Psychology chapter 4
Which of the following are effects of alcohol?
1. impulsiveness 2. reduced anxiety 3. disorientation
It is estimated that ______ million people in the United States suffer from sleep apnea
20
About what percentage of people cannot be hypnotized at all?
5 to 20 percent
Which of the following characterizes the immediate effect of heroin?
A rush of positive feeling
Which of the following is LEAST like to experience insomnia?
A ten year old boy
An individual who may stop breathing multiple times during the night while sleeping likely has sleep _______
Apnea
Which of the following is classed as a depressant?
Barbiturates
Which of the following is an amphetamine-like stimulant containing chemicals related to cathinone, which produce euphoria and a rise in sociability and sex drive?
Bath salts
______ can have severe side effects including paranoia and agitation
Bath salts
Of the following, which is associated with meditation?
Decreased heart rate and oxygen use
Which of the following is key to a person becoming hypnotized?
Deep relaxation
What category of drug are barbiturates?
Depressant
What category of drug is alcohol?
Depressant
The effects of heroin can be broken down into three phases. Which of the following characterize the period when the drug is wearing off?
Desperate desire to repeat the experience extreme anxiety
What are some characteristics of people who are easily hypnotized
Easily absorbed in a book or music Frequent daydreaming
Psychoactive drugs influence which of the following
Emotions, perceptions, and behavior
All psychoactive drugs are illegal
False
How is binge drinking defined for men?
Five or more drinks in one sitting
Which of the following body processes does NOT follow a circadian rhythm?
Hair growth
In what category of drug is marijuana
Hallucinogen
What category of drug is MDMA?
Hallucinogen
Which statement most accurately describes the genetic influence on alcoholism
Having an alcoholic in one's family increases the risk of alcoholism.
Caffeine produces which of the following effects?
Increased attentiveness Decreased reaction time
What is the name of the psychiatrist who proposed the activation-synthesis theory of dreams?
J. Allan Hobson
According to psychoanalytic theory, objects in dreams sometimes represent something else. The object that is being disguised is referred to as the _____ content.
Latent
Euphoria is most likely to be experienced by users of which of the following drugs
Marijuana
What is a common and dangerous amphetamine?
Meth
______ has been called the most dangerous street drug in the United States.
Methamphetamine
Which of the following are derivatives of the poppy plant?
Morphine Heroin
______ is a stimulant and makes smoking addictive.
Nicotine
In the context of cultural and ethnic differences in alcohol consumption, which of the following statements is true?
People of East Asian backgrounds who live in the United States tend to drink significantly less than do African Americans
According to activation information modulation theory, dreams are initiated in the ______ of the brain.
Pons
What is one way that psychoactive drugs have the ability to alter consciousness
Psychoactive drugs mimic neurotransmitters in the brain
During which stage of sleep does the heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing rate increase?
REM stage
What are the characteristics of stage 1 sleep?
Rapid, low-amplitude brain waves
There are a number of circadian "clocks" associated with specific parts of the body. These "clocks" do which of the following
Release and retain various substances in the kidneys Speed up the heart before dawn to prepare for the day
Which of the following are common effects of amphetamines?
Sense of energy Talkativeness Heightened confidence
Depressive effects of an increased dosage of alcohol include which of the following
Slurred speech and incoherence Memory impairment Poor judgment and aggression
Individuals in their early 20s spend about half of their total sleep in which stage of sleep?
Stage 2
Which of the following reflect some of the beliefs of those who reject Freud's view of dreams?
The direct action of the dream is the focal point of its meaning Dreams reflect events happening in the dreamer's environment as they are sleeping.
Evidence that hypnosis is a different state of consciousness than normal waking is provided by which of the following
The fact there are specific changes in the electrical activity of the brain in individuals who are hypnotized
T/F Freud believed that the meaning of a dream is disguised by its manifest content
True
There is no definitive answer as to why sleep is essential
True
______ is Sigmund Freud's theory that dreams represent unconscious wishes that dreamers desire to see satisfied
Unconscious wish fulfillment theory
Which of the following describes the gender gap in alcohol use by teenagers?
Young women and young men drink alcohol the same frequency.
