Psychology Exam 1
The _____ is similar to an air traffic control tower guiding incoming aircraft. It essentially acts as a relay station, directing traffic in the brain
the thalamus
Which statement characterizes how the body responds to imminent danger?
Both the sympathetic nervous system and the endocrine system cause physiological changes in response to danger.
Sean's wife reported something to him about a mutual friend. Which region of his wife's brain played a critical role in her ability to produce speech?
Broca's area
The goal of _____ research is to gather knowledge for the sake of knowledge.
basic
The _____ is important for coordination, balance, and abstract reasoning.
cerebellum
If a researcher wants to know the relationship between two variables that they cannot manipulate in laboratory, such as the average temperature and the amount of carbon emitted in a given year, the researcher can:
compute a correlation
A variable that is measured in an experiment is called
dependent variable
Alex creates a pie chart for a sales meeting since he has to display _____ statistics such as the gender and sales preferences of customers
descriptive
The membrane is repolarized when gates open and ______ flow out of the axon.
potassium ions
Broca's and Wernicke's areas are primarily involved in
processing and producing language
What are two common measures of variability
standard deviation and range
Actual data values are always used in the presentation of a:
stem and leaf plot
While putting a pizza in the oven, Remy accidentally touches the hot oven rack. Before fully processing what has happened, Remy yanks his hand out of the oven. What does this scenario represent?
the reflex arc
Critical thinking involves:
thinking beyond definitions.
Jamie fell backwards and bumped her head. She briefly 'saw stars'. This is because her fall stimulated her:
visual cortex
Research shows that we remember material better if:
we have been tested on it.
Which statement about the midbrain is true?
It has neurons that generate movement patterns in response to sensory input.
Niels is trying to imagine what the human nervous system looks like. He knows that the body has neurons that run up and down the spine and branch throughout the body. These neurons provide the connection between the:
brain and the body
Bill is always amazed at how accurately his horoscope seems to predict his day. He shares his experience with his friend, a psychologist. His friend says that horoscopes seem accurate because of their:
broad and vague claims
Which is an example of describing a phenomenon?
conducting assessments at various stages
Operant conditioning focuses on the role of _____ in shaping behavior.
consequences
Dr. Charles is using _____ to measure activity throughout the brain by utilizing strong magnets to track changes in the brain's blood-oxygen levels.
fmri
Which ethical guideline in psychology relates to the participant's understanding of what the study will entail?
informed consent
Which section of the brain controls language?
left
In a skewed distribution, which is the BEST measure of central tendency to use
median
The hindbrain includes the
medulla
Which brain area is the smallest?
midbrain
Different parts of the _____ are associated with different parts of the body
motor and somatosensory cortices
Kamlai has a nephew who has had a brain injury. Even though she is worried, Kamlai knows that her nephew has a good chance to recover because he is young and, as she says, "His brain will adapt." What is Kamlai referring to when she says this?
neuroplasticity
Mylie is reading about the brain and how it undergoes constant alteration in response to experiences. As she learns this new information, her own brain is likely growing new connections. This reflects:
neuroplasticity.
A _____ distribution is symmetrical and has a bell shaped curve
normal
Dr. Schmidt studies the communication pathway between the central nervous system and the rest of the body. She studies the:
peripheral nervous system.
Without the peripheral nervous system, the brain would have no means of communicating with the _____, just like an uninhabited island in the middle of an ocean.
rest of the body
Jake is looking at a bowling ball that is located to his left. The image of the bowling ball will go to the _____ half of the retina in both of his eyes, and then go to the _____ hemisphere.
right, right
Briel is preparing a poster board for her presentation in class tomorrow. She will be discussing the flow of information in the human nervous system. She has drawn an incoming arrow, which represents how information flows from the _____ into the central nervous system.
sensory neurons
When information has to cross our corpus callosum, we respond _____ when the information does not cross the corpus callosum
slower than
Combat soldiers commonly face imminent danger. During these situations, their _____ would have responded almost instantaneously, triggering the release of neurotransmitters that cause increases in heart rate, breathing rate, and metabolism.
