural system (hippocampus, amygdala, hypothalamus); associated with emotions and drives

to decide whether observe diff between samples reflect actual diff between pop, you should determine the _____ of the observed diff

statistical significance