Psychology chapter 4

Robin's parents are incredibly strict and rarely show her love and affection. What type of parenting style do Robin's parents have?

Authoritarian

Which parenting style is most encouraged in modern America?

Authoritive

Lenny and Ruth have a love relationship characterized by high levels of intimacy and commitment. They have been married for 14 years and report that they haven't experienced passion in their relationship for some time. Using the triangular model their love would be described as

Companionate love

The primary finding from the Harlows' study of rhesus monkeys was that _____ is a stronger determinant of attachment than food.

Contact comfort

According to ________, lifespan development encompasses eight stages and at each stage we encounter a psychosocial crisis that must be resolved.

Erik Erikson

Which statement about groupthink is correct?

Group members modify their opinions to match what they believe is the group consensus.

Carissa's parents let her stay up as late as she wants. She is allowed to pick out her own clothes and decide when and what she wants to eat. Her parents act more like her friends than authority figures. What kind of parenting style is this?

Permisive

What do developmental psychologists study?

Physical, emotional, cognitive, and social aspects of development over the entire lifespan.

Joe is three-years-old and highly egocentric. He understands object permanence but does not yet understand conservation. Joe is most likely in the _____ stage of cognitive development.

Preoperational

Which of the following is not a symptom of groupthink?

Social facilitation

In 1956, a psychologist set up an experiment in which people were shown a 10-inch line. They had to choose the line (from a group of three) that was the same length as the original line. conducted this experiment in order to study .

Solomon Asch; conformity

In 1963, a psychologist at Yale University conducted a study in which an authority figure (the experimenter) instructed participants to shock who they thought was another participant each time they answered a question incorrectly. conducted this experiment in order to study

Stanley Milgram; obedience

John believes that all Americans are lazy and rude. This is an example of:

a stereotype

18-month-old Gordon learned the schema for apples. When Gordon sees tomatoes at the grocery store, he says, "Look daddy, apples!" His father tells him that the food he sees at the store is a tomato, not an apple. He now has separate schemata for tomatoes and apples. This exemplifies ________.

accommodation

Ari is three-years old and believes the moon has feelings. He is sure to tell the moon goodnight before he goes to bed. Ari is demonstrating:

animistic thinking

Which of the following is the best example of peripheral route persuasion?

anti-smoking advertisements that rely on celebrity spokespeople advocating for reduction in cigarette use

Which of the following is the best example of central route persuasion?

anti-smoking advertisements that use charts and graphs to show how many people die from smoking-related causes each year

One-year-old Ainsley learned the schema for trucks because her family has a truck. When Ainsley sees cars driving on television, she says, "Look mommy, truck!" This exemplifies ________.

assimilation

All of the following factors increase obedience EXCEPT:

close proximity to victims.

In Stanley Milgram's obedience research, the person playing the part of the "learner" was an accomplice, or ________, of the experiment. He was aware of the true purpose of the research, was never shocked, and was acting according to Milgramâ s instructions.

confederate

Henry is juror number four in a murder trial. He believes the accused is guilty, but when the jurors vote it becomes clear he is the only one that thinks this way. Henry votes not guilty along with the other jurors despite what he sees as evidence clearly indicating guilt. This is an example of:

conformity

Billie's parents tell him to share his candy bar with his younger sister, Max. At first, he breaks the candy bar into five even pieces and gives her two pieces while keeping three for himself. When she complains that he did not share the candy bar fairly, he breaks one of her pieces into two. Max is satisfied now that they both have three pieces of the candy bar. What concept does Billie understand that Max doesn't, allowing him to trick her?

conservation

Marcus and Natasha are newlyweds. They report high levels of passion, intimacy, and commitment in their relationship. Their love would best be described as:

consumate love

Declining in middle and later adulthood, the ability to think abstractly and flexibly in solving problems is referred to as:

conventional

Leila is nine-months old and has an irritable disposition. She has difficulty sleeping through the night and her mother has been unable to get Leila on a regular feeding schedule. Leila's mother works from home and Leila cries whenever her mother's clients come over to the house. How would you describe Leila's temperament?

difficult

Lucas walks around his busy college campus between classes. He notices smoke coming out from one of the buildings, but decides not to call the fire department because he assumes that someone else has already called. What psychological phenomenon does this example illustrate?

