Psychology Chapter 1 quiz

A focus on the different marriage rituals practiced by members of different ethnic groups is of most relevance to the _______ perspective. A. social-cultural B. psychodynamic C. evolutionary D. cognitive

A

A homeowner is fascinated by an eccentric neighbor who is well known for having taken in numerous stray animals and is also interested in studying how to get more people to adopt pets from the animal shelter. Which approach is BEST for studying this type of altruistic behavior? A. conducting a case study by intensively interviewing the neighbor over the course of a year, but by remembering that anything learned about her altruistic behaviors might not be relevant to the rest of the population. . B. conducting an experiment using the neighbor as the sole participant and subjecting her to PET and MRI scans to determine if there is a biological component to her altruism. C. there is no point to conducting an experiment because altruism cannot be measured or observed. D. conducting a correlational study using the neighbor as the sole participant and administering several questionnaires on altruistic behavior.

A

A mother called her daughter to tell her that, in a single day, five different men she met on an over-50 Internet dating forum invited her out on dates. She can't believe it! Which statement can be used to explain the mother's great news? A. "with a large enough sample, any outrageous thing is likely to happen." B. "Even sweet people can sell themselves through manipulation." C. "birds of a feather flock together." D. "The superego can overcome any obstacle placed in the way by the ego."

A

A sample of the population that gives each person an equal chance of participating is called a(n) ____________ sample. A. random B. atypical C. biased D. optimal

A

After physicians are given case information and an autopsy report, they are very likely to presume that they could have determined the cause of death with the case information alone. The tendency to believe that one would have foreseen something, after learning of an outcome, is called: A. hindsight bias B. operational thinking C. intuitive management D. overconfidence

A

Before Hallie begins to read her psychology textbook, she scans the chapter headings and thinks about what she might know or not know about the topics. She even tries to answer the quizzes at the end of the sections. Based on the SQ3R method, which study technique is she using? A. question B. review C. read D. quix

A

Bryn reviews her notes for psychology class several times a week. She also reads the chapters each week before class. Each weekend, she looks over the notes from the previous week. What study technique is she using? A. spaced practice B. overlearning C. critical thinking D. massed practice

A

Dr. Prima has been hired to assess job satisfaction and worker productivity. Dr. Prima is most likely a(n) ______________ psychologist. A. industrial-organizational B. cognitive C. social D. clinical

A

In an experiment, it is important that independent and dependent variables are given _______, which specify procedures for manipulating the independent variable and measuring the dependent variable. A. precise operational definitions B. random samplings C. meaningful acronyms D. valid names

A

In drug-treatment studies, researchers often use double-blind procedures to minimize the chance that ______ are responsible for differences between experimental and controlled conditions. A. placebo effects B. operational definitions C. replications D. random samplings

A

In order to control experimenter bias as well as extraneous variables, such as severity of condition, attitudes, and age, researchers assign subjects to groups by: A. random assignment B. operational definitions C. naturalistic observation D. replication

A

One of the requirements in a particular introductory psychology course is for each student and a partner to design and conduct a research study. One pair of students has decided to use a survey method. What should they keep in mind as they design their study? A. the order or wording of questions is critically important, as is choosing a random sample. B. the order of wording of questions and random sampling are not important, as long as the sample is big enough. C. as long as they choose the wording carefully, a random sample is not important. D. as long as they have a random sample, the wording of the questions does not matter.

A

Positive psychologists support more research on: A. creativity B. prejudice C. depression D. anxiety

A

Robyn studies for one hour several times a week for her psychology class. Peter refers to wait until right before the exam and then studies all day. Who will MOST likely get a better grade? A. Robyn will get the better grade B. Peter will get the better grade C. Both will do equally well D. Neither of these plans will work well

A

The field of psychology is a collection of diverse subfields. Psychologists who conduct _______ research contribute by expanding the knowledge base of psychology, whereas others who conduct _______ research explore practical problems. A . basic; applied B. counseling; clinical C. neuroscience; evolutionary D. behavior genetics; behavioral

A

The levels of analysis most often used to understand complex human behavior do NOT include a __________ approach. A. canonical B. biological C. psychological D. social-cultural

A

The levels of analysis most often used to understand complex human behavior do NOT include a __________ approach. A. canonical B. biological C. social-cultural D. psychological

A

The main purpose of a laboratory experiment is to: A. test the theoretical principles B. focus on specific behaviors C. re-create the exact natural environment D. focus on specific findings

A

The principle that our mind processes information at the same time on separate conscious and unconscious tracks is known as: A. dual processing B. hindsight bias C. intuition D. overconfidence

