Psychology chapter 1-quiz
The _____ has developed ethics guidelines for its members, and the _____ evaluates the ethical nature of research conducted at their colleges and universities.
American Psychological Association (APA); Institutional Review Board (IRB)
In the context of ethic guidelines in psychological research, identify a true statement about deception.
Researchers who employ deception in their studies must be able to justify lying to participants.
Which of the following is a potential problem of using correlation studies in psychological research?
They fail to establish a clear causal relationship between variables.
________ is most often regarded as the "founding father' of modern psychology.
Wilhelm Wundt
The ______ approach emphasizes the scientific study of observable actions and/or responses and their environmental determinants.
behavioral
In the country of Calibria, men prefer to date women with wide hips because they believe that these women are able to reproduce better. This scenario most likely illustrates the ________ to psychology.
biological
Psychologists who adopt a _____ approach examine behavior and mental processes by focusing on the body, especially the brain and nervous system.
biological
Michelle, a researcher, conducts a study to investigate how people's hands sweat during stressful interviews. In this scenario, Michelle is most likely following the _____ to psychology.
biological approach
Dr. Okawa is interested in studying the effect that neurological trauma can have on short-term memory. Firstly, he collects detailed information from a small number individuals who hav experienced brain damage. Using information provided by medical records, interviews, and observations, he attempts to create an in-depth portrait of each individual. What type of research method was used in this study?
case study
According to _____ psychologists, your brain houses a "mind" whose mental processes allow you to remember, make decisions, plan, set goals, and be creative.
cognitive
The _____ approach to psychology views the mind as an active and aware problem-solving system. This view contrasts with the _____ outlook, which portrays actions as controlled by external environmental forces.
cognitive, behavioral
Andrea, a psychologist, conducts a study to determine the effect of students' ages on their college grades. She divides a class into two groups: below age and above age. Members of the blow age group are less than 18 and the above age are above 18 years old. In this scenario, which of the following illustrates the dependent variable?
college grades
Inmates at a correctional facility take part in an experiment on social development. Once the experiment is over, the correctional officer goes home and tells his roommates about the results of the study and about the inmates who did not perform well. In this scenario, which ethical guideline of psychological research has been violated by the correctional officer?
confidentiality
Which of the following attitudes are central to the scientific approach to psychology?
critical thinking, curiosity, skepticism, and objectivity
William James, a prominent American psychologist and philosopher, focused on human interactions with the outside would to understand the purpose of thoughts. His view is known as
functionalism
According to evolutionary psychologists...
human behavior is traceable to problems early humans faced in adapting to their environments.
Abe and Carl are psychologists who believe that people have free will and can make choices based in higher human values. Abe and Carl's views reflect the ______ approach to psychology.
humanistic
Allie has developed a theory concerning test grades of high school students. She believes that there is a strong causal relationship between students' frequency of study and their grades in school. In the context of psychology's scientific method, to test her theory, Allie would first have to state a
hypothesis
In experimental research, the _____ is a manipulated experimental factor, and the _____ is the outcome.
independent variable; dependent variable
Which of the following situations occurs when participants expectations, rather than the experimental treatment, produce an experimental outcome?
not: the third variable probelm
Which of the following goals of science does the empirical method best fulfill?
objectivity
Which of the following is the first step in the scientific method?
observing some phenomenon in the wordl
during a therapy session, Mrs. Brown's therapist, Donald, asks Mrs. Brown about her dreams because he believes that they are key to her unconscious mind. In this scenario, Donald is most likely using the _____ approach to psychology.
psychodynamic
Which approach to psychology emphasizes unconscious thought?
psychodynamic approach
JB Watson and BF Skinner believed that
psychology should focus on an organism's visible interactions with the environment-that is, behaviors
_______ refers to researchers' assignment of participants to groups by chance, to reduce the likelihood that an experiment's results will be due to preexisting differences between groups.
random assignment
A researcher conducts an experiment to test the effects of playing violent video games on aggression. Which of the following could be the dependent variable in this example?
scores on an aggressive behavior survey
Dr. Badal, a psychologist, is studying achievement motivation among groups of African American, Latio, and Asian American people. In this scenario, Dr. Badal is most likely practicing the ______ approach to psychology.
sociocultural
If psychologist studies about the behavioral differences between people from different religions, he or she is most likely following the ____ approach to psychology.
sociocultural
Dr. Steinguard wants to demonstrate a cause-and-effect relationship between stress and memory. Which of the following research methods should he use?
the experimental method
Which of the following is an example of behavior?
two people holding hands in a park
_____ refers to the soundness of the conslusions.
validity
