psychology chapter 8

seeing one's own faults in other people rather than in oneself?

projection

uses self-deception to justify unacceptable behavior?

rationalization

stress-induced return to behavior characteristic of an earlier development stage?

regression

B.F. Skinner emphasized the importance of what on behavior?

reinforcement and punishment

pushes anxiety-causing ideas into unconscious mind?

repression

helped develop 5-factor model?

robert mccrae

freud identified what 3 basic psychological structures in the mind?

ID, ego and superego

humanist who focused on self-actualization and created the hierarchy of needs?

abraham maslow

process of adapting to a new or different culture?

acculturation

known for the "bobo doll" experiments; developed a social cognitive model?

albert bandura

according to carl jung, what is the collective unconscious?

archetypes

known for theory involving collective unconscious and archetypes?

carl jung

humanistic psychologist who devised self theory?

carl rogers

consistency between one;s self-concept and one's experience?

congruence

according to freud, what does the ego unconsciously use to avoid recognizing uncomfortable ideas or emotions?

defense mechanisms

developed 8 stages of psychological development based on the theory that personality development is a life-long process?

erik erikson

outward focus, tendency to be active and self-expressive?

extroversion

believed that a person's behavior is a product of a particular combination of traits?

gordon allport

focused personality theory on introversion-extroversion and stability-instability?

hans eysenck

what is personality?

individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling and acting

alfred adler believed most people were motivated by a need to overcome what feeling?

inferiority

inward focus, tendency to be imaginative?

introversion

hans eysenck focused on the relationships between what 2 personality dimensions?

introversion-extroversion and emotional stability-instability

believed that genuine and consistent love could temper the effects of even the most painful childhood?

karen horney

what does the psychoanalytic approach to personality teach?

people undergo inner struggles between drives and rules

what do the psychologists who helped develop the five-factor model believe about people's personalities?

personalities tend to mature

view of oneself as an individual?

self-concept

used psychoanalysis, dream analysis and hypnosis to help patients explore their unconscious?

sigmund freud

process by which people learn and adopt behaviors desirable in their particular culture?

socialization

what are the four basic fluids, or humors, that hippocrates believed were the basis of personality traits?

yellow bile, black bile, blood and phlegm