sympathetic nervous system
People are less likely to assist someone in distress when there are many other people around. This is called:
the bystander effect
Which of the following is part of the limbic system
the hypothalamus
While mapping the human brain, neurosurgeon Dr. Penfield found key similarities between the motor cortex and somatosensory cortex, including the finding that
the size of each body part reflects the amount of cortex allotted to it for both regions
scatterplots show
two scores represented as individual points on the graph
Dr. Velasquez found a correlation of r = 0.02 in a recent study. The two variables in his study are
uncorrelated
Katrina just took an online quiz and the results told her she is a "creative right-brained" person. According to research, the claim from this online quiz site is:
unlikely to be true because this kind of categorization is an oversimplification of the research
_____ refers to the accuracy of the data collection methods.
validity
The cerebral cortex is about
1/8 of an inch thick
The empirical rule tells us that _____ of values will fall within three standard deviations of the mean
99.7
Which example demonstrates the goal to change?
Greta implements a meditation program to her curriculum
Although not as fast as neurotransmitters, why are the messages of hormones more widely spread?
They are disseminated through the bloodstream.
A defining characteristic of the cerebrum is that it:
has two distinct hemispheres
Kacper is taking a class on investigative autopsies. Every time he reads about the details of an autopsy and then learns of the deceased person's diagnosis, he thinks he could have easily predicted it if he were the medical examiner. Kacper is exemplifying:
hindsight bias
How does magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) produce more detailed information about the brain than computerized axial tomography (CAT)?
A computer analyzes the brain's response to the field that passes through the brain.
_____ are a type of glial cell that have been found to support communication between neurons.
Astrocytes
Over the years, _____ identified speech-impaired patients with damage to the same area on the side of the left frontal lobe.
Broca
_____ uses X-rays to create many cross-sectional images of the brain that can be examined individually.
Computerized axial tomography
Researchers studying sensation and perception are building on groundwork laid by _____, who is considered one of the founders of physiological psychology.
Gustav Fechner
_____ uses powerful magnets to create cross-sectional images of the brain with superior detail.
Magnetic resonance imaging
Dr. Maladov is preparing for class tomorrow and is thinking about how best to explain the movement of oppositely charged ions. He ultimately decides to use the common expression "opposites attract" to explain:
electrostatic pressure.
The three basic parts of a typical neuron are:
the cell body, dendrites, and an axon
Which statement about neurotransmitters is true?
We know approximately 100 neurotransmitters, but more remain to be discovered.
A researcher is performing a study in order to find a solution to a specific problem. This researcher is performing _____ research.
applied
One of the goals of Dr. Abioye's research is to apply her findings regarding long-term confinement and immunological health. She has contacted a mining company to see if they are interested in learning about the personality characteristics that seem to be better suited to confinement. This is reflective of which of the four main goals of psychology?
change
What did Broca discover as a result of autopsies on two men who were not able to talk?
damage to the same area on the side of the left frontal lobe
Early psychologists explored localization of function in the brain by using ablation to:
destroy tissue in the brain
Last year, Dr. Mendez conducted a study that explored the effects of visualizing the personal impact of climate change. When he organized his findings, he was performing which main goal of psychology?
explain
Dr. Califiore studies an area of the brain that is buried beneath the cortex. It includes a group of interconnected structures that play an important role in the experience of emotion, motivation, and memory. What area of the brain does Dr. Califiore study?
the limbic system
Which area of the brain controls breathing
the medulla
The _____ is the score that occurs most often in a data se
the mode
_____ uses a radioactive tracer to detect active areas of the brain.
Positron emission tomography
_____ is the process by which neurotransmitters can be reabsorbed by the sending axon terminal.
Reuptake
Which researcher is conducting a case study?
