psychology chapter 5

unconditioned response (UCR)

an involuntary response to a naturally occurring or unconditioned stimulus

CER's may lead to phobias

CER's may lead to phobias

unconditioned stimulus (UCS)

a naturally occurring stimulus that leads to an involuntary response

learning

any relative permanent change in behavior brought about by experience or practice

neutral stimulus

can become a conditioned stimulus when paired with an unconditioned stimulus

vicarious conditioning

classical conditioning of a reflex response or emotion by watching the reaction of another person

unconditioned means unlearned

conditioned means learned

conditioned taste aversion

development of a nausea or aversive response to a particular taste because that taste was followed by a nausea reaction

extinction

disappearance or weakening of a learned response following the removal or absence of the unconditional stimulus (in classical conditioning) or the removal of a reinforcer (in operant conditioning)

conditioned emotional response ( C E R)

emotional response that has become classically conditioned to occur to learned stimuli

higher-order conditioning 1. a strong conditioned stimulus is paired with a neutral stimulus 2. a neutral stimulus becomes a second conditioned stimulus

higher-order conditioning 1. a strong conditioned stimulus is paired with a neutral stimulus 2. a neutral stimulus becomes a second conditioned stimulus

conditioned stimulus

is usually some stimulus that is distinctive or stands out from other competing stimuli

conditioned response (CR)

learned reflex response to a conditioned reflex response to a conditioned stimulus

classical conditioning

learning to make a reflex response to a stimulus other than the original, natural stimulus that normally produces the reflex

principles that researchers have discovered: -conditioned stimulus must come before the unconditioned stimulus -the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus must come very close together in time, they occur only several seconds apart -a neutral stimulus must be paired with the unconditioned several times, often many times, before conditioning can take place.

principles that researchers have discovered: -conditioned stimulus must come before the unconditioned stimulus -the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus must come very close together in time, they occur only several seconds apart -a neutral stimulus must be paired with the unconditioned several times, often many times, before conditioning can take place.

spontaneous recovery

reappearance of a learned response after extinction has occurred

acquisition

repeated pairing of the neutral stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus; the organism is in the process of acquiring learning

Ivan Pavlov

russian physiologist (person who studies the workings of the body) who discovered classical conditioning through his work on digestion in dogs

conditioned stimulus (CS)

stimulus that becomes able to produce a learned reflex response by being paired with the original unconditioned stimulus

stimulus discrimination

tendency to stop making a generalized response to a stimulus that is similar to the original conditioned stimulus because the similar stimulus is never paired with the unconditioned stimulus

stimulus generalization

the tendency to respond to a stimulus that is only similar to the original conditioned stimulus with the conditioned response