Like the unconscious wish-fulfillment theory, the activation-synthesis and AIM theories posit that dreams are
a clue to the dreamer's fears, emotions, and concerns
A drug that produces dependence is said to be
addictive
What is the most commonly used depressant?
alcohol
Commonly known as speed, ______ are strong stimulates that stimulate the central nervous system
amphetamines
People who suddenly stop drinking coffee may experience headaches or depression. This is best characterized as
biological dependence
Consciousness includes ________
both our environment and our private internal world
Stimulant drugs tend to increase the level of activity within the
central nervous system
Which of the following statements regarding cocaine are true?
cocaine is a stimulant Cocaine is rapidly absorbed into the body. cocaine can be inhaled
______ typically occur while people are awake
daydreams
Drugs that slow down the nervous system are called
depressants
When small amounts of ______ are taken, a temporary feeling of intoxication and euphoria can occur.
depressants
One sign that a person has consumed too much alcohol is
disorientation
Some believe that hypnosis represents a state of divided consciousness. According to this view, hypnosis brings about ______, or division, of consciousness into two simultaneous components.
dissociation
When hypnotized, people
do not always do what they are told to do
Rats seem to dream about mazes that they learned to run through during the day, which supports the ______ theory.
dreams-for-survival
T/F Activation-synthesis and AIM theories reject the view that dreams reflect unconscious wishes.
false
True or false: Hypnosis is the most effective strategy for recalling suppressed memories from childhood, such as abuse
false
In some forms of meditation, the focus is on a
flame picture specific part of the body
"Meth" is a
form of amphetamine.
According to Sigmund Freud, dreams provide a way to
fulfill our wishes.
It is controversial whether there is a specific _____ that produces alcoholism
gene
A drug that is capable of producing pronounced changes in perception is a(n)
hallucinogen
Stimulant drugs tend to increase
heart rate, blood pressure, and muscular tension
______ leads to a trancelike state in which you are susceptible to suggestion.
hypnosis
Cocaine tends to
increase confidence and elevate mood
According to activation ______ modulation theory, dreams are initiated in the brain's pons, which send random signals to the cortex.
information
One-third of all people experience _______ difficulty sleeping at some point in their lives.
insomnia
Consumption of alcohol often leads to
loss of inhibitions
Which of the following are initial effects of alcohol that are often felt by people?
loss of inhibitions feelings of happiness release of tension and stress.
Freud believed that if someone dreamed of climbing up a stairway that it symbolized a wish for sexual intercourse. In this scenario, the stairway is the ______ content of the dream.
manifest
In dreams, objects sometimes represent something else. The object or apparent story line that appears in the dream is referred to as the _____.
manifest content
What is a learned technique for refocusing attention that brings about an altered state of consciousness
meditation
_____ is a technique for refocusing attention and increasing relaxation by evoking an altered state of consciousness without the use of drugs. It typically does not involve interaction with another person.
meditation
What are some effects of cocaine?
mood elevation, increased confidence
______ is a disorder characterized by uncontrollably falling asleep regardless of the activity one is currently engaged in.
narcolepsy
Psychoactive drugs have the largest influence on the
nervous system
Scientists have suggested that we sleep so that
neurons can rest
_____ and ____ are common forms of psychoactive drugs that can be obtained legally.
nicotine, alcohol
Depressants and narcotics create similar effects. Which of the following effects is unique to narcotics
pain relief
Hallucinogens produces changes in
perception
The dreams-for-survival theory suggests that we dream because this gives us time to
process critical information for our daily survival
Barbiturates do which of the following
produce a sense of relaxation, reduce stress, induce sleep
The category of drugs that are the most commonly found in our daily lives are ______ drugs.
psychoactive
______ drugs influence a person's emotions, perceptions, and behavior.
psychoactive
When people believe that they need a drug to respond to the stresses of daily living, it is called a ______ drug dependence
psychological
Consumption of alcohol often leads to
reduced tension and stress.
Circadian rhythms help
regulate the body
In meditation it is important to
repeat one word or sound over and over.
According to the dreams-for-survival theory, dreams
represent concerns about our daily lives
Which stage of sleep is characterized by slower, more regular wave patterns with momentary interruptions of "sleep spindles"?
stage 2 sleep
The brain's ______ controls the circadian rhythms.
suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)
Dreams-for-survival theory suggests that dreams provide time to reconsider and process information critical for our daily
survival
When in a hypnotic state, people are
susceptible to suggestion
Those who reject the view that hypnosis is a state that is different from normal waking consciousness assert that
there is a lack of evidence to support the opposite view
T/F In some cases of alcoholism, people drink inconsistently but occasionally go on binges in which they consume large quantities of alcohol.
true