Santiago, who is collecting in-depth data about a group of 12 miners who were trapped in a cave for 45 days
An automatic response to a sensory stimulus is called a(n):
reflex arc
Active touch information, or sensory information from one side of the body going to the opposite hemisphere, is often called
haptic information
Sachini says, "We, as humans, are continually growing and striving to better ourselves. It's in our power to make our lives what we want." Sachini is expressing the _____ perspective of psychology.
humanistic
Amara notices that she is getting a little hungry. In all likelihood, neurons from her digestive system are sending signals to her _____ saying, "The stomach is empty."
hypothalamus
Gillian sustained a brain injury and afterward was unable to read novels. This symptom suggests that the brain injury occurred in the:
left hemisphere.
_____ communicate with each other via chemicals called neurotransmitters.
neurons
Professor Borkowski is discussing a study in class and notes that the researchers determined r equaled -0.40. What is Professor Borkowski discussing?
correalations
What type of neurons receive information directly from the environment and convey this information to the brain for processing?
sensory neurons
In the brain, _____ is involved in regulating arousal and sleep.
norepinephrine
What was Fechner's reasoning for how the mind and body connect?
The mind is also experimented on when studying the physical ability to sense stimuli.
What do microglia, astrocytes, and Schwann cells have in common?
They are glial cells.
Professor Piotrowski is thinking of expanding his research to study a woman with extraordinary intellectual abilities yet a low IQ. He is thinking he will need to conduct in-depth interviews with her. Professor Piotrowski will also try to talk with her friends, family, and coworkers to get as much information about her as possible. Professor Piotrowski is planning to conduct a: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.
case study
Professor Shěn is a full-time instructor at a community college. She has been working with a group of students recently to help increase awareness of diversity, ethnicity, and ethnocentrism across the college and community. Which issue is Professor Shěn's overall focus? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.
culture
Rhonda is looking at a depiction of Penfield's map of the motor cortex, which is portrayed as a homunculus. As Rhonda carefully turns the pages, she realizes that the area of her cortex responsible for the fine motor control her fingers need to do this is portrayed as _____ in comparison to the other body parts of the homunculus.
gigantic
Named after the Greek word for <i>glue,</i> the _____ hold(s) neurons together and maintain(s) the structure of the nervous system.
glial cells
A right-handed split-brain patient is asked to assemble blocks to match a pattern located in the upper left-hand corner. If they are asked to do this using their right hand, they will:
have a very difficult time
Eunyoe knows a man who had his brain's left hemisphere removed when he was a child. She is amazed at how well the man speaks. The limited impairment he displays is likely because of:
his young age when the surgery was performed.
Dione is talking with a classmate and says, "They travel through the bloodstream and typically cause long-lasting effects." What is Dione discussing?
hormones
Diego is studying to be a nurse. Today he was reading about the limbic system and its involvement in regulating sleep-wake cycles and appetite. Which structure of the limbic system was the focus of his reading?
hypothalamus
Younger children who have sustained a brain injury tend to have better outcomes than adults who suffer a brain injury. This demonstrates _____ in children.
increased plasticity
Outlining can be an effective studying technique when it:
is used as a self-test mechanism.
Buried beneath the cortex is the _____, a group of interconnected structures that play an important role in the experience of emotion, motivation, and memory.
limbic system
Dr. Tengku is a research psychologist. No different than early experiments conducted by Wundt, the aim of Dr. Tengku's experiments is to:
measure psychological processes.
Janet's data set includes the values 2, 10, 11, 12, 13, and 229. The best measure of central tendency for her to use would be the
median
Located in the hindbrain, damage to the _____ can disrupt some of the body's most vital functions, such as breathing and heart rate maintenance
medulla
Bonnie is looking at a drawing of a homunculus that depicts various regions of the body. The size of each body part on the drawing reflects the amount of cortex allocated to it. As Bonnie reaches up to scratch an itch on the back of her neck, she realizes that a greater part of her _____ is allocated to the control of her hand than to bending her elbow.
motor cortex
The breaks between the _____ segments are called the _____.
myelin; nodes of Ranvier
Dr. Ling is studying altruism. He visits a local kindergarten class and records how often children help each other (with the parents' permission). Which type of research design is this?
naturalistic observation
Ivanna researches how many genes influence intelligence in the human population. Her work is related to which psychological theme?
nature vs nurture
A researcher finds that the more students party, the lower are their grades. This relationship between partying and grades is an example of a:
negative correlation
Dr. Wallace is describing the peripheral nervous system to the class. She describes one component as bundled electrical cables carrying signals from place to place. She is describing:
nerves
Stem cells are responsible for:
neurogenesis.