A

What theory about the mind does the case of D.F., who was able to grasp items accurately despite not being able to recognize items by sight, illustrate? A. dual processing B. natural selection C. intuition D. hindsight bias

A

Which beneficial treatment is NOT a result of animal research mentioned in the text? A. vaccines to prevent cervical cancer B. transplants to replace defective organs C. insulin for diabetes D. vaccines to prevent polio and rabies

A

Which technique would NOT help you remember information? A. studying all night before the exam B. relating the information to your own personal story C. quizzing yourself on your knowledge D. critically reviewing the information in the textbook and forming questions

A

With which perspective is B. F. Skinner's approach of rejecting the idea of inner thoughts and feelings MOST in line? A. behavioral B. neuroscience C. psychodynamic D. cognitive

A

_____________ illustrates why people should NOT rely on their intuition and common sense when trying to explain why people act, think, and feel the way they do. A. critical thinking B. individual difference C. dual processing D. traumatic experience

A

A focus on the extent to which behaviors and personality spring from drives and conflicts outside one's own awareness is MOST relevant to the __________ perspective. A. behavioral B. psychodynamic C. social-cultural D. neuroscience

B

A researcher is studying different approaches to dieting in order to determine which is the most effective for weight loss. the different approaches to dieting examined is the: A. controlled condition B. independent variable C. dependent variable D. placebo

B

B.F. Skinner defines psychology as "the scientific study of ________" A. mental events B. observable behavior C. cognition D. mental life

B

Dr. Jacobiac prescribes exercise for his patients with depression because it has been shown that people who exercise have lower than average incidences of depression. Dr. Jacobiac is relying on findings from correlational studies and is on shaky ground because he does not know if there is a: A. positive correlation between exercise and depression. B. cause-effect relationship between exercise and depression. C. statistical association between the number of hours a person exercises and the likelihood that that person is depressed. D. negative correlation between exercise and depression.

B

Eager to make sense of the world, humans tend to perceive order in random sequences. Thus, we are not very good at believing in chance-related explanations for seemingly extraordinary events. Without falling prey to this bias, of the following poker hands, choose the LEAST likely to occur. A. 9 of spades, 3 of diamonds, 5 of clubs, 8 of clubs, 6 of hearts B. Both hands are equally likely C. 10 of hearts, jack of hearts, queen of hearts, king of hearts, Ace of hearts D. Neither hand is likely to occur

B

Ivan Pavlov pioneered the study of: A. personality B. learning C. mental illness D. perception

B

Professor Garcia would like to study parental spanking and aggressive behavior in children. Which research method would NOT be feasible because of ethical problems associated with trying to manipulate the spanking variable? A. naturalistic observation B. the experimental method C. a correlational study D. a case study

B

Samantha is sure that she aced last week's exam, but when she received her exam back, she had actually failed the test. What did Samantha experience last week? A. dual processing B. overconfidence C. intuition D. hindsight bias

B

Unlike correlation, the only way to demonstrate causation is to conduct a(n): A. correlation study B. experiment C. case study D. survey

B

What simile BEST describes how your mind learns and remembers? The mind is like a : A. stomach B. muscle C. black hole D. filing cabinet

B

Which researcher was the first woman to be elected president of the American Psychological Association? A. Margaret Floy Washburn B. Mary Whiton Calkins C. Rosalie Rayner D. Melvyn Goodale

B

A "gut instinct" is the same as: A. common sense B. culture C. intuition D. environment

C

Basic research on persistent human traits like optimism and pessimism is MOST characteristic of the specialty known as ________ psychology. A. developmental B. biological C. personality D. social

C

Dr. Miller is working on a project studying the different components of wisdom and leadership. What approach BEST describe this work? A. behaviorism B. cognitive psychology C. positive psychology D. neuroscience

C

In an experiment conducted by Professor Costa, the participants' first task is to press any button if they see a red light blink. for the second task, they press the rightmost button if they see red light blink and the leftmost button if they see a green light blink. Professor Costa is studying the difference in the average lag times of these two tasks. the early psychologist whose experiments this is similar to is : A. Ivan Pavlov B. Carl Rogers C. Wilhelm Wundt D. William James

C

It is important to remember that random coincidences are truly random and ______ correlated. A. negatively B. perfectly C. not D. moderately

C

Jane and Sarah were watching the evening news when viewers were asked to call in about the city's proposal to raise taxes. Later in the broadcast, the results were posted. Both Jane and Sarah were skeptical of the 68 percent of the viewers who supported the tax increase. They wondered about the typicality of the people who called the television station. Jane and Sarah are demonstrating: A. operational B. overconfident C. critical D. rhetorical

