psychology chapter 4

_ processing is the simultaneous distribution of information across different neural pathways.

Parallel

The __ __carries neural impulses to the area of the brain that processes sound.

auditory nerve

The nerve that carries neural impulses to the area of the brain that processes sound is called the: Multiple choice question. auditory nerve basil membrane cochlea inner ear

auditory nerve

_ is a form of electromagnetic energy that can be described in terms of wavelengths.

light

Differences in both the timing and intensity helps us a ___ sound.

locate

The specialized cells that detect stimulus information and transmit it to afferent nerves and the brain are called ___ receptors.

sensory

An employee buys a new perfume and decides to wear it to work. When applying the perfume, the employee notices that it has a very strong scent. Within an hour of wearing it, the employee stops noticing the scent. This example best illustrates the concept of Multiple Choice confirmation bias. sensory adaptation. functional fixedness. perceptual constancy.

sensory adaptation.

Which of the following monocular cues involves changes in perception due to the position of the light and the position of the viewer? Multiple Choice texture gradient linear perspective shading overlap

shading

The theory that focuses on decision making about stimuli in the presence of uncertainty is Blank______ theory. Multiple choice question. signal detection social cognitive absolute threshold certainty principle

signal detection

Papillae, the rounded bumps above the tongue's surface contain the receptors for taste. These are commonly referred to as __ __

taste buds

The sound reaching one ear is more intense than the sound reaching the other ear because of: Multiple choice question. the sound shadow vestibular sensation the volley principle depth perception

the sound shadow

Light is measured by: Multiple choice question. quality decibels shades wavelengths

wavelengths

In the context of the auditory system, place theory states that Multiple Choice the vibrations in the ear produced by auditory stimuli travel in one direction—from the tip of the cochlea to the oval window. a cluster of nerve cells in the inner ear can fire neural impulses in rapid succession. the perception of a sound's frequency depends on how often the auditory nerve fires. each frequency produces vibrations at a particular spot on the basilar membrane of the inner ear.

each frequency produces vibrations at a particular spot on the basilar membrane of the inner ear.

The outer ear consists of the pinna and the __ __ __

external auditory canal.

The principle by which individuals organize the perceptual field into stimuli that stand out and those that are left over is called the: Multiple choice question. figure-ground relationship depth-constancy relationship visual relationship gestalt relationship

figure-ground relationship

The number of full sound waves or cycles per second is called: Multiple choice question. pitch frequency audition timbre

frequency

_ is the number of full sound wavelength cycles that pass through a point in a given time.

frequency

A student enters a college auditorium that is almost packed to capacity and tries to find an empty seat. The student fails to notice a friend waving to them in the crowd. This scenario most likely illustrates Multiple Choice signal detection theory. inattentional blindness. depth perception. subliminal perception.

inattentional blindness.

The __ is the colored part of the eye, which might be light blue in one individual and dark brown in another.

iris

The pupil is the opening in the center of the __ in the eye and appears black.

iris

Information about movement, posture, and orientation is provided via the Blank______ senses. Multiple choice question. kinesthetic tactile olfactory vestibular

kinesthetic

The __ senses provide information about movement, posture, and orientation.

kinesthetic

Pressure against the skin is called ___ energy.

mechanical

In the context of the chemical senses, the ________Blank is the lining of the roof of the nasal cavity that contains a sheet of receptor cells for smell. Multiple Choice reticular formation basilar membrane olfactory epithelium occipital lobe

olfactory epithelium

Mona was in a car accident, which caused severe head damage and affected her vision. Although Mona's eyes are able to detect visual stimuli and form images on the retina, her brain is not receiving the visual information. This problem with vision is most likely due to improper functioning of the Multiple Choice sclera. lens. blind spot. optic nerve.

optic nerve.

The simultaneous distribution of information across different neural pathways is called: Multiple choice question. feature detection binding parallel processing double processing

parallel processing

Which of the following is part of the outer ear? Multiple choice question. pinna stirrup cochlea eardrum

pinna

The theory of hearing that states that each frequency produces vibrations at a particular spot on the basilar membrane is called __ theory.

place

The theory of hearing that states that each frequency produces vibrations at a particular spot on the basilar membrane is known as: Multiple choice question. frequency theory place theory locational theory volley principle

place theory

The Blank______ is the opening in the center of the iris. Multiple choice question. pupil cornea lens sclera

pupil

The figure-ground ___ is the principle by which individuals organize the perceptual fields into stimuli that stand out and those that are left over.

relationship

The white, outer part of the eye that helps to maintain the shape of the eye and to protect it from injury is known as the: Multiple choice question. sclera pupil retina cornea

sclera

The process of receiving stimulus energies from the external environment and transforming those energies into neural energy is known as: Multiple choice question. bottom-up processing perception top-down processing sensation

sensation

_ is the process of receiving stimulus energies from the external environment.

sensation

When a swimmer first jumped into the pool, they thought that the water was very cold. Although the temperature of the pool remained constant, after a few minutes the swimmer no longer complained about feeling cold. This change in reaction to the temperature of the pool water is an example of Multiple Choice sensory deprivation. top-down processing. a perceptual set. sensory adaptation.

sensory adaptation.