Niko is preparing for class and is reading about how neurons communicate. He decides he should start by studying the messengers that are used in this communication. This means he should begin by reviewing:
neurotransmitters
Professor Ahmed brings 2 year olds into the lab and has them interact with toys. Professor Ahmed records which toys the children play with for the longest. This is an example of a _____ study.
observational
Linnea is a neuroscience graduate student who is using fMRI to study the brains of visually impaired individuals who learned Braille early in life. Linnea should expect to see that visually impaired individuals who learned to read Braille early in life will
occipital lobe
Krystal is interested in cooperative behavior in young children. For her study, she describes young children as children between the ages of three and seven. This is her:
operation definition
Dr. Lindsey studies the use of therapy dogs in hospital settings. She wants to explore whether these dogs improve the moods of patients. She needs to develop a(n) _____ for moods, so that she can have a precise description and manner of measurement for this variable.
operational definition
In a research study examining depressive symptoms, "the score an individual receives on the Beck Depression Inventory" is a(n) _____ definition for level of depression.
operational definition
Dr. Prasad has a lab meeting with her research assistants. They are planning a study, and now that they have chosen the variables they are going to examine, they must create:
operational definitions
Lydia's heart starts to race and her breathing increases when she hears a loud sound outside. She realizes quickly that there is nothing to worry about. Her body is brought back to noncrisis mode by her _____ nervous system.
parasympathetic
Dr. Poirier is researching the effects of music on productivity. Based on her observations and existing research, she reports that playing music will increase productivity of warehouse workers who pack outgoing shipments. This reflects which main goal of psychology?
predict
Professor Hechavarria studies the immunological health of people who live and work in submarines. One of his findings is that cramped quarters can affect mood and memory. He also states that the same would be true for those working in mines for extended periods. His ability to _____ the experience of mine workers is one of the main goals of psychology.
predict
When a pattern of behavior is observed and explained, it is possible to _____ what will happen in the future. This is one of the four main goals of psychology.
predict
Professor Tan found a strong correlation between SAT scores and introductory psychology grades for students at his college. His data will allow him to:
predict a student's introductory psychology score based on their SAT scores
One advantage of using MRI instead of CAT is that it:
produces superior detail
What is ONLY found in the intracellular fluid?
proteins with a negative charge
A researcher is performing a study that involves gathering narrative descriptions from participants. This researcher is performing _____ research.
qualitiative
Which of the following correlation coefficients would you expect to see between month of birth (1 through 12) and scores on an intelligence test
r=-0.02
Because there are a variety of neurotransmitters, a variety of _____ also exist, just as it takes the right key fitting into the right lock to unlock a door.
receptor sites
Yusuf is researching American attitudes toward bans on supersized soda. He lives in Minneapolis but realizes that he probably needs a _____ to generalize his findings to the larger population.
representative sample
Elsa wants to research preschoolers' eating habits. She reviews video footage taken during snack and lunch at four preschools. This is an example of:
scientific observation
One of the four main goals of psychology is to explain behaviors. When researchers try to make sense of what they have observed, they sometimes will:
search through the scientific literature for clues
Dr. Reid is conducting research related to how the peripheral nervous system gathers information from sensory receptors and controls the skeletal muscles responsible for voluntary movement. What branch of the peripheral nervous system is the focus of Dr. Reid's research?