C

John Watson and Rosalie Rayner showed that ________ could be learned. A. love B. visual ability C. fear D. response speed

C

People who engage in _______ thinking do not blindly accept arguments and conclusions. Instead, they analyze assumptions, look into hidden values, and try to determine if conclusions are warranted. A. rhetorical B. overconfident C. critical D. operational

C

Pharmaceutical studies sometimes test their experimental drugs against an already available medication, known as a comparator, to see if the experimental drug works the same or better than the comparator medication. Those subjects who get assigned to the comparator group would be in the ______ condition. A. treatment B. random C. controlled D. experimental

C

The problem with common sense is that it is "after the fact" in other words, common sense does not help us: A. discern relationships B. interpret findings C. predict the future D. observe phenomena

C

What is a main concern about psychology as a discipline? A. it will treat humans inhumanly during research B. it is a pseudoscience C. it will be used to manipulate people D. it will use animals in research

C

Which statement is NOT true regarding research with animals? A. researchers consider the health of animals B. pain is minimized during animal research C. animals do not benefit from psychological research D. research animals are treated with humane care

C

Who was the first woman to earn a Ph.D. in psychology? A. Melvyn Goodale B. Mary Whiton Calkins C. Margaret Floy Washburn D. Rosalie Rayner

C

Giving people enough information about a study to enable them to choose whether to participate is called: A. reliable testing B. debriefing C. experimental freedom D. informed consent

D

How many animals die each year due to humans? A. 35 million B. 10 million C. 76 million D. 56 million

D

Humans and animals share a common: A. nurture B. context C. environment D. biology

D

In which situation would it be acceptable to temporarily stress or deceive an experimental participant? A. the research would result in lasting harm, and the researchers do not want the participants to know about it ahead of time. B. the researchers need more participants, so they deceive potential participants by telling them the testing will take 10 minutes, rather than the full hour it will actually take. C. The research will embarrass the participants because there is no way to keep the information confidential. D. the researchers want to understand violent behavior, and they are concerned that full knowledge of the study would make the participants change their behavior during the experiment.

D

Jack finds that he can best remember information if he creates flashcards and quizzes himself. This is called the _______ effect. A. memory B. quiz C. retrieval D. testing

D

Much of our early knowledge about the brain came from: A. naturalistic observation of primates B. naturalistic observation of children in different cultures C. case studies of normal individuals D. case studies of brain-damaged individuals

D

Natalie and Ray are seeing Dr. Becker for marital issues. Neither one of them has any psychopathology, but they are interested in strengthening their relationship. Dr. Becker is most likely a _________________ psychologist. A. clinical B. social C. developmental D. counseling

D

One way to develop a complete picture of any given behavior or mental process is to incorporate an integrated viewpoint that examines biological, psychological, and social-cultural factors. This is also known as a(n) ____________ approach. A. psychodynamic B. evolutionary C. behavior genetics D. biopsychosocial

D

People who live happy, thriving lives do NOT: A. have a "growth mind-set" B. manages their time to get a full night's sleep C. make space for exercise D. avoid long-term goals

D

Psychology is the scientific study of : A. behavior and physical processes B. behavior and sociological processes C. social and mental processes D. behavior and mental processes

D

Students in Dr. Hunt's Introductory Psychology class come with their own preconceived notions of psychology as well as of different majors. Many are taking the course as part of their Social Science requirement; however, 10 of them are psychology majors, and all believe they will become psychologists. It will be interesting to follow-up with these 10 students a year from now to see how many of them have changed their majors. This tendency to make predictions about one's life so self-assuredly is called: A. hindsight bias B. academic predictiveness C. the "I-knew-it-all-along" phenomenon D. Overconfidence

D

The APA ethics code encourages researchers to explain the research to participants after they have completed the study. This practice is called: A. informed consent B. value checking C. belief confirmation D. debriefing

D

This refers to the biological characteristics that are inherited, including the physical sex organs. A. social role B. gender C. culture D. sex

D

Using this big idea in psychology, researchers can get the most complete picture of a phenomenon. A. exploring human strengths B. critical thinking C. the two-track mind D. the biopsychosocial approach

D

When Leanne read experimental evidence that indicated orange juice consumption triggers hyperactivity in children, she questioned whether the tested children had been randomly assigned to experimental conditions. Leanne's reaction BEST illustrates: A. common sense B. hindsight bias C. overconfidence D. critical thinking

D

Who authored "The animal mind" A. Wilhelm Wundt B. William James C. Mary Whiton Calkins D. Margaret Floy Washburn

D