Psychology Chapter 7 Test

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combining chunks of information into a catchy or recognizable format like a phrase jingle or acronym

Mnemonic devices

Freud says repression is a reaction to...

painful unpleasant memories

tendency to recall the initial or first items in a series

primary effect

tendency to recall the last items in a series

recency effect

easiest of the 3 basic memory tasks

recognition

forgetting something on purpose because it is painful or unpleasant

repression

relating new information to something you already know helps remember by...

requiring deeper thought

the process of locating stored information and returning it to conscious thought

retrieval

memory loss of the events leading up to or before a traumatic event

retrograde amnesia

memory loss of the events that take place after a traumatic event

anterograde amnesia

memory of specific events

episodic memory

memory specific to autobiographical and general knowledge

explicit memory

repeating something to yourself until you remember it

maintenance rehearsal

a person remembering a foreign language vocab does this by....

maintenance rehearsal, constructing links, and paired associates

process by which we recollect prior experiences, information, and skills learned in the past

memory

in order to remember information for long periods of time it must be....

transferred to long term memory

organizes items into familiar units to be remembered easily

chunking

studying in the same room that you will take a test in helps because of...

context dependent memories

visual code helps a person remember a fact by...

creating a mental picture

sensory register that holds sound

echoic memory

ability to remember visual stimuli for long periods of time

eidetic memory

relating something to information you already know

elaborate rehearsal

both computers and people handle information by...

encoding

process of transferring information into a form of which it can be stored

encoding

an episodic memory that is recalled in great detail

flashbulb memory

eyewitness memories of a crime can be distorted by....

hypnosis

type of sensory register that holds visual memory

iconic memory

infantile amnesia is a result of...

immature hippocampus, incomplete formation of language, and being focused on only the present

memory of skills people have learned

implicit memory

skills for riding a bicycle are part of....

implicit memory

the inability to remember things that happened during infancy (before age 3)

infantile amnesia

when new information appears in short term memory and takes the place of what was already there

interference

most people forget things because of the normal memory processes of...

interference and decay

what is a drawback of maintenance rehearsal?

it does not connect memorized material to past learning

we can remember bits of information by organizing it into mental representations of the world

schemas

facts learned in class become part of....

semantic memory

memory of general knowledge

semantic memory

1st stage of memory?

sensory memory

how many items can the average person hold in short term memory?

seven items

information in short term memory lasts for ...

several seconds

Also called working memory

short term memory

memories that are retrieved because the mood in which they were encoded is created

state dependent memories

process where we maintain encoded information for periods of time

storage

Hermann Ebbinghaus' experiments show that a person's ability to recall a list of words decreases after...

the first hour of learning it

flashbulb memories are vivid because...

the recall events with a special meaning


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