Psychology Chapter 1

What is one similarity between the line experiment and the bridge experiment?

Both experiments demonstrate how testing the 'obvious' can yield surprising results.

Who offered a supportive environment for clients to talk about their feelings?

Carl Rogers

Independent Variable

Cause

Psychology 5 main specializations

Cognitive Humanistic Social (Behavioral) Developmental (Biological) Clinical (psychodynamic)

how does behavioral and cognitive psychology relate to one another?

Cognitive psychology developed as a response to the limitations of behavioral psychology but has also been integrated with its predecessor in some forms of therapy.

Researchers plan an experiment to test the hypothesis, 'Younger drivers have faster reaction times.' In this study the reaction time is the

Dependent Variable

Dependent Variable

Effect

Functionalism explains

Evolutionary advantages certain behaviors can provide

Which field of psychology would attribute behavior to a person's genes?

biological psychology

Philip Zimbardo's Stanford Prison Experiment wouldn't be approved today because it

caused physical and psychological harm

Whenever Ted gets a good grade his parents take him for ice cream. However, when he performs poorly on a test, he is forced to skip a meal. They also buy him small prizes whenever he cleans his room, but cut his after school play time when his room is a mess. Ted's parents are using _____ to influence his behavior.

conditioning

When you conduct a scientific experiment the _____ is what is measured to determine effect.

dependent variable

Researchers plan an experiment to test the hypothesis, 'Younger drivers have faster reaction times.' In this study the reaction time is the:

dependent variable.

Imagine that you are in charge of creating an age-appropriate standardized test for middle schoolers. What branch of psychology might you consult to ensure that the test was well-suited to students' age levels?

developmental psychology

Psychologist Stanley Milgram conducted an experiment in which participants were instructed to administer _____ to 'learners' in another room.

electric shocks

In Gestalt psychology, our ability to perceive a whole without first noticing its parts is referred to as ___

emergence

David has volunteered to participate in a scientific experiment to test the effectiveness of a new anti-anxiety medication. He is randomly placed into a group that will take this medication for three months and record the level of anxiety in a daily survey. David is placed into the:

experimental group.

In evaluating potential experiments, a research organization's Institutional Review Board tries to ___

find a balance between the value to science and the potential harm done

The two guiding principles for ethical standards in psychological research are _____.

minimize harm and obtain informed consent

Talk therapy and dream analysis are used in...

psychoanalysis

Which psychological approach might attribute Ralph's obsession with keeping a spotless house to the fact that he experienced harsh potty-training?

psychodynamic approach

The psychology field that focuses on our family and friends influencing our behavior is

social psychology

Functionalism seeks to explain _____

the evolutionary advantages certain behaviors can provide

If you were depressed and wanted to talk to someone, what type of psychologist would you go see?

A clinical psychologist

Who suggested that students only . study hard in order to receive a good grade from a teacher

B.F. Skinner

Psychologists that don't believe in free will have what type of thinking

Behaviorist

The Law of Proximity, which observes that people tend to use how close objects are to one another to perceive a larger image, is an example from the _____ field of psychology.

Gestalt

cognitive psychologists

How we learn, solve problems, and make decisions

Self- actualization is the main motivating factor is what type of psychology?

Humanistic psychology

How did the method of introspection help Wundt develop his theory?

It proved that perception and sensation are separate processes

How did functionalism influence modern-day psychological theory?

It set the ground for evolutionary psychology

William James objected to Wundts method because...

It was too subjective

The prominent psychologist who suggested our past experiences shape our problem-solving skills is _____

Jean Piaget

In psychology, what does the term misattribution refer to?

Making a mistaken assumption as to what caused a feeling.

Law of Proximity

Mentally notes how close certain elements of the painting are to one another

What did researchers in the bridge experiment conclude?

People can misattribute what caused their emotions.

Double Blind Study main goal

Prevent researchers from influencing the outcome.

The American Psychological Association most commonly allows experiments to be conducted involving all animals except:

Primates

Sigmund Freud promoted which approach

Psychodynamic

Gestalt's 3 psychological approaches

Psychology psychoanalysis behaviorism

Family and friends influence our behaviors is because of what kind of psychology

Social

How did Wilhelm Wundt and William James change the study of human behavior?

They looked at it from a scientific point of view

How did psychologists conducting psychodynamic research seek to better understand human thought?

Through studying the unconscious

What is the main purpose of psychology?

Understand why we do what we do and find the true roots to our behaviors.

First event in psychology history

Wilhelm Wundt opened a psychology lab

Placebo Effect

a study's control group falsely thinks they're being treated.

Self-actualization is thought to be a key motivating factor in

humanistic psychology

The possible cause that's being studied in an experiment is known as the:

independent variable.

Psychology is how we

think feel behave