Psychology Chapters 11 & 12 Notes
evaluations of or feelings toward a person, idea, or object
attitude
individual responsibility and control over decisions
autonomy
tendency to pay attention to information that is consistent with our stereotypic expectations and ignore information that is inconsistent with our expectations
confirmation bias
a type of aggression motivated by feelings of anger with intent to cause pain
hostile aggression
study of how workers interact with the tools of work and how to design those tools to optimize workers' productivity, safety, and health
human factors psychology
Marcus works for UPS and has dreads in his hair. UPS cannot discriminate against Marcus because of his hair. This is a trait of Marcus's known as an [blank].
immutable characteristic
a group that we identify with or see ourselves as belonging to
in-group
In this type of culture, relationships that are not seen as beneficial will usually not last.
individualistic
This type of culture focuses on individual autonomy.
individualistic
the study of how workers interact with the tools of work and how to design those tools to optimize workers' productivity, safety, and health
industrial psychology
a type of aggression motivated by achieving a goal and does not necessarily involve intent to cause pain
instrumental aggression
a change in behavior to please an authority figure or to avoid aversive consequences
obedience
A discipline interested in how the relationships among employees affect those employees and the performance of a business
organizational psychology
negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on one's membership in a particular social group
prejudice
voluntary behavior with the intent to help other people
prosocial behavior
Frances and her husband take turns paying the bills. What is this an example of?
reciprocity
give and take in relationships
reciprocity
Which of the following was an area of research or a major contribution that Frederick Taylor made to the field of industrial-organizational psychology?
researched how the productivity of workers could be improved by implementing rests
the act of blaming an out-group when the in-group experiences frustration or is blocked from obtaining a goal
scapegoating
an important source of information to guide behavior in given situations
script
the sharing of personal information
self-disclosure
involves expectations for how members of a gender group should behave
sexism
occurs when an individual performs better when an audience is watching than when the individual performs the behavior alone
social facilitation
a field of psychology that examines how people impact or affect each other, with particular focus on the power of the situation
social psychology
Identify the approach to analyzing pay difference based on gender that accounts for a 7 cents on the dollar pay difference.
the human capital model
a phenomenon of attributing other people's behavior to internal factors while attributing our own behavior to situational forces
actor-observer bias
humans' desire to help others even if the costs outweigh the benefits of helping
altruism
self-fulfilling prophecy
an expectation held by a person that alters his or her behavior in a way that tends to make it true
The _____________ effect is when an individual's judgement is influenced by the group majority.
Asch
Who was responsible for coining the term "group dynamics"?
Kurt Lewin
Which of the following is characteristic of the Theory Y approach to management?
People enjoy work and find it natural.
Which of the following individuals was one of the first psychologists to apply psychology to advertising, management, and personnel selection?
Walter Dill Scott
tendency to overemphasize internal factors as attributions for behavior and underestimate the power of the situation
fundamental attribution error
strengthening of the original group attitude after discussing views within the group
group polarization
According to Sternberg's triangular theory of love, what is a good definition of consummate love?
having intimacy, passion, and commitment
the tendency for people to form social networks, including friendships, marriages, business relationships, and
homophily
fundamental attribution error
to assume that the behavior of another person is a trait of that person and to underestimate the power of the situation on the behavior of others
Which of the following describes work content?
variety, challenge, role clarity
