psychology ch 2-3

What evidence is there that the left hemisphere of the brain is the primary language processing area?

Broca's and Wernicke's areas are usually on the left.

The brain and the spinal cord make up which of these parts of the nervous system?

CNS

Acetylcholine is excitatory at the heart but inhibitory at synapses between nerves and muscles that involve voluntary movement.

F

Neurons carry messages from the axon terminals through the axon to the dendrites.

F

The somatic nervous system controls activities such as heartbeat, respiration, digestion, and dilation of the pupils.

F

Whenever we receive really painful cuts or bruises, neurons located in that area of our body transmit very large and intense impulses.

F

Compared to the rest of our bodies, which of the following is a feature of gray matter?

It consists of non-myelinated neurons.

In the context of the brain's language functions, identify the correct statement.

People with Wernicke's aphasia usually speak freely and with proper syntax.

Active touching means continuously moving your hand along the surface of an object so that you continue to receive sensory input from the object.

T

Direct artificial stimulation of the parietal lobe produces a sense of being touched somewhere on your body.

T

Researchers historically agreed on four primary taste qualities: sweet, sour, salty, and bitter.

T

Subliminal simulation may have the ability to influence people's behaviors

T

The left hemisphere of the brain is relatively more involved in tasks that require logic and problem solving than the right hemisphere.

T

In the context of auditory perception, which of the following statements is true?

The frequency theory appears to account only for pitch perception between 20 and a few hundred cycles per second.

Which gland is responsible for the production of epinephrine?

adrenal

The part of a neuron that extends like a trunk from the cell body is called a ________.

axon

When your instructor turns off the light in the classroom in order to make the PowerPoint slides easier to see, it may look like the projector suddenly got more powerful. You know that the appearance hasn't actually changed due to which concept?

brightness constancy

In the fovea, a central region of the retina, we have a dense concentration of which kinds of visual cells?

cones

The tendency to perceive a series of points (or lines) as having unit is the crus of which of the Gestalt principles of perception?

continuity

Which of the following is a binocular depth cue?

convergence

Which chemical messenger intensifies most emotions and is central to the experience of fear and anxiety?

epinephrine

The perception of objects or events through means other than the recognized sensory organs is termed ________.

extrasensory perception

The surface of the cerebrum—the cerebral cortex—is wrinkled, or convoluted, with ridges and valleys. These valleys are known as ________.

fissures

Alicia was recently in a car accident. Since then, she cannot retain memories of events that occurred after the accident. However, she can recall events that took place before the accident. She recognizes her family and friends and important dates, such as her birthday and her marriage anniversary, but has to be constantly reintroduced to the new people in her life. Alicia has most likely sustained damage to her ________.

hippocampus

Among lower animals, stimulation of various areas of which brain structure can trigger instinctual behaviors such as fighting, mating, or nest building?

hypothalamus

Whenever we hear a loud, unexpected sound, we often have a startle response. The pattern of behavior that is triggered in this specific situation is called a (an)

instinct

As you walk into a brightly lit room, the black structure in the center of your eye seems to shrink to a tiny black dot. This response is caused by the action of the eye structure called the ________.

iris

Which of the following areas of the body is the most sensitive to touch?

lips

The amplitude of a sound wave determines the ________.

loudness

Damage to which brain stem structure may cause the heart and lungs to stop working?

medulla

Messages from the brain or spinal cord are transmitted to muscles or glands through ________.

motor neurons

What is sent by a neuron to relay its message to another neuron?

neurotransmitters

Which structure serves as a sort of telephone wire from the eyes to the brain?

optic nerve

When you look at a pair of train tracks and see them appear to converge as they move into the distance, you're experiencing ________.

perspective

Which gland is sometimes called the "master gland" or "gland champion" because it controls other glands?

pituitary

Which hue has the longest wavelength?

red

According to the trichromatic theory of color vision, what are the three types of color photoreceptors we have?

red, blue, and green

Chloe has been having a lot of difficulty paying attention at work and sleeping at night. Which of the following structures might be the cause of these issues?

reticular formation

In which part of the eye are photoreceptors found?

retina

This binocular depth cue us based on the fact that when you look at an object, a slightly different picture of that object is displayed on each retina due to the different angles each eye is seeing it from.

retinal disparity

As part of a study in auditory perception, students were made to listen to a low-volume music track. When they first put on their headphones, they almost couldn't hear anything. But as they became more attentive, the sound gradually became clearer. This is an example of

sensitization

Chika has lost the sensation of touch in her skin. Which part of her brain is most likely malfunctioning?

somatosensory cortex

The auditory cortex, which is responsible for processing information for the sense of hearing, is located in which lobe of the brain?

temporal

Which of the following theories proposed that there are three types of color receptors, but they are not sensitive only to red, green, and blue?

the opponent-process theory

Which theory of color vision better explains afterimages?

the opponent-process theory

The tendency to perceive an image with missing visual components as being complete or whole refers to ________.

the principle of closure

A person with normal color vision is labeled a ________.

trichromat