somatic nervous system
A person sustains a gunshot injury. This person has strong cognitive functions but is paralyzed. This person likely sustained an injury to the:
spinal cord
Professor Walsh says to her class, "You can think of this as a highway of neurons that shuttle information back and forth between the brain and the peripheral nervous system." Professor Walsh is describing the:
spinal cord
The division of the autonomic nervous system that mobilizes the fight-or-flight response to stressful or crisis situations is called the:
sympathetic nervous system
Neurotransmitters are released into:
synaptic gap
Lionel is reading about language comprehension and the processing of auditory stimuli. He learns how studies of primate vocalizations support the notion that the ability to recognize language has evolved over time and is processed within the _____ lobes.
temporal
The _____ lobes process auditory stimuli, recognize visual objects, and play a key role in language comprehension and memory.
temporal
When the threshold potential reaches a charge of -55 mV
the action potential is produced
The part of the neuron that is specialized for sending impulses to other neurons is the:
the axon
The thalamus:
the body's relay station
The _____ is a group of interrelated structures involved in the experience of emotion, motivation, and memory
the limbic
The doctors at the Cleveland Clinic are performing a hemispherectomy on Javier. As they cut open his skull, what will they encounter first?
the meninges
Which area of the brain is most closely associated with sleep and dreaming, as well as coordinating well-practiced body movements?
the pons
The _____ of the brain are linked by a band of nerve fibers.
two hemispheres
Professor Sitzes has just finished a long study on confinement of individuals in submarines. One of the main goals of psychology is to describe what is observed, and Professor Sitzes will do this by:
writing a scientific article
Oskar is a psychologist who researches how norms about expectations for people's behavior and clothing impact their identity. What psychological theme does his work have?
gender
Akeelah loves math, so she is excited to learn how to analyze data that has been collected in psychology experiments. She is especially interested in analyses that allow her to determine the probability of events occurring in the future. Which type of analysis is she interested in?
inferential statistics
If the endocrine system had a gland that worked as a chief executive officer, it would be the:
pituitary gland
Khadija's friend is curious about Aristotle and asks Khadiji to summarize Aristotle's philosophy. How should Khadiji summarize Aristotle's philosophy?
Humans know reality through perceptions, and they learn through sensory experiences.
How did Descartes' work influence the field of psychology?
It allowed for a more scientific approach to examining thoughts, emotions, and other topics previously believed to be beyond the scope of study.
Which statement about the human nervous system is true?
It conveys messages throughout the body using electrical and chemical processes.
Mawi is giving a presentation on the Greek philosopher Plato and wants to describe an important issue raised by Plato that psychologists still contemplate today. Mawi should describe which issue raised by Plato?
Nature contributes to the human capacity for cognition
Which statement characterizes the relative speed of transmission of messages through neural communication versus the endocrine system?
Neural impulses can arrive at their destination within fractions of a second, but hormones may take minutes to arrive.
Although both Wundt and Titchener conducted introspection experiments, what was the difference in their focus? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.
Titchener focused on detailed reports of subjective experiences
How does a neuron convey the strength of a stimulus?
by firing more often and delivering its message to more neurons
Paola is reading about early techniques for studying the brain. For example, Pierre Flourens would destroy parts of the brain of living animals and then determine when some functioning was lost following this surgery. This technique is called:
ablation
Last night, Daron was reviewing how neurons communicate in preparation for an upcoming test. If he were to draw a diagram of the communication process at the synapse, which label would he use for the location of the receptor sites?
dendrite
Professor Laurent is discussing neural communication with his afternoon class. As he shows a model of a neuron to the class, he points to the branchlike fibers extending from the cell body and describes how they receive chemical messages from neighboring neurons. He is currently discussing:
dendrite
Haji and Asha are _____, which means they share approximately 50% of their genes.
fraternal twins
Yi Qing reads about a psychologist in his history book. This psychologist believed that static elements of consciousness didn't exist and focused their experiments on how reactive anger provided an adaptive advantage in certain situations. Yi Qing knows that this psychologist studied:
functionalism
Which statement describes phrenology?
judging the topography of the human head
Which adjective is appropriate when describing the cerebrum?
large
Johann learns about the concept of nurture and tries to come up with an example of an influencing factor. Johann could use the:
learning that occurs in school
Dr. Pavlik is a neuroscientist who studies brain injuries and the body's response to them. Recently, she has turned her attention to the cells that defend the brain from infection and inflammation. Which type of cells does she study?
