Psychology chapter 4

Which of the following are effects of alcohol?

1. impulsiveness 2. reduced anxiety 3. disorientation

It is estimated that ______ million people in the United States suffer from sleep apnea

20

About what percentage of people cannot be hypnotized at all?

5 to 20 percent

Which of the following characterizes the immediate effect of heroin?

A rush of positive feeling

Which of the following is LEAST like to experience insomnia?

A ten year old boy

An individual who may stop breathing multiple times during the night while sleeping likely has sleep _______

Apnea

Which of the following is classed as a depressant?

Barbiturates

Which of the following is an amphetamine-like stimulant containing chemicals related to cathinone, which produce euphoria and a rise in sociability and sex drive?

Bath salts

______ can have severe side effects including paranoia and agitation

Bath salts

Of the following, which is associated with meditation?

Decreased heart rate and oxygen use

Which of the following is key to a person becoming hypnotized?

Deep relaxation

What category of drug are barbiturates?

Depressant

What category of drug is alcohol?

Depressant

The effects of heroin can be broken down into three phases. Which of the following characterize the period when the drug is wearing off?

Desperate desire to repeat the experience extreme anxiety

What are some characteristics of people who are easily hypnotized

Easily absorbed in a book or music Frequent daydreaming

Psychoactive drugs influence which of the following

Emotions, perceptions, and behavior

All psychoactive drugs are illegal

False

How is binge drinking defined for men?

Five or more drinks in one sitting

Which of the following body processes does NOT follow a circadian rhythm?

Hair growth

In what category of drug is marijuana

Hallucinogen

What category of drug is MDMA?

Hallucinogen

Which statement most accurately describes the genetic influence on alcoholism

Having an alcoholic in one's family increases the risk of alcoholism.

Caffeine produces which of the following effects?

Increased attentiveness Decreased reaction time

What is the name of the psychiatrist who proposed the activation-synthesis theory of dreams?

J. Allan Hobson

According to psychoanalytic theory, objects in dreams sometimes represent something else. The object that is being disguised is referred to as the _____ content.

Latent

Euphoria is most likely to be experienced by users of which of the following drugs

Marijuana

What is a common and dangerous amphetamine?

Meth

______ has been called the most dangerous street drug in the United States.

Methamphetamine

Which of the following are derivatives of the poppy plant?

Morphine Heroin

______ is a stimulant and makes smoking addictive.

Nicotine

In the context of cultural and ethnic differences in alcohol consumption, which of the following statements is true?

People of East Asian backgrounds who live in the United States tend to drink significantly less than do African Americans

According to activation information modulation theory, dreams are initiated in the ______ of the brain.

Pons

What is one way that psychoactive drugs have the ability to alter consciousness

Psychoactive drugs mimic neurotransmitters in the brain

During which stage of sleep does the heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing rate increase?

REM stage

What are the characteristics of stage 1 sleep?

Rapid, low-amplitude brain waves

There are a number of circadian "clocks" associated with specific parts of the body. These "clocks" do which of the following

Release and retain various substances in the kidneys Speed up the heart before dawn to prepare for the day

Which of the following are common effects of amphetamines?

Sense of energy Talkativeness Heightened confidence

Depressive effects of an increased dosage of alcohol include which of the following

Slurred speech and incoherence Memory impairment Poor judgment and aggression

Individuals in their early 20s spend about half of their total sleep in which stage of sleep?

Stage 2

Which of the following reflect some of the beliefs of those who reject Freud's view of dreams?

The direct action of the dream is the focal point of its meaning Dreams reflect events happening in the dreamer's environment as they are sleeping.

Evidence that hypnosis is a different state of consciousness than normal waking is provided by which of the following

The fact there are specific changes in the electrical activity of the brain in individuals who are hypnotized

T/F Freud believed that the meaning of a dream is disguised by its manifest content

True

There is no definitive answer as to why sleep is essential

True

______ is Sigmund Freud's theory that dreams represent unconscious wishes that dreamers desire to see satisfied

Unconscious wish fulfillment theory

Which of the following describes the gender gap in alcohol use by teenagers?

Young women and young men drink alcohol the same frequency.