diffusion of responsibility

When development proceeds in a stepwise fashion with periods of growth interrupted by periods where growth is not occurring, we'd say that development is taking a(n) ________ trajectory.

discontinuous

Nick is a landlord. He believes that people with mental disorders are dangerous. As a result, he refuses to rent an apartment to anyone with a mental disorder. Nick's behavior of refusing to rent his apartments is an example of:

discrimination

Jory, a six year old, is picking out a card for his mother's birthday. He picks the card with a picture of Lightning McQueen, reasoning that since he loves Cars his mother does to. What does this exemplify?

egocentrism

When Jacob came home from work upset about a disagreement he'd had with his boss, his wife Jodi sat down to listen to him. She imagined the argument that had occurred, and tried to understand how her husband was feeling. Jodi is demonstrating a high level of ________.

empathy

What does nurture refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate?

environment and culture

Declining in middle and later adulthood, the ability to think abstractly and flexibly in solving problems is referred to as:

fluid intelligence

Mike begs his mom to go to his friend Will's house for dinner. She agrees and after dinner, Mike calls his mom to ask if he can also spend the night. Mike is using the compliance technique.

foot-in-the-door

According to Jean Piaget, in what stage do children begin to use abstract thinking processes?

formal operational

What is the correct order of stages of prenatal development?

germinal, embryonic, fetal

Which of the following is the best example of the foot-in-the-door technique of persuasion?

getting your parents to agree to cut their smoking down by a few cigarettes, then asking them to quit altogether

When making a group decision, Corey and colleagues typically discourage debate about various ideas and focus on building consensus for their manager's ideas. This practice is typical in:

groupthink

Which of the following strategies would effectively prevent groupthink from occurring?

having group members vote anonymously

Orlando shares with a friend that he does not like people who are homosexual, and that he goes out of his way at work to avoid helping customers who he suspects are gay. His friend says to him, "man, that isn't a cool way to be. You do realize that you're expressing a form of prejudice called ________, don't you?"

homophobia

Rachel and her daughter, Emma, are participating in a replication of Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation. Emma paid little attention to Rachel when she was in the room. When Rachel leaves the room, Emma shows little distress. Finally, when Rachel returns, Emma ignored her. Based on Emma's behavior, it is most likely that Emma has a(n) _____ attachment style.

insecure-avoidant

According to research discussed in your textbook, prejudice is reduced when:

members of different groups are made to work together to achieve a common goal.

Madeline is seven months old. Her mother is eating a cookie and Madeline wants some. Her mother hides the cookie under a napkin, but Madeline is not fooled. She knows the cookie is still there. What does this exemplify?

object permanence

If a person had an epileptic seizure in a public place, she would be most likely to be helped if in the area.

one person was

Britta knows that it is wrong to break into a store that is closed, but there is a medical emergency and she has no cell phone with her. Her date has collapsed on the street and is having a seizure. Britta breaks the window of a local store, unlocks the door, and lets herself in to call the police. She stays behind to explain her behavior to the store owner, who shows up shortly after he is called. Britta is operating at the ________ level of Kohlberg's theory of morality.

post-conventional

Elroy decided not to cheat on the exam because he would fail the class if he was caught and he'd get punished by his parents. What stage of moral development does this exemplify?

pre-conventional

April touches the cheek of her two-month old daughter, Harriet. In response, Harriet turns her head toward the touch in search of her mother's breast. Harriet is demonstrating the _____ reflex.

rooting

What is the correct order of Jean Piaget's stages of cognitive development?

sensorimotor; preoperational; concrete operational; formal operational

When Ginger goes on runs with her friends, she runs much faster than when she is alone. What is this an example of?

social facilitation

When people explain their own behavior by making a situational attribution and the behavior of others by making a dispositional attribution, it is called:

the actor observer bias

What is the single most important fact that predicts the person with whom you will become friends or have a romantic relationship?

the amount of contact you have with people

The tendency to attribute behavior to dispositional causes without regard to situational influences is known as:

the fundamental attribution error

When Ruby wrecked her car, she told her parents that the sun was in her eyes, which caused her to crash. When Ruby received a perfect score on her math test, she attributed her success to her intelligence. Ruby is demonstrating:

the self serving bias