microglia
Hiro notes that a research article examining the relationship between sense of humor and positive psychological capacities reported a correlation coefficient of 0.30. Based on this, Hiro can conclude that a _____ correlation exists.
moderate positive
Estrella has been reading about Plato in her psychology course and agrees with Plato's view that:
nature plays an important role in the human capacity for cognition
Olivia reads a study that examined the influence of social support on trauma recovery outcomes. This study is related to which psychological theme?
positive psychology
nature plays an important role in the human capacity for cognition
positive psychology
Jeanne has drawn a diagram that shows the segments of an axon, with small green dots flooding in from the outside of the neuron when each axon segment fires. What do these dots represent?
positive sodium ions
Yasmin's classmate says that he believes someone's psychological disorder results from conflict between inner sexual and aggressive desires and society's expectations, which started from something that happened early in life. Yasmin knows her classmate believes in the _____ perspective.
psychoanalytic
What structure provides a direct link between the brain and the peripheral nervous system?
spinal cord
Where do motor neurons receive information from?
the central nervous system
Why are sodium ions on the outside of the neuron attracted to the cell wall?
the force of attraction between oppositely charged ions
Ye-jun is planning a study related to the impact of disasters. While developing his hypothesis, he should also be on the lookout for _____ that could explain the phenomenon he is studying.
theories
Which statement about nurture is true?
It is how knowledge is acquired from life experiences
How did Wundt's work influence the field of psychology?
It established the discipline of psychology from meticulous accounts of experiments that examined conscious activities to measure psychological processes.
_____ conducted research on the negative effects of racism on child development, which played a crucial role in the 1954 Supreme Court decision (<i>Brown v. the Board of Education</i>) to overturn state laws allowing segregation.
Mamie Phipps Clark
Which statement characterizes how hormones differ from neurotransmitters?
Neural impulses can arrive at their destination within fractions of a second, but hormones may take minutes to arrive.
Levi was preparing to cook his lunch when he activated his sensory pathway by accidentally touching a hot pan with his bare hands. Which of these explanations accurately describes what happens next?
Neurons in the spinal cord cause Levi's hand to withdraw without his brain's help.
Which statement about the frontal lobes is true?
One of their major functions is to organize information from the other lobes.
ichael notices that the plants in his garden that are in the shade most of the day are smaller than the ones that are in the sun. What can Michael conclude about the relationship between sunlight and plant growth?
a positive correlation between amount of sunlight and plant growth
Simon has a brain tumor on his hypothalamus. As a result, it is likely that Simon is experiencing:
abnormal blood pressure and body temperature
One important function of the corpus callosum is that it:
allows the left and right sides of the brain to work together.
Neuroplasticity is important for humans because it:
allows us to adjust to our changing environments.
Amir is walking home alone when he gets the feeling someone is following him. He starts to walk faster, afraid for his safety. The activity in his nervous system is increasing drastically, triggering this emotional reaction of terror through the activation of his: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.
amygdala
While crossing a busy street, Tyra was nearly hit by a bus. For a moment, she saw her life flash before her eyes, her heart raced, and her palms began to sweat. Tyra's _____ was activated and the nervous system orchestrated her physiological and emotional reaction of fear
amygdala
The human motor cortex has less brain tissue dedicated to the _____ than the _____
arm, tongue
The _____ allow us to learn, have abstract thoughts, and carry out complex behaviors.
association areas
Dr. Pearson studies the human nervous system. She has a diagram on her wall that shows the branch of the peripheral nervous system that controls involuntary processes within the body, such as contractions in the digestive tract and activity of glands. Dr. Peterson's diagram is of the:
autonomic nervous system
Jun is studying for an exam. He has an image in his mind of what happens to some neurotransmitters after they have been released in the synapse. They get reabsorbed by the sending _____ in a process known as reuptake.
