Psychology Development and Perception

object permanence

A game of peekaboo with his dad excites William during the first six months of his life because William actually thinks his dad has disappeared. This is because William lacks _____.

prosopagnosia.

An inability to recognize faces is called:

high amplitude

Denise wears an extremely bright safety yellow sweatshirt when she cycles to the gym after dark. The sweatshirt's brightness reflects the _____ of the light it reflects.

developmental psychology

An introductory psychology student expresses an interest in growth and change during childhood and adolescence. Which psychology course should the student consider taking next semester?

sensory adaptation

Barbara stubbed her toe last night. It hurt and all day today she has been aware of her toe. She says, "This is so weird. I usually don't think about my toe." Barbara's typical unawareness of her toe BEST reflects:

perceptual set.

Racial and ethnic stereotypes can sometimes bias the way one sees others' behaviors. This BEST illustrates the impact of:

retina

The light-sensitive inner portion of the eye is called the:

that information can be processed outside of conscious awareness.

A researcher subliminally presents a visual image to study participants, which increases the likelihood that they will later recognize the same briefly presented image. This BEST illustrates:

temperament

Developmental psychologists have found that one's general level of emotionality, called _____, remains fairly constant from childhood into adulthood.

formal operational

During adolescence, most individuals achieve Jean Piaget's _____ stage of cognitive development.

sensory adaptation

Human sensory systems are designed to detect changes in stimulation rather than to detect constancies. This is demonstrated by the process of:

the brain reassembles the image

If the eye takes in an inverted image of the world, how do humans see the world correctly?

frontal lobe; limbic system

In part, the trademark impulsivity of adolescence reflects that brain development proceeds more slowly in the brain's _____ than in its _____.

teratogen

Scientists have found that nicotine can be passed through the placenta. For the unborn children of mothers who smoke heavily, nicotine is a(n):

Harry and Margaret Harlow.

This famous experiment involving raising monkeys with two artificial mothers was conducted by:

integrity

According to Erik Erikson, older adults can MOST effectively cope with the prospect of their own death if they have achieved a sense of _____.

embryo

Amanda is pregnant. Her baby's intestinal system is beginning to develop. The baby is in the _____ stage of prenatal development.

iris

As one walks into a brightly lit room, the black structure in the center of one's eye seems to shrink to a tiny black dot. This response is caused by the action of the eye structure called the:

cornea, pupil, lens

As one watches a dog play in the park, light reflected from the dog's fur first passes through three structures of one's eye. In what order does the light pass through these structures?

declines; is stable

As people age, recall memory _____ and recognition memory _____.

vaccination

Autism is NOT related to:

frontal

Between the ages of 3 and 6 years, the number of neural connections increases MOST dramatically in the _____ lobe.

teratogens; embryo

Bonnie quits smoking cigarettes during the seventh week of her pregnancy. There is a chance that the chemicals in the cigarettes acted as _____, harming the development of Bonnie's baby during the period of the _____.

display anxiety

Boris was raised in a Russian orphanage where he was given minimal care. At age 6, he was adopted by a loving American family. As he matures, it is MOST likely that Boris will:

sensation; perception

Carlos was just touched on his cheek, which is a(n) _____. In order for Carlos to know if he was kissed or slapped, Carlos needs a(n) _____.

formal operational

Christina is in the eighth grade and is taking pre-algebra. She is doing very well and will be studying algebra next year. Christina is MOST likely in which of Piaget's stages of cognitive development?

difficult

Deirdre is a fussy baby. She does not seem to eat or sleep on a fixed schedule. She is extremely active, and she gets upset easily. Deirdre likely has a(n) _____ temperament.

sandwich

Dianne feels overwhelmed. She helps her adult daughter regularly with finances and caring for her grandchildren. She is also the primary caregiver of both her aging mother and her father-in-law. She feels like she never has a minute to herself. Dianne can be referred to as being in the _____ generation.

nature and nurture

Dr. Wiley studies the interaction between our inheritance and our experience, which he also calls the _____ issue when he lectures to his students.

relative size

Drivers sometimes overestimate the distance between their own vehicles and pedestrians who are short because they rely on the distance cue known as:

motion

Eleanor suffered severe stroke damage near the rear of both sides of her brain. Based on the case study of Mrs. M. described in the textbook, the stroke is MOST likely to impair Eleanor's ability to perceive:

Trust vs. Mistrust

Erik Erikson proposed that at each stage of life people face a psychosocial task that needs resolution. The first task that infants wrestle with is _____ versus _____.

imprinting

Latoya is 3 years old and her favorite book is Are You My Mother?, a children's book about a baby bird that hatches while its mother is away. The baby bird then leaves the nest in search of its mother. The baby bird approaches the first animal it sees. When it is told that the animal is not its mother, it then approaches the second animal it sees, and so on. Which of the attachment concepts is an aspect of this story?

Chastity

Leanne is 5 months old. Chastity is 8 months old. Dominique is 25 months old. Which infant should show the MOST evidence of stranger anxiety?

maturation

Like infants all over the world, Jonah could sit before he could stand, and stand before he could walk. This orderly sequence of motor milestones reflects:

intimacy; generativity

Making an analogy between Freud's and Erikson's views of adulthood, love is to work as _____ is to _____.

Her pupils are dilating.

Mia is attracted to a man she is chatting with in a nightclub. What is probably happening to her eyes?

monocular cues

Relative size, interposition, relative motion, and relative height are examples of _____ cues to depth perception.

theory of mind

Shelly's brother hid her favorite stuffed bear in another cabinet after Shelly had originally put the bear in her own toy chest. When she returns she is able to find the bear in the other cabinet where her brother had put it. This illustrates Shelly's development of:

identity.

Teenagers work at refining and integrating a sense of self. In Erikson's terms, adolescence is defined by a search for:

impaired theory of mind.

Ten-year-old Janelle is sad. She is crying. Her older brother looks at her and then continues watching television. He may be showing signs of:

maturation

The orderly sequence of biological growth is called:

pruning

The orderly sequence of biological growth is called:

Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development

The process of developing a sense of identity during adolescence was highlighted by _____ theory.

absolute

The smallest stimulus intensity that is detected half the time, on average, is called the _____ threshold.

emerging

The textbook states that "after high school, those who enter the job market or go to college may be managing their own time and priorities. Yet they may be doing so from their parents' home, unable to afford their own place." These individuals are in a phase of life many developmental psychologists call _____ adulthood.

lens

The transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape to help focus images on the retina is called the _____.

signal detection theory

Two TSA officers are scanning bags at the airport. One of the officers lets a bag go through, but the other officer yells, "Wait, didn't you see that?" Why one officer saw a weapon and the other did not is best explained by:

growth and change across lifespan

What do developmental psychologists seek to understand?

sensory adaptation.

When Thad arrived at the gym Tuesday morning, he noticed the musty odor of the showers in the locker room. As he finished changing, he did not notice the smell. This is probably the result of:

over 400

Which choice BEST expresses the number of genes that have been linked to autism spectrum disorder?

90;10

White paper reflects _____ percent of the light falling on it, while black paper reflects _____ percent.

Piaget; physical environment, whereas Vygotsky emphasized the child's interaction with the social

With respect to the pioneering theorists of cognitive development _____ emphasized the child's interaction with the _____ environment.

trichromatic; opponent-process

With respect to theories of color perception, the _____ theory applies to the first stage of color processing, whereas the _____ theory applies to the second stage.