__ __ theory focuses on decision making about stimuli under the condition of uncertainty.

signal detection

The absolute threshold is defined by psychologists as the Multiple choice question. smallest change in stimulation needed in order to discriminate one stimulus from another. largest difference in stimulation that can be detected as a change. maximum intensity of a stimulus that can be detected by the sense organs. smallest intensity of a stimulus that must be present for the stimulus to be detected half of the time.

smallest intensity of a stimulus that must be present for the stimulus to be detected half of the time.

The Blank______ theory of color vision outlines three types of cones that work together to form color vision. Multiple choice question. cochlea trichromatic opponent process gate control

trichromatic

The __ theory of color vision outlines three types of cones that work together to form color vision.

trichromatic

Information about movement, posture, and orientation is provided via the Blank______ senses. Multiple choice question. kinesthetic tactile olfactory vestibular

wearing sunglasses avoiding high-fat foods eating a diet rich in vitamins A, E, and C

______ energy represents pressure against the skin. Multiple choice question. Mechanical Thermoreceptive Nociceptive Pain

Mechanical

Select all that apply Sensation and perception researchers represent a broad range of specialties, including which of the following? Multiple select question. neurology nephrology ophthalmology audiology forensic psychology

Neurology Ophthalmology Audiology

Which of the following statements is true of monocular cues? Multiple Choice They are cues that depend on the combination of the images in the left and right eyes. They are characteristics of the real world that defy the figure-ground relationship. They are features of the visual world that provide information about depth. They are cues to depth provided by muscle movements in both eyes working together.

They are features of the visual world that provide information about depth.

Sensory adaptation is Multiple choice question. a predisposition or readiness to perceive something in a particular way. a change in the responsiveness of the sensory system based on the average level of surrounding stimulation. an approach to perception that focuses on decision making about stimuli under conditions of uncertainty. the act of focusing on a specific aspect of experience while ignoring others.

a change in the responsiveness of the sensory system based on the average level of surrounding stimulation.

The _ threshold is the minimum amount of stimulus energy that a person can detect.

absolute

The loss of smell as a result of a condition called ______ , which is a symptom of COVID-19, can threaten the employment of people who require the sense of smell to successfully do their job.

anosmia

Which of the following is a condition related to COVID-19 that causes the loss of smell? Multiple choice question. blindness anosmia paralysis social anxiety

anosmia

What is the process of focusing awareness on a narrowed aspect of the environment called? Multiple choice question. kinesthesis perception attention sensation

attention

__ is the process of focusing awareness on a narrowed aspect of the environment.

attention

Which of the following is an example of sensory adaptation? Multiple choice question. becoming used to the sound of a bubbling aquarium after spending an hour in the room with it feeling your foot become more tender the more times you step down with a pebble in your shoe getting a headache when the neighbors won't turn down their loud music being able to smell a tiny amount of smoke coming from the fireplace

becoming used to the sound of a bubbling aquarium after spending an hour in the room with it

A skier was injured in a skiing accident and lost their sense of hearing. The doctor who operated stated that the hair cells in the skier's ears were damaged. In order to help the skier detect sound again, the doctor should suggest a Multiple Choice pinna transplant. monocular implant. sclera replacement. cochlear implant.

cochlear implant.

__ and __ researchers may conduct research in broad areas like audiology, ophthalmology, and neurology.

Sensation and perception

Wavelengths of visible light range from about 400 to _ nanometers.

700

Select all that apply Which of the following statements regarding light are correct? Multiple select question. It is described in terms of wavelength. It is a form of electromagnetic energy. It travels in waves. It is measured in decibels.

It is described in terms of wavelength. It is a form of electromagnetic energy. It travels in waves.

Identify a true statement about mechanoreception. Multiple Choice It plays a major role in the detection of light. It transmits information wherein the energy is perceived as sight. It transmits information about chemical stimuli such as smell and taste. It plays a significant role in the detection of vibration and movement.

It plays a significant role in the detection of vibration and movement.

A patient was born with hearing loss. When a doctor studied the physiology of the patient's auditory system, they found that the eardrums were intact and were receiving auditory stimulus. However, the stimulus was not moving forward from the eardrums and was not reaching the inner ear. Which of the following conclusions is the doctor most likely to have drawn from these findings? Multiple Choice The cerebral cortex in the patient's brain was damaged. The hammer, anvil, and stirrup in the patient's ears were not performing their functions. The pinna in the patient's outer ear was not performing its functions. The occipital lobe in the patient's brain was damaged.

The hammer, anvil, and stirrup in the patient's ears were not performing their functions.

Which of the following statements is true of umami? Multiple Choice The taste of umami is the flavor of valine. It is a bitter flavor that is present in many seafoods. The taste of umami is the flavor of L-glutamate. It is a salty flavor that is present in parmesan and mozzarella cheese.

The taste of umami is the flavor of L-glutamate.

True or false: Eating vitamins A, E, and C will help protect vision. True false question. True False

True

True or false: Papillae are bumps on the tongue that contain taste buds, the receptors for taste. True false question. True False

True

True or false: Sensory receptors are specialized cells that detect stimulus information and transmit it to sensory (afferent) nerves and the brain. True false question. True False

True