axon terminal
There are two main types of research conducted by psychologists:
basic and applied
Much of the communication within the nervous system involves two neurotransmitters:
glutamate and GABA
Mizuki has difficulty walking unassisted. She holds onto the furniture and walls when walking and tends to take wide steps to help steady herself. Her doctor explained that this is due to a disorder affecting her:
cerebellum
The _____ perspective examines mental processes that direct behavior, focusing on concepts such as thinking, memory, and language.
cognitive
What is the singular word for data
datum
Ilona tells her friend that she has noticed that meditation helps calm her anxiety, and she has been documenting how she meditates and the changes in her anxiety levels. Ilona's actions represent which of the four main goals of psychology?
describe
Professor Phuong studies the social adjustment and physical health of individuals confined to small spaces. She collects data on the characteristics of the individuals and the changes in their social adjustment and physical health. This is representative of which main goal of psychology?
describing
What group is associated with the limbic system?
emotions, motivations, and memories
The correlational method is aimed at:
examining relationships among variables.
After Josipa noticed that workers were more efficient at completing repetitive tasks when music was being played, she conducted a review of current research. She learned that this has been reported in a number of studies and that various factors may be at play. Josipa continues her review of existing research to expand her understanding. Which of the four main goals of psychology does this represent?
explain
Sodium ions are more concentrated in the _____ while potassium ions are more concentrated in the _____
extracellular fluid; intracellular fluid
For her REM sleep study, Alivia presented possible amounts of REM sleep on the x-axis and the relative frequency of each amount of REM sleep on the y-axis and connected each data point with a line. Alivia is presenting a:
frequency polygon
Coralyn is reading about Albert Einstein's brain. Researchers have reported that although Einstein's brain did not weigh more than the average brain, a region of his _____ believed to be important for visual-spatial processing was 15% larger than those of the control groups. This makes sense to Coralyn because she can understand how this type of processing could be important in mathematical reasoning.
parietal lobe
Which lobe sits behind the frontal lobe
parietal lobe
Professor Rivera is studying personality characteristics and plans to send out questionnaires and bring some participants into the lab for interviews. A drawback of this approach is that:
people may not answer honestly
Demetrius is a graduate teaching assistant for an introduction to psychology course. The course instructor has offered to let Demetrius teach her class about the nervous system. She has asked Demetrius to organize the presentation from the broadest to the most specific systems within the nervous system. Which order of information would enable Demetrius to meet the instructor's expectations?
peripheral > autonomic > sympathetic
Following a horrific accident, Mikayla suffered extensive damage to her left and right frontal lobes. This damage would likely lead to extreme changes in her:
personality
_____ plays a key role in understanding humor
right
Adler is preparing for a presentation he is giving and is designing some slides to project onto the screen. His first slide includes a drawing of two large sticks coming out of a tree trunk. The trunk represents the peripheral nervous system and the two large sticks represent the:
somatic and autonomic nervous systems.
Alicia is describing the branch of the peripheral nervous system that includes sensory nerves and motor nerves. She is describing the:
somatic nervous system
When an electrode stimulates Brian's _____ he feels a tingling in his leg
somatosensory cortex
What is computed by finding the square root of the sum of the squared deviations from the mean divided by n - 1?
standard deviation
Dr. Reimitz specializes in neurogenesis and is planning a new experiment. Based on her area of expertise, she would likely conduct an experiment involving:
stem cells
The _____ contains the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.
the nervous system
A scientific research article that has gone through peer review to ensure that it is free of opinions, beliefs, expectations, and values is described as:
objective
Professor McManus shows a scatterplot of data that show that grades increase as the number of hours spent studying increases. Professor McManus has shown
a positive correlation between studying and grades
Jonas is writing a research proposal for his developmental psychology class. He has decided to examine whether children who experience a disaster react similarly to adults. What step should he take next?
develop a hypothesis
Hailey is reading about the part of the human brain that organizes information among the other lobes of the brain. She is reading about the _____ lobes.
