psychology chapter 8
seeing one's own faults in other people rather than in oneself?
projection
uses self-deception to justify unacceptable behavior?
rationalization
stress-induced return to behavior characteristic of an earlier development stage?
regression
B.F. Skinner emphasized the importance of what on behavior?
reinforcement and punishment
pushes anxiety-causing ideas into unconscious mind?
repression
helped develop 5-factor model?
robert mccrae
freud identified what 3 basic psychological structures in the mind?
ID, ego and superego
humanist who focused on self-actualization and created the hierarchy of needs?
abraham maslow
process of adapting to a new or different culture?
acculturation
known for the "bobo doll" experiments; developed a social cognitive model?
albert bandura
according to carl jung, what is the collective unconscious?
archetypes
known for theory involving collective unconscious and archetypes?
carl jung
humanistic psychologist who devised self theory?
carl rogers
consistency between one;s self-concept and one's experience?
congruence
according to freud, what does the ego unconsciously use to avoid recognizing uncomfortable ideas or emotions?
defense mechanisms
developed 8 stages of psychological development based on the theory that personality development is a life-long process?
erik erikson
outward focus, tendency to be active and self-expressive?
extroversion
believed that a person's behavior is a product of a particular combination of traits?
gordon allport
focused personality theory on introversion-extroversion and stability-instability?
hans eysenck
what is personality?
individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling and acting
alfred adler believed most people were motivated by a need to overcome what feeling?
inferiority
inward focus, tendency to be imaginative?
introversion
hans eysenck focused on the relationships between what 2 personality dimensions?
introversion-extroversion and emotional stability-instability
believed that genuine and consistent love could temper the effects of even the most painful childhood?
karen horney
what does the psychoanalytic approach to personality teach?
people undergo inner struggles between drives and rules
what do the psychologists who helped develop the five-factor model believe about people's personalities?
personalities tend to mature
view of oneself as an individual?
self-concept
used psychoanalysis, dream analysis and hypnosis to help patients explore their unconscious?
sigmund freud
process by which people learn and adopt behaviors desirable in their particular culture?
socialization
what are the four basic fluids, or humors, that hippocrates believed were the basis of personality traits?
yellow bile, black bile, blood and phlegm