Psychology Chapter 11
The subjects in Ekman's facial feedback experiments experienced which of the following when professional actors made angry facial expressions?
- increased body temperature - increased heart rate
Our genetics are about ______ % responsible for adult weight
70
The need for _____ is a stable, learned characteristic in which a person obtains satisfaction by striving for and attaining a level of excellence.
Achievement
Obsession with thinness and self-starvation are characteristics of ______ nervosa
Anorexia
is the evaluation of a situation with respect to how relevant it is to one's own welfare
Appraisal
The ______ nervous system controls involuntary systems of the body, such as internal organs and glands
Autonomic
_____ is used in evaluating whether an individual is overweight. It is determined by dividing weight by height to yield a weight height ratio.
Body Mass Index
Drew is a swimmer. He wants to lose and maintain a healthy weight. What are some recommendations you would give to Drew to help him meet his goals?
Eat in moderation Ensure at least moderate physical activity each day for at least 30 minutes Drink plenty of water Get good sleep
According to the neurocultural theory of emotion, which of the following are examples of aspects of emotion that vary culture to culture?
Emotional regulation Appraisal of emotion-inducing stimuli
Motivation serves to _____ behavior
Energize & direct
which of the following are types of emotion regulation
Expressive suppression Reapprasial
three models of employee motivation
Extrinsic motivation Intrinsic motivation Perceived organizational support
According to the neurocultural theory of emotion, which of the following are examples of aspects of emotion that are similar in all humans?
Facial expressions Physiological changes
________ is a simple sugar in the blood that provides energy for cells throughout the body, including the brain
Glucose
In achievement motivation, which of the following are the factors important to incentive value?
Importance of succeeding Difficulty of the task
_____ motivation comes from within the person and includes the elements of challenge, enjoyment, mastery, and autonomy
Intrinsic
A person with a high ______ will tend to expend more energy than is typical
Metabolism
an interest in establishing and maintaining relationships with other people
Need for affiliation
Which of the following is/are true with regard to the relationship between the stomach and hunger?
People who have their stomachs removed for medical reasons still experience hunger Stomach contractions correspond with hunger pangs but they don't cause hunger
Which type of society places few restrictions on sex?
Permissive
Life _____ is the term used to describe an overall evaluation we have of our lives
Satisfaction
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
Self-actualization Esteem Love and belongingness Safety and security Physiological
______ emotions are those that occur as a function of how well we live up to our expectations, the expectations of others, or rules set by society
Self-conscious
Which of the following are true differences between men and women with regard to the plateau phase of sexual arousal?
The phase is almost always followed by orgasm in men The phase generally lasts longer in women
Which most accurately describes the Yerkes Dodson law?
The principle the moderate levels of arousal lead to optimal performance
which of the following statements is false of basic emotions?
They are the only emotional states humans can experience
what are the main principles of arousal approaches to motivation
We seek to increase and/or decrease excitement to maintain a certain level.
Who talks more about emotions - men or women?
Women
The James-Lange theory of emotion suggests that emotions are
a reaction to changing physiological states
_____ motivation involves a desire to do things well and overcome difficulties and obstacles
achievement
stable predispositions toward certain types of emotional responses are
affective traits
The optimal ______ approach to motivation contends that we have a desired level of stimulation and will increase or decrease excitement as necessary to maintain that level
arousal
Derek is a wrestler who must maintain a weight of 125 pounds. Unfortunately, Derek likes to eat pizza, fries, and desserts. After he eats too much, Derek will often make himself vomit in an attempt to avoid gaining weight. Derek is showing signs of
bulimia nervosa
the emotion process includes which of the following?
cognitive appraisal regulation antecedent event
An ______ is the motivational tension, or arousal, that energizes behavior to fulfill a need
drive
on a very hot day when we are extremely thirsty, we simply must get that drink of water. This illustrates the concept of ______
drives
The two most common myths about dieting are
eating smaller, more frequent meals per day is one way to lose weight thinking that low fat and low carb diets are good and high fat and high carb diets are bad
When ______, you might unintentionally reveal something about yourself, feel self conscious as if you violated some social norm, get giggly, and act as if you want to make amends for a social transgression.
embarrassed
_____ are brief, acute changes in conscious experience and physiology that occur in response to a personally meaningful situation
emotion
_____ refers to the cognitive and behavioral efforts people use to modify their emotions
emotion regulation
the physiological, behavioral/expressive, and subjective changes that occur when emotions are generated
emotional response
Arrange the phases of sexual arousal in their correct sequence from first to last
excitement → plateau → orgasm → resolution
In achievement motivation, the _____ refers to an individual's evaluation of the likelihood of success
expectation of success
________ is a response-focused strategy for regulating emotion that involves the deliberate attempt to inhibit the outward manifestation of an emotion
expressive-suppression
_____ motivation comes from outside the person and usually involves rewards and praises
extrinsic
According to Ekman, basic emotions are not single states but represent categories or groups of related emotions called an emotion
family
The _____ appears to be a pleasure or reward center and is, therefore, related to positive emotions
hypothalamus
The ______________ is the brain structure crucial to sexual behavior. In particular, lesions on part of this brain area have led to decreases in sexual behavior, while electrical stimulation of this area may lead to increased sexual behavior
hypothalamus
_____ is an anticipated reward
incentive
Emotional ______ is defined as empathic understanding and the ability to recognize and to regulate emotions in oneself and others
intelligence
The gene for the hormone ______, which suppresses appetite, may be mutated in some individuals and lead to obesity
leptin
______ are inherently biological states of deficiency (cellular or bodily) that compel drives
needs
you are walking alone in a forest at night with a flashlight. you drop and break your flashlight, and your hands begin to tremble. According to the James-Lange theory, you are afraid because you
notice your hands begin to tremble
According to drive reduction approaches, we do things in order to
satisfy a biological need
actions and arousal involving stimulation of the genitals, which may or may not involve orgasm.
sexual behavior
________ is the disposition to be attracted to either the opposite sex, the same sex, or both sexes
sexual orientation
What are the four biological components of hunger?
stomach blood brain hormones
Although _____ is the major male sex hormone, it controls the sex drive in both men and women
testosterone
Most evidence in dieting research suggests that dieting does not work for
the long-term
Each emotion creates a different subjective experience, and each produces a _____ feeling
unique
Life satisfaction, domain satisfaction, and positive and negative affect comprise the state known as subjective _______
well-being