frontal
Prior to his hemispherectomy, Brian was extroverted and easygoing, but after his operation he became more introverted and passive. The transformation of his personality may be a result of many influences. However, one factor could be that he lost a considerable amount of brain tissue from his:
frontal lobes
Hattie is preparing a presentation about the effect that hormones have on the body. We can expect that Hattie will discuss:
glands
Chung is working in a psychology laboratory this year. His most recent job has been to help with recording the behaviors seen through a two-way mirror. The head of the study has warned all of the research assistants that they must guard against errors being introduced into their recording of observations due to their value systems, expectations, and attitudes. This type of error is called:
observer bias
Humans are able to sense touch and pressure thanks to the _____ lobes.
parietal
_____ detects electrical energy in the brain and displays information that can be interpreted.
An electroencephalogram
Nadezhda wants to test how well she remembers supporting information for key points of a reading. Which of the following with help her with this?
outlining
Professor Forrester is conducting a study that uses X-rays to create many cross-sectional images of the brain that can be examined individually. Which procedure are the study participants undergoing?
computerized axial tomography
Last night, Quinn studied hard for her psychology quiz. She feels especially confident today about being able to describe the processes of diffusion and reuptake. Based on this, which part of the neural communication pathway is Quinn most familiar with?
synaptic gap
Which question comes from a humanistic perspective?
How do choice and self-determination influence behavior?
Which of these was part of Plato's philosophy?
Humans are born with some degree of innate knowledge.
To establish the causes of a behavior, which research method must be used?
an experiment
With regard to the effect of nature and nurture on behaviors and personality, psychologists today believe that:
both nature and nurture are important.
Dr. Tavarez studies neural communication. In particular, he does research on the processes occurring in the synaptic gap. He has been describing his findings to a neighbor, explaining that neurotransmitters that are not reabsorbed drift out of the synaptic gap because of their natural tendency to spread out or disperse. What is Dr. Tavarez discussing?
diffusion
Yael is preparing for her psychology class this morning. The topic is how neurons communicate with each other. To better remember the process, she thinks of it as if neighboring neurons vote to determine if a particular neuron should fire, and their votes are cast by the secretion of their:
neurotransmitters
_____ that are not reabsorbed drift out of the synaptic gap through diffusion.
neurotransmitters
Late last night, Xavier heard a loud crashing sound in his kitchen. He was so scared that he did not even want to go see what it was. Even though he didn't move for a few minutes, _____ was still working to enable his nervous system to prepare his body for this stressful situation.
norepinephrine
Dr. Walcott studies newborn infants. She is thinking about how to choose a subset of the population to participate in the study. She needs to make sure that all members of the population have an equally likely chance of being selected to participate in the study. This means she needs a:
random sample
Dr. Stankovic is using the survey method to collect data on psychological disorders. She is somewhat concerned that she will not have a representative sample, because so far, the _____ for the surveys she distributed has fallen short of ideal.
response rate
Bijan and Wei are _____, which means they share approximately 50% of their genes. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.
siblings
Hayoon reads about how the educational background of parents, as well as their social status, influences the learning outcomes of their children. This study is describing the _____ perspective.
sociocultural
A person says, "We don't have much knowledge when we are born. We gain knowledge by interacting with our environments." This person's beliefs closely align with those of:
Aristotle
Which question may be asked by someone studying the influence of gender on behavior and mental processes?
Why are so many CEOs male?
Professor Inoue is explaining to her class how neighboring cells initially signal for the channels to open up to let positive sodium ions move into the dendrites of a neuron. She explains that if enough sending neurons signal the receiving neuron to pass along the message, their combined signal _____ and the neuron will fire.
becomes excitatory
Mateo studies how leptin, a hormone, influences weight loss and diet mentality in people. He is likely a _____ psychologist.
biological
The _____ perspective explores physiological explanations for mental processes, searching for connections between behavior and the human nervous system, especially the brain.
cognitive neuroscience
Yvette is working on a group presentation for class and is trying to figure out how she should explain the movement of positive and negative ions into and out of cells. She decides to draw a cluster of ions moving away from each other. Which process would this help to illustrate?
diffusion