Like the unconscious wish-fulfillment theory, the activation-synthesis and AIM theories posit that dreams are

a clue to the dreamer's fears, emotions, and concerns

A drug that produces dependence is said to be

addictive

What is the most commonly used depressant?

alcohol

Commonly known as speed, ______ are strong stimulates that stimulate the central nervous system

amphetamines

People who suddenly stop drinking coffee may experience headaches or depression. This is best characterized as

biological dependence

Consciousness includes ________

both our environment and our private internal world

Stimulant drugs tend to increase the level of activity within the

central nervous system

Which of the following statements regarding cocaine are true?

cocaine is a stimulant Cocaine is rapidly absorbed into the body. cocaine can be inhaled

______ typically occur while people are awake

daydreams

Drugs that slow down the nervous system are called

depressants

When small amounts of ______ are taken, a temporary feeling of intoxication and euphoria can occur.

depressants

One sign that a person has consumed too much alcohol is

disorientation

Some believe that hypnosis represents a state of divided consciousness. According to this view, hypnosis brings about ______, or division, of consciousness into two simultaneous components.

dissociation

When hypnotized, people

do not always do what they are told to do

Rats seem to dream about mazes that they learned to run through during the day, which supports the ______ theory.

dreams-for-survival

T/F Activation-synthesis and AIM theories reject the view that dreams reflect unconscious wishes.

false

True or false: Hypnosis is the most effective strategy for recalling suppressed memories from childhood, such as abuse

false

In some forms of meditation, the focus is on a

flame picture specific part of the body

"Meth" is a

form of amphetamine.

According to Sigmund Freud, dreams provide a way to

fulfill our wishes.

It is controversial whether there is a specific _____ that produces alcoholism

gene

A drug that is capable of producing pronounced changes in perception is a(n)

hallucinogen

Stimulant drugs tend to increase

heart rate, blood pressure, and muscular tension

______ leads to a trancelike state in which you are susceptible to suggestion.

hypnosis

Cocaine tends to

increase confidence and elevate mood

According to activation ______ modulation theory, dreams are initiated in the brain's pons, which send random signals to the cortex.

information

One-third of all people experience _______ difficulty sleeping at some point in their lives.

insomnia

Consumption of alcohol often leads to

loss of inhibitions

Which of the following are initial effects of alcohol that are often felt by people?

loss of inhibitions feelings of happiness release of tension and stress.

Freud believed that if someone dreamed of climbing up a stairway that it symbolized a wish for sexual intercourse. In this scenario, the stairway is the ______ content of the dream.

manifest

In dreams, objects sometimes represent something else. The object or apparent story line that appears in the dream is referred to as the _____.

manifest content

What is a learned technique for refocusing attention that brings about an altered state of consciousness

meditation

_____ is a technique for refocusing attention and increasing relaxation by evoking an altered state of consciousness without the use of drugs. It typically does not involve interaction with another person.

meditation

What are some effects of cocaine?

mood elevation, increased confidence

______ is a disorder characterized by uncontrollably falling asleep regardless of the activity one is currently engaged in.

narcolepsy

Psychoactive drugs have the largest influence on the

nervous system

Scientists have suggested that we sleep so that

neurons can rest

_____ and ____ are common forms of psychoactive drugs that can be obtained legally.

nicotine, alcohol

Depressants and narcotics create similar effects. Which of the following effects is unique to narcotics

pain relief

Hallucinogens produces changes in

perception

The dreams-for-survival theory suggests that we dream because this gives us time to

process critical information for our daily survival

Barbiturates do which of the following

produce a sense of relaxation, reduce stress, induce sleep

The category of drugs that are the most commonly found in our daily lives are ______ drugs.

psychoactive

______ drugs influence a person's emotions, perceptions, and behavior.

psychoactive

When people believe that they need a drug to respond to the stresses of daily living, it is called a ______ drug dependence

psychological

Consumption of alcohol often leads to

reduced tension and stress.

Circadian rhythms help

regulate the body

In meditation it is important to

repeat one word or sound over and over.

According to the dreams-for-survival theory, dreams

represent concerns about our daily lives

Which stage of sleep is characterized by slower, more regular wave patterns with momentary interruptions of "sleep spindles"?

stage 2 sleep

The brain's ______ controls the circadian rhythms.

suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)

Dreams-for-survival theory suggests that dreams provide time to reconsider and process information critical for our daily

survival

When in a hypnotic state, people are

susceptible to suggestion

Those who reject the view that hypnosis is a state that is different from normal waking consciousness assert that

there is a lack of evidence to support the opposite view

T/F In some cases of alcoholism, people drink inconsistently but occasionally go on binges in which they consume large quantities of alcohol.

true