Psychology Chapters 11 & 12 Notes

evaluations of or feelings toward a person, idea, or object

attitude

individual responsibility and control over decisions

autonomy

tendency to pay attention to information that is consistent with our stereotypic expectations and ignore information that is inconsistent with our expectations

confirmation bias

a type of aggression motivated by feelings of anger with intent to cause pain

hostile aggression

study of how workers interact with the tools of work and how to design those tools to optimize workers' productivity, safety, and health

human factors psychology

Marcus works for UPS and has dreads in his hair. UPS cannot discriminate against Marcus because of his hair. This is a trait of Marcus's known as an [blank].

immutable characteristic

a group that we identify with or see ourselves as belonging to

in-group

In this type of culture, relationships that are not seen as beneficial will usually not last.

individualistic

This type of culture focuses on individual autonomy.

individualistic

the study of how workers interact with the tools of work and how to design those tools to optimize workers' productivity, safety, and health

industrial psychology

a type of aggression motivated by achieving a goal and does not necessarily involve intent to cause pain

instrumental aggression

a change in behavior to please an authority figure or to avoid aversive consequences

obedience

A discipline interested in how the relationships among employees affect those employees and the performance of a business

organizational psychology

negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on one's membership in a particular social group

prejudice

voluntary behavior with the intent to help other people

prosocial behavior

Frances and her husband take turns paying the bills. What is this an example of?

reciprocity

give and take in relationships

reciprocity

Which of the following was an area of research or a major contribution that Frederick Taylor made to the field of industrial-organizational psychology?

researched how the productivity of workers could be improved by implementing rests

the act of blaming an out-group when the in-group experiences frustration or is blocked from obtaining a goal

scapegoating

an important source of information to guide behavior in given situations

script

the sharing of personal information

self-disclosure

involves expectations for how members of a gender group should behave

sexism

occurs when an individual performs better when an audience is watching than when the individual performs the behavior alone

social facilitation

a field of psychology that examines how people impact or affect each other, with particular focus on the power of the situation

social psychology

Identify the approach to analyzing pay difference based on gender that accounts for a 7 cents on the dollar pay difference.

the human capital model

a phenomenon of attributing other people's behavior to internal factors while attributing our own behavior to situational forces

actor-observer bias

humans' desire to help others even if the costs outweigh the benefits of helping

altruism

self-fulfilling prophecy

an expectation held by a person that alters his or her behavior in a way that tends to make it true

The _____________ effect is when an individual's judgement is influenced by the group majority.

Asch

Who was responsible for coining the term "group dynamics"?

Kurt Lewin

Which of the following is characteristic of the Theory Y approach to management?

People enjoy work and find it natural.

Which of the following individuals was one of the first psychologists to apply psychology to advertising, management, and personnel selection?

Walter Dill Scott

tendency to overemphasize internal factors as attributions for behavior and underestimate the power of the situation

fundamental attribution error

strengthening of the original group attitude after discussing views within the group

group polarization

According to Sternberg's triangular theory of love, what is a good definition of consummate love?

having intimacy, passion, and commitment

the tendency for people to form social networks, including friendships, marriages, business relationships, and

homophily

fundamental attribution error

to assume that the behavior of another person is a trait of that person and to underestimate the power of the situation on the behavior of others

Which of the following describes work content?

variety, challenge, role clarity